动词不定式主动表被动的情况.doc

动词不定式主动表被动的情况：在某些情况下,虽然表示被动意思, 用的却是不定式的主动形式。常见的有下列几种情况:一、在某些固定句型中, 动词不定式作定语, 用主动形式表被动意义。1）have（give, show）sth. to do在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系, 又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do与things是动宾关系, 与I是主谓关系。否则, 在表示被动意义时, 仍需要被动式。试比较:Have you anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做吗?（to do是由you发出的）Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要带给你父母的东西吗? （谁带不得而知）再如:Please get me something to read. 请给我弄点读的材料。Hell show you the right path to take. 他会给你指出要走的正确的路。2）It（This, That）beaanadj. n. to do在这种句型中, 不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 这是个难答的问题。question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。再如:It is an easy sentence to translate. 这个句子很容易翻译。3）There be n. to do在此句型中, 用来修饰主语的不定式, 可用主动式, 也可用被动式, 只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语, 重点在人, 用被动式作定语, 重点在物。例如:没有时间可以耽误。可译成:There is no time to lose（to be lost）. 用 to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 谁 lost time不明确。但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同:a. There is nothing to do now. （We have nothing to do now. ）现在没事干。b. There is nothing to be done. （We can do nothing now. ）现在没办法了。a. There is nothing to see. （nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看。b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all）看不见什么东西。二、在某些“形容词不定式”的结构中, 不定式有被动意义, 与句子主语构成动宾关系。其句型有:1）n. beadj. to doThe question was very difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。The job is very easy to do. 这工作很容易做。2）n. betooadj. to doThe thing is too small to see. 这东西太小看不见。I was too excited to say a word. 我激动得连一句话也说不出。3）n. be adj. enough to doThe box is light enough to carry. 这盒子轻得可带走。The book is cheap enough to buy. 这本书很便宜可以买。但下列两句可用不定式的主动式, 也可用被动式:This plant is fit to eat to be eaten. 这种植物可以食用。The cake is ready to eat to be eaten. 这块饼可以吃了。三、某些动词, 如to let, to blame （责备）, to seek（寻找）用主动式表被动意义。例如:The house is to let. 这房子要出租。Who is to blame for it? 这得怪谁?The reason is not far to seek. 这理由不难找到。练习: 选择填空。1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.a. sit b. sit on c. be sat d. be sat on2. Im hungry. Get me something _.a. eat b. to eat c. to be eat d. for eating3. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese.a. write b. to write c. to be written d. written4. I have no more letters _, thank you.a. to type b. typingc. to be typed d. typed5. The car is rather difficult _.a. to repair b. to be repairedc. repairing d. being repaired6. He was nowhere _.a. to see b. to be seen c. seeing d. seen7. She had no money _ a birthday present for their children.a. to b