初中英语时态讲解.doc

时态讲解1， 一般现在时态:a 表示经常发生或反复发生的动作， He gets up at 6:00 everyday.b 表示现在的情况或状态，The soup tastes good.c 永恒不变的真理， The sun rises in the east. 补充知识：一般现在时态表示将来的情况，1，可以表示按规定，计划或时间表要发生的事， the plane takes off at 9：00. 2，在时间或条件从句中，用一般现在时态表示将来，If I see Nancy Ill ask her.I will disscuss with you when we meet. We will start as soon as you are ready.2， 现在进行时态：表示正在进行的动作或发生的事，表示状态和感觉的词不能用于现在进行时，如look/smell/sound有些动词如come/go/leave/arrive/start/等用现在进行时态表示将来的动作，通常在表示按时间安排，或计划要做的事。 I am meeting Peter tonight. I am flying to HongKong tomorrow. 现在进行时态表示经常性动作，常和always,constantly,often,forever这类副词连用，表示厌烦，赞美等情绪. He is always losing the key. She is always thinking of others. 3,一般将来时态：表示将要发生的事，will+动词原形 shall+动词原形 shall用于第一人称I will be ten next week. Shell be here at 6:00. You wont be late.shall与第一人称we,I连用，when shall I come? Where shall we go for the holiday.be going to do 表示准备打算做某事，或即将发生的事，He is going to sell his house. Look, its going to rain.be about to do 表示就要发生的事，不能与具体的时间连用，They are about to start. The train is about to leave.be due to do 定于，与具体的时间连用Mike is due to leave at two. They are due to meet tomorrow.4,将来进行时态：表示将来某时将进行的动作，What will you be doing on Saturday. This time tomorrow well be Sitting in the cinema and watching a film.5,将来完成时态：表示将来某时某动作已完成或某事已发生， By the end of the year I will have saved1000yuan. By this summer well have been here for five years.6,将来完成进行时态：表示将来某时某个动作已经进行了多久，By the end of the year she will have been acting for 20 years.By May I will have been studying English for three years.7,一般过去时态：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态， I got to know her in 1998. My grandmother died last year.8,过去进行时态：表示过去某时的一个动作正在进行，过去时间由一个状语表示出来，What were you doing when I rang you up. I was busy yesterday. I was preparing for the exam.一般过去将来时态：表示从过去看将要发生的事,would/was(were) going to do构成 It was 4:00. Soon the sun would come up. She was confident she would find a job. I knew you would agree.表示过去某时打算要做的事或预计要发生的事，a 过去进行时，仅限于come,go,leave这类词， Mr.Brown was coming to dinner. He was leaving that night.b was going to c be about to do He was about to go when the phone rang.d be due to 定于 He was due to speak that night.9,现在完成时态：表示一件事已经发生，对现在造成的影响或引起的结果，I have lost my key.(因此无法进屋) He hasnt come back yet.常和just,already,yet,recently,over,still,lately(近来)等副词连用， She has just left. He still hasnt finished his work. 常和一些时间状语连用；In the past four years he has visited Paris several times.So far he has done well at school. Up to now, the workers have finished half of the work.还常和for,since引导的状语或与how long连用；I havent seen you for ages/for a long time.I havens seen her since June. He has worn glasses since he was a child.有关完成时态的几个问题：1have gone to /have been to的区别：have gone to 到某地去了，人还在那里，She has gone to live abroad.她去国外居住了. The kids have gone to the zoo. have been (to) 到过/来过某地， Ive been to Europe several times. Where have you been?2,由since引导的从句中的时态；since引导的从句用用过去时态，主句谓语用完成时态，we have been friends since we met at school.3,在时间及条件从句中，需用现在完成时态代替将来完成时态， I will tell him after you have left. I will call you when I have finished my homework. If he hasnt got up,dont wake him.4,和time一起用的情况， It is the first/second time I have seen a panda.5,在定语从句中，先行词由最高级或序数词修饰，从句用完成时态， This is the best tea I have ever drunk. It is the most interesting book I have read. Its the first good meal I have had for a long time.7 have got的用法；和have的意思相同，只是形式上是完成时态， I have got a cold=I have a cold. Have you got a timetable=Do you have a timetable. have got to=have to 不得不，必须 youve got to be careful. Have you got to leave soon?10,现在完成进行时态：表示一个持续到现在的动作，（这个动作可能刚停止，也可能还在进行）What have you been doing all these years?I have been looking for my dog and still I havent found it.这个时态常和how long,long等连用，Have you been waiting long?How long have you been doing this work?She has been expecting a long distance call all day long.也常和since,for引导的状语一起用，We have been living in this city since 1980.It has been raining for two hours.现在完成进行时可表示动作的重复，He hasnt been eating regularly recently.Youve often been making mistakes.11,过去完成时态：表示过去某时前某事已经发生，也就是过去的过去， When I arrived Jane had just left. She found she had left her case on the train. He had served in the army for ten years,last year he retired.I didnt know I had given you so much trouble.使用过去完成时常见情况；1， 和time连用， It was the first time I had made such a mistake.2， 用在than,as引导的从句中，We finished the work earlier than we had expected.我们早于预期完成了这项工作.We didnt get along as well as we had hoped.我们相处得没有希望的那么好.3， 用于hope,intend,mean,think,expect等动词表示未实现的愿望.I had hoped to be back last