四级句子翻译讲解.doc

学英语 找长喜句子翻译巅峰讲座四级句子翻译共包括5个句子，每句长度大约在1530词之间。句子的一部分已用英文给出，要求考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语。所占分值比例为5%，考试时间为5分钟。 Lecture 1第一讲15大必熟常考考点汉译英主要测试考生对英语中基础语法以及重点句式、短语和词汇的掌握和运用。具体来看，包括以下知识要点：一、 虚拟语气虚拟语气是汉译英所考查的重要语法点之一。针对汉译英的特点，复习时应主要从以下几点着手：1 if引导的虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式虚拟条件句，又称非真实条件句，它所表示的假设是根本不存在或不可能发生的事情。其主、从句谓语的基本形式如下：表示时间if从句谓语形式主句谓语形式与现在事实相反were/ didwould/should/ might/ could + be/do与过去事实相反had been/ had donewould/should/ might/could+have been/ have done与将来事实相反should/ were to+be/ dowould/ should/ might/ could+be/ do2 主从句时间概念不一致的混合虚拟句有时候虚拟条件句针对的时间与主句针对的时间可能会不同，比如虚拟条件句是对过去情况的假设，主句表示的可能是对现在或将来造成的虚拟影响。如：If you hadnt played card with friends for the whole night yesterday, you wouldnt feel so sleepy now.（条件句是表示对过去的假设，而主句则是表示对现在可能造成的影响。）3 表示建议、主张、命令、必要性、重要性等概念的词语用于虚拟语气像suggest, require, order， advice,advisable等表示建议、要求、命令等含义的词语以及像important, necessary, imperative等表示重要性、必要性等含义的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后所接的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句的谓语动词一般要采用should do的形式，should常省略。如：It is advisable that they decide to buy that apartment.4 引出虚拟语气的常见介词、介词短语和连词常见的这类词有lest, in case, otherwise, without, but for等。如：But for your help, I couldnt have succeeded. 5 特殊的虚拟语气句型常见的能引出这类句型的词或短语有：wish, if only, would rather, as if, its (high/about) time that等。如：Its time that we did something to stop road accidents.【例1】（10-6-90）90. It is suggested that the air conditioner (要安装在窗户旁).【答案】(should) be installed by the window【解析】本题考查对虚拟语气的掌握。与表示要求、命令、建议等含义的动词(如require, urge, suggest等)连用的宾语从句或主语从句通常用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用should do的形式，should常省略。“在窗户旁边”常用by the window表示。【例2】（09-12-87）87. You would not have failed if you (按照我的指令去做).【答案】had followed my instructions 【解析】本题考查对虚拟语气的掌握。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟句中，从句谓语一般用had done的形式，主句谓语一般用would have done的形式。表示“按照指令”通常用follow ones instructions来表达。二、 非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式、现在分词和动名词以及不定式，复习时应主要从以下几点着手：1 非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来确定是采用现在分词还是过去分词，如果二者之间能构成动宾关系，一般用过去分词；如果二者之间不能构成动宾关系，而只能构成主谓关系，一般则用现在分词。如：Having finished the homework, Tom went out for a walk.（finish与其逻辑主语Tom之间是主谓关系，因此用了现在分词形式）2 非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系非谓语动词与主句谓语动词动作同时发生或不分先后发生时，用现在分词一般式或过去分词；非谓语动词动作在主句谓语动词动作之前发生时，用现在分词完成式或不定式完成式。 如：He is said to have been promoted for what he has done. (“被升职”明显发生在“据说”之前，故此处用了不定式的完成式)3 既可接动名词又可接不定式的动词有些动词后面既可接动名词又可接不定式，主要分为两类：一类接动名词时强调动作正在进行或当时的状态，接不定式时强调过程，如see, watch, hear等；另一类接动名词时表示动作已经发生，接不定式时表示动作还没发生，如remember, forget, regret等。 4 只能接动名词作宾语的动词常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：abandon, admit, advocate, allow, appreciate, avoid, bear, complete, consider, delay, deny, deserve, dislike, enjoy, escape, fancy, favor, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, postpone, prevent, practice, quit, recommend, resist, risk, suggest等。如：That criminal wore dark glasses to avoid being recognized. 5 只能接不定式作宾语的动词常见的只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, afford, arrange, appear, attempt, choose, claim, decide, expect, fail, hope, plan, prepare, offer, pretend, promise, tend, intend, happen, determine等。如：He was attempting to flee from the window when the police rushed into the house. 6 不定式的完成式表示“原计划或打算要做的事而没做” 有些动词后常接不定式的完成式，表示“原计划要做的事而没做”，常见的这类词有：claim, desire, mean, promise, hope, plan, wish, expect, intend, pretend等。如：Mr. Smith promised to have taken his children to go abroad for a holiday, but he was tied up by his job. 7 分词的独立结构如果分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，它就会带上自己的逻辑主语，这种结构叫作分词独立结构，这种独立结构有时会由介词with引出。如：(With) her eyes filled with tears, she didnt see the picture clearly. 8 动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构是由形容词性物主代词或名词的s所有格加上动名词构成。如：Her being late again made the teacher very angry.9 动名词的固定结构常见的动名词固定结构有：There is no doing(是不可能的); It is no use doing(没有用); have trouble / difficulty / a hard time/a good time (in) doing; On doing(刚一); cant help doing(禁不住);feel like doing(喜欢，想要); be used to doing(习惯于); be worth doing/be worthy of being done(值得); prevent/stop/keepfrom doing; be busy doing等。【例3】（10-6-87）87. Because of the noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty (集中注意力在实验上).【答案】(in) concentrating on the experiment【解析】本题考查对动名词固定结构的掌握。have trouble/difficulty (in) doing是一个固定结构，意为“做某事有困难”。“集中注意力”常用concentrate on表示。【例4】（新06-6-88）88. (为了挣钱供我上学), mother often takes on more work than is good for her.【答案】In order to finance my education【解析】本题考查对不定式作目的状语的掌握。不定式短语经常位于句首充当目的状语。in order to可以起到突出强调该目的的作用。表示“挣钱供”除了用finance以外，还可以用raise money to support。三、 倒装结构倒装表示强调或突出，分为全部倒装和部分倒装，部分倒装是指将助动词提前构成倒装，全部倒装则是将主谓完全倒装。复习时应主要从以下几点着手：1 能引起部分倒装的否定词或短语否定词或短语位于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装语序，常见的这类词语和短语有：never, little, seldom, nor, hardly，scarcely，rarely, not only but (also), in no case, in no sense, in no way, on no account, at no time, by no means, under no circumstances等。如Not only did I know her, but I was her best friend.2 as在倒装结构中的用法及意义as引导让步状语从句时必须将as所在句子的表语部分提前引起部分倒装。如：Young as he is, he has the ability to lead the team.3 if条件句的倒装if引出的条件句，尤其是虚拟条件句，可将should, were或had提前，构成部分倒装，此时if省略。如Had she come earlier, she could have seen the wonderful performance.4 hardlywhen和no soonerthan结构中的倒装hardly, no sooner为否定词语，位于句首时，其所在的句子应采用部分倒装；该句型中，主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时。如：Hardly had we reached the top of the hill when we all sat down to rest.5 “only+状语”引起倒装的用法“only+状语”（可能是副词、副词短语或状语从句）位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。如Only after the accident did he have his car inspected.【例5】（10-6-88）88. The manager never laughed; neither (他也从来没有发过脾气).【答案】did he ever lose his temper 【解析】本题考查对倒装结构的掌握。neither为否定词，在此意为“也不”，位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，由给出分句的一般过去时可知，译文也应该用一般过去时，故应将助动词did提到主语之前，构成部分倒装。表示“发脾气”常用lose ones temper，此处强调“从来没有”，故应加上ever，与前面的never相对应。【例6】（08691）91. (直到他完成使命) did he realize that he was seriously ill.【答案】Not until he had finished his mission【解析】本题考查对倒装结构的掌握。结合所给汉语和英语可知，本句意为：直到完成使命他才意识到自己病得很严重。英语中通常用“not until”表达“直到才”之意，而本句所给英语部分的did he realize为部分倒装，故否定词not应位于句首。另外还需要注意本句的时态，“完成使命”这一动作发生在realize之前，所以应使用过去完成时。四、 时态和语态英语中一共有16个时态，四级考试汉译英部分重点考查的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。考生在翻译时要注意抓住句子中的时间状语，判断其是表示现在、将来还是过去,是短暂时间还是延续性时间，从而确定译文的时态。语态问题虽然很少会单独考查，但它也是汉译英涉及的重要知识点之一，而且常常是考生容易忽略的一点，需引起重视。而且，语态问题不仅仅是针对谓语动词，非谓语动词的语态问题也同样重要。【例7】（07-6-89）89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete (决定退出比赛).【答案】decided to quit the match【解析】本题考查对时态的掌握。本句是在陈述一件已经发生的事情，所以应该用一般过去时，故谓语动词应该用decided。表示“退出（比赛）”一般用quit。【例8】（新06691）91. Though a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.【答案】he was fired by the company【解析】本题考查对时态及语态的掌握。由“他被公司解雇”可知，译文应采用被动语态；而根据last week可以判断，句子的时态应该用一般过去时。表示“解雇”也可以用discharge或dismiss。五、 名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句，复习时应主要从以下几点着手：1 引导名词性从句的关系词引导名词性从句的关系词有：that, whether, if（只起连接作用）；who(ever),whom(ever), what(ever), which(ever), whose（连接代词在句中充当主语、宾语或定语）；when, where, why, how（在句中充当状语）。2 几个重要的名词性从句关系词的用法that只起引导作用，不在从句中充当成分，也没有实际意义。引导同位语从句时一般只用that。如：The travel service agent explained that there were flights to Rome that morning. (that只起引导作用，在宾语从句中不充当成分。)what在从句中要充当主语或宾语。如：What seems easy to some people seems difficult to other people. (what在主语从句中充当主语)whatever/ whoever意为“无论什么/谁”，在从句中要充当主语或宾语。如：Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. (whoever在主语从句中充当主语)whether/if意为“是否”，只起引导作用，不在从句中充当成分。whether常与or (not)连用，if则一般不能与or (not)连用。如：Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen. (whether只起引导作用，在主语从句中不充当成分。此处不能用if代替whether。)3 从句的语序和时态一般来讲，从句都采用陈述语序，翻译时要注意区分从句和疑问句的不同语序。从句和主句的时态一般要保持一致性，尤其是宾语从句，翻译时要注意结合主句的时态来判断从句应该采用什么时态。如：John exclaimed with delight that she would simply love to go. (主句用了一般过去时，从句也使用了一般过去时。)但是，有时主、从句的时态也会不一致。如：The teacher told us today that the moon moves round the earth. (主句用了一般过去时，但从句内容是客观真理，因此用了一般现在时。)【例9】（09-6-90）90. (很多人没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular.【答案】What many people dont realize【解析】本题考查对主语从句的掌握。汉语中的“的”经常可以用what引导的主语从句来表达；由所给英文部分的一般现在时时态可知，译文也应该用一般现在时。另外，翻译时要注意句子应该用陈述语序。六、 定语从句定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，复习时应主要从以下几点着手：1引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who/whom, whose, as，在从句中作主语或宾语；关系副词有when, where, why，在从句中作状语。如：Any man who smokes cigarettes is, the doctor says, risking his health. The next day John went with me to the station, where I bought a ticket for Beijing.2 定语从句和同位语从句以及强调句型的分别区分定语从句、同位语从句和强调句型，关键是搞清that的不同作用。引导定语从句时，that要充当主语或宾语；引导同位语从句时，that只起引导作用，不充当任何成分；引导强调句型时，that也是只起引导作用，不充当任何成分，但有其固定的结构：It is/was+被强调的成分+that+句子其他成分。如：It is the fact that all of us have known. (定语从句)All of us know the fact that he is not a thief. (同位语从句)It is just because of the fact that he gave up this good chance. (强调句型)3 几个重要的定语从句关系词的用法that不能引导非限制性定语从句。通常只能用that的情况：先行词为all或anything, something, nothing等指物的不定代词时；先行词既包括人又包括（动）物时；先行词前有the only, the same, the last, the next, the very等修饰时；先行词前有序数词或最高级时。which能引导非限制性定语从句，先行词可以是一个单词，也可以是前面的整个句子。如：He missed the train, which annoyed him very much.介词前置时，充当介词宾语，代指物。如：The house, for which he really paid too much money, stands in a large garden.whose先行词与从句中的某个词有形容词性的修饰关系时，要用whose，表示“的”。如：I came across an old friend whose name had slipped my memory.as当“正如，正像”讲时，能引导定语从句。 注意区分as和which。as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首；as本身有含义“正如，正像”，which没有实际意义。如：David, as you know, is a photographer. as常与the same, such连用。如：He uses the same book as I read yesterday.【例10】（08-12-88）87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems (他们至今还没有答案).【答案】 to which they havent found solution / (that/which) they havent found solution to 【解析】本题考查对定语从句的掌握。分析句子结构可知，译文部分应该是many problems的定语，应该译为定语从句。“至今”表明时态要用现在完成时。表示“的答案”一般用solution to，先行词为problems，引导词在从句中是介词to的宾语，如果介词提到前面，那就只能用which引导，而不能用that引导；如果介词不提前，可以用which引导，也可以用that引导，也可以将which或that省略。七、 状语从句状语从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。针对汉译英的特点，考生在复习状语从句时主要应从以下几点着手：1 状语从句的分类状语从句根据其用途可以分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、比较、方式、让步等从句，考生在做题时首先要根据所给汉语判断译文应该是什么类型的状语从句，然后再选择合适的引导词来引导从句。2 各类状语从句的常用引导词从句用什么词来引导，引导词在句中充当什么成分，这些在翻译时应仔细考虑。从句类型常用连接词语时间when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, once, the moment/day/instant/ minute second, every time, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, then, meanwhile, subsequently, afterward, later地点where, wherever原因because, as, since, for, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that结果so, so that, so that, such that, such that目的so that, in order that, for fear that, lest, in case条件if, unless, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing that, as/so long as, on condition that, in case, only if, if only让步though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter, whetheror, admitting (that), granted/granting (that)方式as, as if, as thought, however, (in) the way (that)比较as, than【例11】（07-12-89）89. I am going to pursue this course, (无论我要做出什么样的牺牲).【答案】no matter what/ whatever sacrifices I have to make【解析】本题考查对让步状语从句的掌握。由所给汉语可知，译文应该是一个让步状语从句。表示“无论什么”可以用no matter what，也可以用whatever，其所修饰的名词一般要紧跟在what或whatever后面。表示“做出牺牲”一般用make sacrifices。八、 情态动词除了掌握一些情态动词的基本用法以外，汉译英中尤其要注意的是情态动词表示推测和表示虚拟的两种用法。1 情态动词表推测表示肯定推测，谓语用must do/ must have done的形式；表示否定推测，谓语用cant do/ cant have done的形式；表示可能性推测，谓语用might do/ might have done的形式。如：The old lady must have taken our luggage by mistake.2 “情态动词have done”表虚拟should have done表示“本应该做某事而实际上没有做”，shouldnt have done表示“本不应该做某事但实际却做了”，neednt have done表示“本来没有必要做某事但实际却做了”，could have done表示“本来能够做某事但实际却没做”。如：You neednt have dressed so warmly since the weather was hot. 【例12】（08-6-88）88. I cant boot my computer now. Something(一定出了毛病) with its operation system.【答案】must be wrong 【解析】本题考查对情态动词表推测用法的掌握。根据前一句的时态可知，本句是对现在的情况进行推测，故应该用must do的结构来表达。九、 主谓一致翻译时考生需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式，复习时主要应从以下几点着手：1 就近原则not onlybut also, neithernor, eitheror, whetheror等短语连接并列主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则，即与和其相近的名词的数保持一致。如：Not only the switches but also the old writing has been changed.2 集合名词作主语family, class, staff, committee, audience, party, board, team, government, council等集合名词作主语时，如果指集合体，谓语动词用单数；如果指组成部分，谓语动词用复数。如：The audience were enjoying every minute of the concert. (audience指“所有观众”)The audience was enormous. (audience指“观众数量”)3 “the +形容词”作主语the +形容词”常用来表示一类人，其后的谓语动词应采用复数形式。如：The disabled are getting more and more care. 4 某些代词作主语“neither/either of+复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Neither of the twin brothers has passed the exam. “many a/more than one+名词单数”作主语时，意义上是复数，但其后谓语动词应用单数形式。如：Many a student takes a parttime job in spare time. 5 and连接的成分作主语用and连接的成分作主语时，如表单一概念，其后的谓语动词用单数；如表不同的概念，其后的谓语动词用复数。如：The assistant and graduate student helps check the exercisebooks. (主语指一个人) The professor and his assistant are checking the exercisebooks. (主语是两个人)6 主语中含有某些连词时主语中含有如as well as, besides, in addition to, along with, together with, including, no less than, rather than等连词时，谓语动词的数同这些连词前面的名词保持一致。如：He, along with his children, is watching the football game. 7 非谓语动词短语或句子作主语非谓语动词短语或句子作主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数。如：How only one person has dealt with these heavy boxes is beyond our imagination. 【例13】74. Many a student (已经意识到学习一门外语的重要性).【答案】has realized the importance of learning a foreign language【解析】本题考查对主谓一致的掌握。“many a+名词单数”意为“很多”，虽然表达的是复数含义，但其谓语动词用单数。十、 并列结构eitheror，not onlybut also，butand，neithernor，notbut等连接的并列结构也是汉译英的重点考查内容之一，翻译时要注意并列成分形式上的一致性。【例14】（07-12-91）91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.【答案】is measured by how much they can borrow【解析】本题考查对并列结构的掌握。分析句子结构可知，整个句子由and连接的两个并列分句构成，所缺部分充当后一分句的谓语。表示“用来衡量”一般用be measured by；“他们能够借到多少”与how much they can earn（他们能够赚到多少）并列，故译文的结构也应该一致，如果忽略了这一并列结构，则很容易将其译成“the amount of money they can borrow”。十一、 强调句强调句的基本结构是：It is/ was +被强调成分+ that/ who+句子其他成分。做题时要根据所给汉语意思判断需要强调的部分，并注意句子的时态。如：It was because of the drivers carelessness that the accident happened.【例15】（08-12-88）88. (就是在这次事故之后) that he realized the importance of safe driving.【答案】It was after this accident【解析】本题考查对强调句的掌握。所给汉语中的“就是”以及句中的that提示，本句应该是个强调句，强调的是时间状语“在这次事故之后”，所给英文部分的一般过去时表明，译文也应该用一般过去时。十二、 祈使句祈使句常用于表示命令、要求、建议、鼓励等，一般要求以动词原形开头，句首或句尾常会加上please。汉译英中要求考生能够根据句子要表达的意思，使用正确的祈使句形式。如：Dont forget to hand in your paper since tomorrow is the deadline.【例16】（07690）90. To make donations or for more information, please (按以下地址和我们联系).【答案】contact us at the following address【解析】本题考查对祈使句的掌握。空格前的please提示该句应为祈使句，因此应该以动词原形开头。“与某人联系”一般用动词contact，“以下地址”通常表达为following address, 介词at与其一起构成介宾短语。十三、 it形式主语或宾语it充当形式主语的用法：当主语是不定式、动名词短语或从句时，为了让句子结构更加清晰对称，经常会用it充当形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句末。如：It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as humans.it充当形式宾语的用法：当动名词或不定式充当动词宾语，且后面又跟有宾语补足语时，要用it充当形式宾语，而将真正的宾语置于宾补之后。如：He made it his business to settle the matter .考生在答题时要注意理清句子结构，搞清各部分在句中所充当的成分，确定形式主语或宾语代替的是哪部分内容。【例17】The workmen think (遵守安全规则很重要).【答案】it very important to comply with/ follow the safety regulations 【解析】本题考查it充当形式宾语用法的掌握。分析句子结构可知，“遵守安全规则”应该是句子的宾语，“很重要”应该是对该宾语的补充说明，即宾补，按照英语语法规则，当动名词或不定式充当动词宾语，且后面又跟有宾语补足语时，要用it充当形式宾语，而将真正的宾语置于宾补之后，故译文应该将不定式短语to comply with/follow the safety regulations置于句末。需要注意的是，很多同学可能会将该句译为宾语从句，这从语法结构上看似乎没什么不对，但却不符合英语表达习惯，不够准确地道。十四、 比较句式汉译英中常涉及的比较句式有：Nothing is morethan（没什么比更）、asas同级比较、Just as（正如，正像）、no more/less()than（不过，仅仅）、morethan（与其不如）、compare A with B(把A与B相比)、in contrast to/with（与形成对比）等。另外，英语中表示倍数的句式也是汉译英的重点考查句式之一。英语中表示倍数的方法主要有：1 twice/three times等倍数词+比较对象如：Although he eats less, his weight is three times that of mine.（尽管他吃的少，但他的体重却是我的三倍。）2 twice/three times等倍数词+as+形容词或副词原级+as如：The population of City A is three times as many as that of City B. （A市的人口是B市人口的三倍。）3 twice/three times等倍数词+more(形容词或副词的比较级)+than。如：The population of City A is twice more than that of City B. （A市的人口比B市多两倍。）【例18】（09-12-91）91. The more exercise you take, (你越不大可能得感冒).【答案】the less likely you are to catch a cold【解析】本题考查对比较结构的掌握。所给英语中的the more以及所给汉语中的“越”提示我们，此处应用“the +比较级, the +比较级”的结构。表示“得感冒”可以用catch a cold、have a cold或get a cold来表达。【例19】（08690）90. (与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.【答案】Compared with the place where I grew up【解析】本题考查对对比结构的掌握。compare A with B意为“把A与B相比”，通常用来表达两种事物之间的对比，此处是将this town(A)和我成长的地方(B)相比，从句子结构来看，译文部分应该是分词短语作状语，而compare与其逻辑主语this town之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处应采用过去分词compared。“我成长的”应该是“地方”的定语，因此译成了定语从句，而“成长”这一动作明显发生在过去，故从句使用了一般过去时。十五、 not until句型not until意为“直到才”，until引导的是时间状语从句，not放到主句中。not until提到句首时，主句要采用部分倒装。另外，还要注意notuntil用于强调句的用法，并注意和倒装结构区分开。如：The girl didnt realize what the boy meant to her until he left for Italy. (正常语序)Not until he left for Italy did the girl realize what the boy meant to her. (倒装语序)It is not until he left for Italy that the girl realized what the boy meant to her. (强调句)【例20】（08-12-91）91. The antivirus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了它).【答案】until a doctor discovered it by chance【解析】本题考查对notuntil句型的掌握。所给汉语中的“直到”和所给英文部分的not提示，译文部分应该是until引导的时间状语从句。not until是固定句式，意为“直到才”。给出部分的一般过去时表明，译文也应该采用一般过去时。表示“偶然”常用by chance或by accident。即讲即练 Exercise 1 1.I wish I (今天早晨能多睡一会), but I had to get up and come to class.2. (杰克没准时到火车站) made all of us worried.3.Mr. Smith said that hardly (他一到家电话铃就响了).4.The fire (最终被控制住), but not before extensive damage had been caused.5.In the distance (能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声).Exercise 2 1.When a man is unfairly treated, what he can do is (要么争取自己的权利，要么试着去接受不公平的待遇).2. (不要告诉她真相), whenever you meet her in the future.3.Im sure they couldnt have arranged it; they (一定是偶然遇见).4.Mike was having a good dinner at home, (而他的父母却在田间劳作).5.(我父亲正是在这间实验室中) did the experiment yesterday evening.Exercise 3 1.Not that I dont like the film, (而是因为我没时间看).2.She (因经常旷工而被开除了).3.All these noises (使我无法继续工作).4. (他刚下火车) than his daughter ran towards him.5.The careless man received a ticket for speeding. He (不该开车这么快).Exercise 4 1.She was too shocked to accepted the fact (她丈夫死在了一场车祸中).2.The Smiths (需要一个比这个大两倍的车库).3.Once upon a time in China, many people were (被剥夺了受教育的权利).4.Scientists in that county are now supplied with necessary books, equipment and assistant, (以保证科研工作的成功).5.Some of the roads were flooded, (这使我们的旅程更为艰难).【答案与解析】Exercise 1 1【答案】could have slept longer this morning【解析】本题考查对虚拟语气用法的掌握。wish后跟从句时，表示与事实相反的情况或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其从句的谓语动词根据所表示的时间概念而采用不同形式：过去时（与现在事实相反）、过去完成时（与过去事实相反）或过去将来时（与将来事实相反）。本句中后一分句使用的是一般过去时，这就表明此处是与过去事实相反，故此处的时态应使用过去完成时。2【答案】Jacks not