新学堂突破英语是一个高效率英语学习训练课程.doc

新学堂突破英语是一个高效率英语学习训练课程，由北大新学堂网络学习研究中心研发。该智能化高效学习系统，针对中国学生英语学习的特点，采用先进科技，以突破关键环节、优化知识结构为基础，建立了一个适合英语高效率学习的智能平台。“突破英语”学习内容示例：英语时态表时态tense时间time一般时进行时完成时完成进行时以study为例，44=16种常见时态现在studystudiesam studyingis studyingare studyinghave studiedhas studiedhave been studyinghas been studying过去studiedwas studyingwere studyinghad studiedhad been studying将来shall studywill studyshall be studyingwill be studyingshall have studiedwill have studiedshall have been studyingwill have been studying过去将来should studywould studyshould be studyingwould be studyingshould have studiedwould have studiedshould have been studyingwould have been studying注释：一、时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。时态结构，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。二、时态4种，时间4种，共计16种常见时态。分别为：1、一般现在时（简称现在时）2、一般过去时（简称过去时）3、一般将来时（简称将来时）4、一般过去将来时（简称过去将来时）5、现在进行时6、过去进行时7、将来进行时8、过去将来进行时9、现在完成时10、过去完成时11、将来完成时12、过去将来完成时13、现在完成进行时14、过去完成进行时15、将来完成进行时16、过去将来完成进行时三、以上16种时态，即16种动词形式，分别表示某种（或多种）动词含义，分别有某种（或多种）用法。具体详解及示例，请登录北大新学堂“突破英语”智能化高效学习系统官方网站查看或下载。介词用法口诀介词的用法，属于英语学习中的一个难点。同学们只要掌握以下的介调用法口诀，就不易出错。口诀的详解和举例，请登录北大新学堂“突破英语”智能化高效学习系统官方网站查看或下载。早、午、晚要用in，at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in.以后，小处at大处in。有形with无形by，语言、单位、材料in。特征、方面与方式，心情、成语惯用in。at和to表方向，攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，收音、农场、值日on，关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准。特定时日和一就，on后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚，of之前on代in。步行、驴、马、玩笑on，cab，carriage则用in。at山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with，具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被by，单数、人类know to man。this、that、tomorrow，yesterday，next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下，above、below则不然，若与数量词连用，混合使用亦无关。beyond超出、无、不能，against靠着，对与反。besides，except分内外，among之内along沿。同类比较except，加for异类记心间。原状because of,、owing to、due to表语形容词under后接修、建中，of、from物、化分。before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。before能接完成时，ago过去极有限。since以来during间，since时态多变换。与之相比beside，除了last but one。复不定for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向towards，工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for否定用虚拟，复合介词待后言。ing型由于鉴，除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在.方面，有关介词须记全。in内to外表位置，山、水、国界to在前。高中英语常用重点句型1. There is no point in doing sth. There is no point (in) doing sth表示“做某事没有作用或没有意义”, point为不可数名词。如：There is no point in arguing further. 继续争执下去没有意义了。There seems to be no point in protesting. It wont help much. 抗议好象没有什么用处，于事无补。2. It was the first time that .It was the first time that .表示“第一次做”，从句用过去完成时。若主句是一般现在时(is)，则从句用现在完成时。如：It is the first time Ive won since I learnt to play chess. 自从我学会下国际象棋以来，这是我第一次赢。3. 形容词或形容词短语作状语英语中形容词或形容词短语可作状语，说明主语行为的原因、方式、结果、伴随状况等。如：4. have / find / want / . sth. donehave / find / want / . sth. done构成“动词+宾语+过去分词”结构，过去分词作宾语补足语表示与宾语之间是被动关系。如：She had her house damaged in the storm. 她的房屋在风暴中遭到了破坏。When he arrived at the bank, he found the door closed. 当他到达银行时，发现门已经关了。We want the work finished by Saturday. 我们希望这份工作星期六前完成。这样动词有很多，请看如下高考示例：高考示例1 You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. (天津2005)A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained高考示例2 In the dream Peter saw himself _ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (上海2006春) 5. neither . nor .neither . nor . 是连词词组，表示“既不也不”，用来连接两个并列成分。连接两个并列分句时，都采用部分倒装。如： He neither knows nor cares what happened. 他对发生的事情不闻不问。Neither do I know her address，nor does he.我不知道她的地址，他也不知道。知识拓展neither . nor ., not . but ., not only . but also ., either . or ., or等连接两个并列主语时, 谓语动词应和邻近的主语在数上取得一致。如：Not you but your father is to blame. 不是你, 而是你父亲应该被责备。 6. have sth. to do这个句型中，不定式短语作后置定语，与被修饰名词构成动宾关系。如：I have some letters to type. 我有些信要打。 Ripe, the oranges taste sweet.（表条件）这些橘子熟了，味道甜美。 1. 书面表达热点预猜（1） 假设你是李红，你的一位美国笔友Robert写E-mail问及你高考(Q吧)后暑假的安排，请根据以下要点，写一封100词左右的email回复他, 可以适当增加细节。 1. 学开车 2. 参加英语培训课程 3. 去北京看奥运会 4. 游览北京的名胜 注意：1.根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。2.要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思；3. 词数：100个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。 Dear Robert, How time flies! _ _ _ _ _ 【命题方向与写作提示】高考英语书面表达写作素材都是与中学生的日常生活相关的话题，会避免出现考生不熟悉的话题，也不会出现农村或城市学生不熟悉的话题，注重考查考生的语言表达能力。本篇素材考查书信体裁的作文，是应用文的写作，话题涉及社会热点：北京奥运会，内容与中学生的实际生活相关：高考后暑假的安排，体裁是书信体的电子邮件。写作要点包括：1）问候；2）引入话题：高考临近，高考后的安排；3）学开车；4）参加英语培训课程；5）去北京看奥运会；6）游览北京的名胜；7）结束语。 【写作提示】书面表达一定要注意要点齐全，写作中要注意适当增加细节以使上下文连贯，并使用一定数量的句式结构。 范文 (One possible version) Dear Robert: How time flies! The happy days we shared often shines in my memory. What about you? As you know, my college entrance exam is approaching, which also announces the end of this sort of pressing study life. However，I intend to have a meaningful summer vacation. First, I will learn to drive to get a driving license, which is a new activity for a high school graduate in China. I will have a good rest, enjoying my hobbies. Then I will take some English courses to improve my English communication ability, With the 2008 Olympics beginning, I will be a participant of it, watching the basketball match between China and the US. I have been dreaming of Kobes performance long. After that, I will pay a visit to some tourist attractions to widen my horizon. That is the plan for my vacation. I am looking forward to being told about your arrangements of vacation. Give me your quick reply soon, OK? Best wishes! 2. 书面表达热点预猜（2） 如今世界粮食短缺，价格飞涨，给部分地区造成社会动荡。假设在你校开展的研究性学习中，你们小组以“World Food Crisis”为题进行研究，现在请你代表你们小组向全体同学简要介绍你们的研究成果。主要内容如下： 造成的原因 1. 气候变化，造成粮食减产 2. 工业发展，城市化加速，耕地减少 3. 世界能源价格上涨，使用粮食生产生物燃料 应对的措施 1. 注重环保，改善生态 2. 严格保护耕地 3. 富国支持穷国，促进世界和谐 你如何做出 自己的贡献 1 2 注意：1. 内容包括以上要点，但不要逐句翻译 2. 字数150左右，文章开头已提供，不计入总词数 3. 参考词汇：城市化 urbanization 生物燃料 biofuels Hello, everyone, Now Ill tell you something about our research project The World Food Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas. _ _ _ _ _ 【命题方向与写作提示】这是一篇提纲式的议论文写作素材，探讨国计民生的社会热点话题：粮食价格上涨。写作时要注意避免逐句翻译，并适当增加细节以使行文连贯。 范文 (One possible version) Hello, everyone, Now Ill tell you something about our research project The World Food Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas. But who is responsible for the current world food crisis? First, annual world grains output has declined because of climate change. Then lots of farmland has been lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. Besides, faced with the rising energy prices, people have turned to the production of biofuels, which has worsened the severe situation. Then what should we do to deal with the problem? On one hand, we should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology. On the other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland. Of course, to build a harmonious world the developed countries should take their responsibilities to help the poor ones experiencing food shortage. As for me, I will call on the people around me to live thriftily. And for the moment, I think, we should study hard to develop science and help solve the food shortage in the future. 3. 书面表达热点预猜（3） 下表是某校关于中学生双休日活动现状的一份调查，请结合表格内容，用英语写一篇120150单词的短文，就中学生应如何过双休日发表你的看法。 学习情况 几乎都在学习 半天学习半天活动 几乎都在做其他事情 16% 24% 60% 娱乐休闲 体育活动 游玩和购物 上网看电视 20% 40% 40% 去图书馆 经常 偶尔 几乎没有 5% 23% 72% 课外兴趣小组 经常 偶尔 不参加 10% 20% 70% 范文 (One possible version) This form displays the result of a survey on how to spend students weekend. It says that few students are glued to their schoolwork any more. Instead, they prefer to surf on the internet, watch TV, go shopping rather than involve in sports games. Library and interest groups are available but not favourable. Personally I think, students are now freed from heavy burden but their spare time is not well arranged. They are expected to spend some time on what they learn instead of hanging out. More time should be spent not only on green field but also in the libraries to build up themselves physically and mentally. Besides, more interest groups should be established for students to widen their horizon and sharpen their brains so that they can become more creative eventually. All these will contributes a lot to a well-informed and highly qualified teenager. In conclusion, students should be more scheduled with colorful and fruitful activities. 4. 书面表达热点预猜（说明文） 假如你是李明，你发现部分同学每次遇到重要考试，都会出现一些焦虑症状。请你用英语写一封信，向某学生英文报编辑反映该问题。信的内容应包括下列要点： 焦虑症状 建 议 头晕、乏力、睡眠不好、食欲不振等 1考前制定好合适的复习计划 2考试期间正常作息 3睡前洗热水澡、喝热牛奶等有助于睡眠 其他建议(内容由考生自己拟定) 注意：1.根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。 2.要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思； 3. 词数：100个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。 参考词汇：头晕dizzy(adj.) Dear editor, Im Li Ming of Senior Three, Guangming Middle School. Im writing to tell you about some symptoms of anxiety among us students before exams. _ _ _ Li Ming 范文 (One possible version) I am Li Ming of Senior Three, Guangming Middle School. I am writing to tell you about some symptoms of anxiety among us students before exams. Most of us feel nervous whenever were taking an important exam. Some will feel dizzy or tired, some will suffer from lack of sleep, and some will lose their appetite. In fact, all these symptoms have terrible effects on our exams and we are all eager to get rid of them. First of all, in my opinion, its important for us to have a fight attitude towards exams. They are only a means of checking how we are getting along with our studies, so there is no need to worry too much about the results. Study hard every day and make careful plans for every exam. In this way we can avoid suffering from the pressure of exams. Besides, enough sleep can make us energetic and enable us to perform well in an exam. Therefore, during the period of exams, we should not stay up too late. We can also try a warm bath or a cup of warm milk before going to bed. They might help us to have a sound sleep. (Wed better go out for a walk or do some outdoor exercises before and during an exam so that we can keep ourselves relaxed and then concentrate ourselves on exams.) 5. 书面表达热点预猜（5） 在紧张的高三备考阶段，英语老师为了提高复习效率，广泛征求学生意见。假如你叫张华，请根据以下提示，给英语老师写封信，表达你们的需求和建议。 适当放慢进度，留出思考时间 反复训练重要、易错知识点 指导方法 减少作业量以保证质量 给予更多鼓励 注意：1.根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。 2.要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思； 3. 词数：100个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。 Dear Mr. Wang, Were so pleased that you are willing to share our views. In the course of the general revision, what we need is solid foundation._ _ _ _ _ 范文 (One possible version) Dear Mr. Wang, Were so pleased that you are willing to share our views. In the course of the general revision, what we need is solid foundation. As you know, we didnt learn well enough in the first two years, so please slow down and make sure we have really mastered something. Besides, we need a little more time to think for ourselves. As for those important points which also make us confused, would you please give us more practice in case we forget? Meanwhile, we need your instruction, for example, in how to write in natural English. I still have another request: assign us less homework in order that we can do it more efficiently. By the way, we often feel frustrated, which has a very bad effect on our study. We would appreciate it if you would give us some encouragement from time to time. 6. 书面表达热点预猜（记叙文，图表作文） 假如你是中学生李华，你校同学上周末刚举行了一次英语演讲比赛，请根据下表内容，用英语写一封信给远在美国的笔友John，介绍这次活动的情况。 时间 地点 演讲者 评委 观众 上周六上午 学校操场 每班2名选手，共20人 5位英语（一）掌握技巧： （1）注意篇章结构，合理布局 开始部分（opening paragraph）说出文中的要点、核心问题。 正文部分（Body paragraphs）围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。 结尾部分（concluding paragraphs）对全文的总结和概括。 要做到全文中心突出、段落之间必须是有机地联系，内容完整、连贯。 前后呼应，祛除与主题无关的内容。 （2）确定主题句 主题句是对全文的概括，是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“画龙点睛”的作用。通常主题句出现在一篇文章的开头，而后，全文对主题句所提出的内容进行解释，扩展。 写主题句应注意以下几点： 归纳出你要写的文章的几个要点 提炼出一句具有概括性的话 主题句应具有可读性，抓住、吸引读者。（二）巧用连接词 要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词 表示罗列增加 First， second， third， First， then / next， after that / next， finally For one thing for another， On （the） one handon the other hand，Besides / whats more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also， Especially / In particular 表示时间顺序 now， at present， recently，after， afterwards， after that， after a while， in a few days，at first， in the beginning， to begin with， later， next， finally，immediately， soon， suddenly， all of a sudden， at that moment， as soon as， the moment form now on， from then on， at the same time， meanwhile， till， notuntil， before， after， when， while， as during 表示解释说明 now，in addition，for example，for instance，in this case，moreover furthermore，in fact，actually 表示转折关系 but，however，while，though，or，otherwise，on the contrary，on the other hand，in contrast，despite，in spite of，even though，except （for），instead，of course，after all， 表示并列关系 or，and，also，too，not only but also，as well as，both and，either or，neither nor 表示因果关系 because，because of，since，now that，as，thanks to，due to，therefore，as a result （of），otherwise，sothat，suchthat 表示条件关系 as （so） long as， on condition that， if， unless 表示让步关系 though， although， as， even if， even though， whether or， however， whoever， whatever， whichever， wherever， whenever， no matter how （who， what， which， where， when， whom） 表示举例 for example，for instance，such as，take for example 表示比较 be similar to，similarly，the same as，in contrast，compared with （to）just like，just as， 表示目的 for this reason，for this purpose，so that，in order to，so as to， 表示强调 in deed，in fact，surely，certainly，no doubt，without any doubt，truly，obviously，above all， 表示概括归纳 in a word，in short，in brief，on the whole， generally speaking， in my opinion， as far as I know， As we all know， as has been stated，as I have shown， finally， at last， in summary，in conclusion （三）掌握常用句型： 1. in order to 为了实现他的梦想，他学习非常努力。 He worked very hard in order to realize his dream. 2. in order that 她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。 She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 oclock 3. sothat 他们太累了，除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。 They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn. 4. suchthat 天气非常冷，以致于街上一个人都没有。 It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street. 5. would rather dothan do 他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。 He would rather listen to others than talk himself. 6. prefer doing to doing 他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。 He prefers making speeches after careful preparation. 7. prefer to dorather than do 比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。 Compared with women， men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping. 8. not onlybut also 在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。 In just three years， she had not only finished all the lessons， but also received her doctors degree. 9. eitheror 如果考试过关，你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩一趟。 You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam. 10. Neithernor 他是一个无聊的人，既不爱娱乐，也不爱读书。 He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading. 11. as well as 他善良又乐于助人。 He was kind as well as helpful. 12. as well 这个小孩活泼又可爱。 The child is active and funny as well. 13. Onethe other 你看见桌子上有两只笔吗？一支是红色的，另一支是黑色的。 Have you seen two pens on the desk？ One is red， the other is black. 14. Someothers 每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。 Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading， others are writing. 15. make+adj /n 我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。 What we do will make the world more bea