2014八下unit1-10知识点及短语.doc

八年级下 unit8-10 知识点归纳1. Me neither 我也没有。【解析】在英语中，表示“也”的知识归纳如下： 主语 + neitherA. 否定句中的“也” neither +助动词/be + 主语 完整的否定句后加either，但要加逗号隔开。 He didnt go to school. 他没有去上学。Me neither. /Neither did I / I didnt go to school , either. 主语 + too B.肯定句中的“也” so +助动词/be+ 主语 完整的肯定句后加too，且要用逗号隔开。 He is a good student. Me too./So am I /Im a good student, too.2. Lets go to one tomorrow. 咱们明天去一个看看吧！【解析】 Lets 中的us 包括对方，反意疑问句用 shall weLets go and listen to the music, _? Let us 不包括对方, 反意疑问句用will youLet us wait for you in the reading room, _? Let sb. do sth 让某人做某事 （sb.应用人称代词的宾格形式）3. Lets go somewhere different today. 咱们今天去个不同的地方吧。【解析】形容词修饰不定代词/不定副词,放在不定代词之后。【注】somewhere 表达地点时， 前面不用介词。 Go and paly somewhere else.【拓展】不定副词：somewhere , anywhere, nowhere somewhere在某处用在肯定句中anywhere无论何处用在否定句或疑问句中nowhere在什么地方都不否定词，=notanywhereeverywhere各处，到处=here and there 【用法】：不定副词被定语修饰时，定语必须放在其后 eg. somewhere warm 暖和的地方X k B 4. 【反意疑问句】一、定义：即附加疑问句。表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。 二、结构： 陈述句 + 附加疑问句？ Its hot today ,isnt it ? 三、原则： 1.前肯后否，前否后肯 2.前名后代 3.时态一致 They work hard, dont they?5. They have information about different computers and who invented them. 那里有各式各样的计算机的信息以及是谁发明了它们。【解析】information信息；资料 【辨析】information/message/ newsinformation指电视、电脑或其它杂志等获得的信息，为不可数名词； a piece of information 一条信息 You can get much information on the Internet. message“消息、口信、电报” 指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息， 为可数名词； Ill leave a message for her. 我将为她留个口信。. news“新闻，消息”，指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息，为不可数名词。 a piece of news 一则新闻 【谚语】No news is good news 没有消息就是好消息 6. Its unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way! 真是难以置信，科技发展的竟然如此迅速。【解析1】unbelievable 难以置信的；不真实的（反）believe 【记】believe +able = believable 可信的 un + believable =unbelievable 难以置信的 That story is unbelievable.【解析2】progress v进步；进展n(不可数n) make progress 取得进步 make progress in 在.方面 取得进步 I have made much progress in English.7. It also encourage governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. （博物馆） 并且鼓励政府和社会团体来考虑一下未来改进厕所的方法。【解析1】 encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. in sth 在某方面鼓励某人例题：Jessicas parents always encourage her _ out her opinions. A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak【解析2】social 社会的 society n 社会 socialist 社会主意者 social problem 社会问题8. Its a relaxing and peaceful place near a lake. 它靠近湖，是一个令人放松和安静的地方。【解析】peaceful adj. 和平的，安宁的【拓展】peace n 和平 peaceful adj. 和平的 peacefully adv 和平地【拓展记忆】beauty n 美丽 beautiful adj. 美丽的 help n 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的 use n 用途 useful adj. 有用的 thank n感谢 thankful adj. 感激的 9. Watching them prepare the tea with the beautiful tea sets is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself. 看他们用漂亮的茶具来准备茶就像喝茶本身一样让人享受。【解析1】 tea sets 茶具 关于“茶” 你知多少？A. Tea sets 茶具 the tea art 茶艺 the tea art performance 茶艺表演B. Green tea 绿茶 black tea 红茶 milk tea 奶茶 Oolong tea 乌龙茶C. Make tea 泡茶 serve tea to . 给.敬茶【解析2】itself 它自己反身代词(1)反身代词的构成一、二人称的反身代词构成:形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves 第三人称的反身代词构成:第三人称宾格+self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数： themselves(2) 反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴by oneself =alone独自 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 help oneself to随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍hurt oneself 伤到自己 improve oneself 提高自己 look after oneself照顾自己 leave sb by oneself把某人单独留下lose oneself in 沉迷于 say to oneself 自言自语 for oneself 为了某人自己 dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣服 (3) 反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。12. On the one hand , more than three quarters of the population are Chinese , so you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of the time, on the other hand , Singapore is an English- speaking country , so its also a good place to practice your English! 一方面，华人占到了人口的四分之三还多，因此，大部分时间里你只要讲普通话就足够了。 另一方面， 新加坡是一个讲英语的国家， 所以这里也是一个你练习英语的好地方。【解析1】on the one hand ，on the other hand 一方面另一方面（On the one hand , parents should take good care of their children; on the other hand, children should respect their parents.【解析2】 three quarters 四分之三（分数表达法） 【分数词的表达法】: 1).结构: a).分子用基数词,分母用序数词.b).当分子大于1时,分母为序数词加s. = three fourths = three quarters 2).注意: 分数词的几种特殊形式.1/3one third = a third 1/4 one fourth = a quarter 1/2one second = a half 3/4 three fourths = three quarters 3).分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定. 不可数名词 +动词单三形式Two fifths of the milk _(be ) drunk by Tom .分数 + of + 可数名词 + 动词变复数形式One third of the students _(be )girls .10. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. 艾米想保留她的那些旧东西，因为它们能使她想起甜蜜的回忆。【解析1】keep （kept ; kept）保留keep 用法归纳如下： 一、用作系动词，意为“保持（某种状态）”，其后常接形容词作表语。 Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静！ 二、用作实义动词，. 保管；保存；保留 Please keep these things for me while I am away. . 赡养；饲养 I used to keep sheep in my childhood. 坚持；继续 接V-ing 形式作宾语。 If you keep practicing your spoken English, youll soon make great progress. 阻止；阻碍 keep sb/sth from doing sth 其中介词 from 不能省略。 The heavy rain didnt keep them from watching the football match. 保持。14Because I dont read it anymore . 因为我不用再读了。【解析】no more ;not anymore/ no longer ;not. any longer不再 词语同义词用法no longernot any longer强调时间或动作“不再延续” , 与延续性动词连用no more not any more强调数量和程度“不再增加” , 与非延续性动词连用 位置区别： 当修饰动词时，no longer通常置于be或行为动词前；no more一般置于行为动词后。 not. any longer与not. any more常置于句末。新 课 标 第 一 网He can no longer walk. = He cant walk any longerThe little girl no more cried. = The little girl didnt cry any more.16. We can often guess what a text is about by using what we already know.我们通常可以用原有的知识来猜测一篇文章写的是什么。【解析】by的用法：(1)by doing sth 通过方式 by studying with a group【注】介词短语作方式状语，回答以How开头的问句， 表示“怎样做”。I study English by _(listen) to the tapes(2) by+ 交通工具（交通工具前不能加限定词） by bike by train【短语】by the way 顺便问一下 by accident= by chance 偶然地 by mistake 错误地 one by one 一个接一个 step by step 一步一步地 little by little 逐渐地by the time 到为止 by oneself 独自地 by and by 不久之后 by hand 用手 by the end of 到. 末尾各单元重点短语 Unit81. on page 25 在第2 5 页 2. the back of the book 书的背面 3. hurry up 赶快;匆忙4. in two weeks 在两周之内 5. go out to sea 出海7. write about 写作关于的内容6. an island fu ll of treasures 一个满是宝藏的岛屿8. finish doing sth. 做完某事 9. wait for another ship 等待另一艘船到来10. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 11. grow fru its and vegetables 种水果和蔬菜 12. a few weeks ago 几个星期前 13. the marks of another man s feet另一个人的脚印14. not long after that 不久之后15. run towards sp. 跑向某地16. use. to do sth. 用来做某事 17. signs left behind by someone 某人留下的标记 18. read the newspaper 看报 19. science fiction 科幻小说 20. can t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地做某事 21. a good way to wake up 醒来的一个好办法 22.the number of people 人数23. used to do sth. (过去)常常做某事 24. study abroad 在国外学习25. make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 26. come to realize 开始意识到27. ever since then 自从那时起 28. the southern states of America美国的南部地区29. belong to 属于30. be kind to each other 善待彼此31. trust one another 互相信任32. the beauty of nature 大自然的美33. have been to sp. 去过某地34. do some research on sth. 对做研究35. hope to do sth. 希望做某事 36. see sb. do sth. 看到某人做某事37. the first line in the song歌曲的第一行 38. enjoy success in享受的成功39. at the end of the day傍晚的时候Unit91.at night在夜晚 2.in a more natural environment在一个更加自然的环境中3.all year round一年到头;终年 4.be far from 离远 5.in the dark 在黑暗中6.in the past 在过去 7.have been to sp. 去过某地 8.science museum 科学博物馆9.history museum 历史博物馆 10.amusement park 游乐园11.go somewhere different 去不同的地方 12.go skating 去滑冰 13.take the subway 坐地铁 15.all the old movie cameras所有的古老的电影摄影机14.a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon一个过周六下午的好方法16.learn about sth.了解有关.的情况17.on the weekend 在周末18.camp in the mountains 在大山里露营 19.put up a tent搭帐篷20.in such a rapid way 以如此迅猛的方式 21.different kinds of各种各样的 22.development of toilets 厕所的发展 23.social groups 社会团体 24.the tea art performances茶艺表演 26.a nice place to enjoy tea 一个品茶的好地方25.make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets用漂亮的茶具沏一杯完美的茶27.thousands of 数以千计的 28.International Museum of Toilets国际厕所博物馆29.the Terracotta Army 兵马俑 30.Southeast Asia东南亚31.Night Safari 夜间动物园 32.three quarters 四分之三33.an English-speaking country一个讲英语的国家34. have problem doing sth. 做某事很困难 35.during the daytime在白天 36.a couple of times 好几次 37.right now 现在；目前38.an amusement park with a special theme一个有特别的主题的游乐园39.walk around the park 在公园里到处走 40.hear of 听说 41.take a ride兜风 42.another province另一个省 43.the Birds Nest鸟巢 44. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事45. on the one hand. on the other hand.一方面，另一方面unit101.these days 目前;现在2.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着 3.in order to 为了4.so far 迄今;到现在为止 5.in need 需要 6.not. anymore 不再 7.welcome to sp_ 欢迎来到8.check out 察看;观察 9.board games 棋类游戏10.one last thing 最后一样东西 11.junior high school 初 级 中 学 12.clear out 清理 13.no longer 不再;不复14.toy monkey 玩具猴 15.part with 与分开 16.to be honest 说实在的17.ride a bike 骑自行车 18.have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会19.ones old things 某人的旧东西 20.bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆21.give away 捐赠 22.play for a while 玩一会儿 23.do with. 处置;处理24.search for work 找工作 25.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里26.the mid-20tH century 20世纪中期 27.stay the same 保持原状28.according to 依据;按照 29.in ones opinion 依看 30.in my time 在我那个年代Unit 7 Whats the highest mountain in the world?1. 数词+计量词+形容词(long, wide, deep, high, tall) 表示某物有多长,多宽,多深,多高The river is about 2,000 meters long. 2. the highest mountain in the world 世界上最高的山 3. the biggest desert in the world 世界上最大的沙漠4. one of the most endangered animals in the world 世界上最濒临灭绝的动物之一 one of +可数名词复数表示之中的一个 one of the boys 6. the population of . .的人口 注意:询问某地或某国有多少人口时，用what来提问.例如 What is the population of China?中国的人口是多少. 表示人口的多与少时不能用much 或 little 而是用large 或small.例如:India has a large population.印度人口众多.7. the height of 的高度 the length of 的长度 the speed of 的速度 8. mountain climbing 登山 9. all over the world 全世界12. lose ones life 失去某人的生命 11. the top of the mountain 山顶10. the southwestern border of China 中国的西南边界 13. because 后跟一个完整的句子,because of 后面跟名词或名词短语. 14. the second longest river 第二最长的河 the +序数词+形容词最高级+名词 表示第几最怎么样的什么东西 15. compare with 与什么作对比 16. more than =over 超过,多于 17. rain fall 降雨 18. water level 水位线19. eventually =at last = in the end = finally 最后 20. try to do sth 试图干某事,试着干某事21. stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth 阻止某人或某物干某事 22. fillwith 用把填满 be full of 里面充满了He fills the cup with water. 他用水把杯子装满. The cup is full of water.这个杯子里装满了水. 23. at the same time 同时 24. on the other side of the world 在世界的另一边25. get away from 从逃走 26. from bad to worse 越来越糟,变得更糟27. the+比较级,the+比较级 越就越 The more friends we have, the happier we will be. 28. natural disasters 自然灾害 29. the number of 的数量 a number of 许多的,大量的 30. once 一次或一倍 twice 两次或两倍 three times 三次或三倍 We bought three times as many books as they did. 31. in fact 事实上 32. be known as 作为而被知道34. on the edge of 在的边缘33. environmental organizations 环保组织 35. grow up 成长，长大 36. on ones own 通过自己，靠自己 He learns English on his own.37. as many/much as possible 尽可能多的 38. live a normal life 过正常的生活 39. nature resreves 自然保护区 40. continue to do sth 继续干某事41. national treasures 国宝 42. give support to 给支持Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains一、重点短语 1. work on doing sth. 致力于做某事 2. as soon as . 一就. as long as 只要3. once upon a time = long long ago 从前 4. continue to do sth. 继续做某事5. make sth. happen 使某事发生6.try to do sth. 尽力做某事 try doing sth. 试着做某事7. the journey to sp. .之旅8. tell the/a story 讲故事9. put on 穿上10. a little b it +adj.= a little + adj. = a bit + adj. = kind of + adj. 有点儿,有几分 a bit of + 不可数名词 = a little + 不可数名词 一些，一点11. keep ( on ) doing sth. 坚持做某事 12. give up ( doing sth.) 放弃（做某事）13. instead of 代替;反而 14. turn . into .= change .into.把.变成.15. marry sb. 与某人结婚 get married to sb. 嫁给/娶某人16. the main character 主要人物；主人公 17. at other times 在另外一些时候18. be able to 能;会 19. come out (书、电影等)出版20. become/ be interested in. 对感兴趣21. walk to the other side 走到另一边去 22. a fairy tale 一个神话故事23. the rest of the story 故事的其余部分 24. leave sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事25. make a plan to do sth. 筹划/计划做某事 26. go to sleep 去睡觉27. lead sb. to sp. 把某人领到某地 28. get lost 迷路 29. change ones plan 改变计划30. tell sb. to do sth. 叫某人做某事 31. in the moonlight 在月光下32. find one s way home 找到某人回家的路 33. the next day 第二天34. send sb. to sp. 派某人去某地 send sb. to do sth. 派某人去做某事 send sb. sth. = send sth.to sb. 把某物寄给某人35. remind sb. of sth. 使某人记起某物 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事36. fall in love with sb./ sth. 爱上某人 / 某物 37. put .into .把. 放进.里38. start doing sth. / start to do sth. begin doing sth./ begin to do sth. 开始做某事39. work on 从事于，致力于 work out 算出，制定出40. day after day and year after year 日复一日，年复一年41. take . away 把. 带走 42. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人43. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 44. walk through the city 穿过城市45. a good way to do sth. 做某事的好方式 46. solve a problem 解决问题47. neither of . 两者都不48. more than = over 超过，多余49. all over the world 全世界 50. cant stop doing sth. 情不自禁的做某事51. in the forest 在森林里 52. make a plan to do sth. 计划做某事 plan to do sth.53. go to bed 去睡觉 go to sleep = fall asleep 入睡 get up 起床 wake up 醒来54. get wood 捡柴火55. come back 回来 go out 出去 go out to do sth. 出去做某事56. never mind 别介意57. on the way to + 地点 在去某地的路上 on the way home 在回家的路上58. put on 穿上，上演 take off 脱下，（飞机）起飞二、重点句型1. what do you think about the story of Yu Gong? 你觉得愚公的故事怎么样？2. It doesn t seem adj . to do sth . I t doesn t seem very possible to move a mountain.把一座山给移掉好像不太可能。3. This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size, turning himself into different animals and objects.这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出72种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。4. so that+从句Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时候，他能够让他的金箍棒变得很小，以至于可以放在耳朵里。5. It take sb. some time to do sth .Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to the other side.这些（山）太高了，他们要花好长时间才能翻越过去。6 . not. . until十从句Don t eat it until you get to the forest. 你们到达森林之后才能吃。7. What a funny story. 多么有趣的故事啊！感叹句：表示惊讶，赞叹，赞美，遗憾等语气的句子！由what引导的感叹句what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：（1）. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What a big apple this is! What a fine day it is! What a pity! 多么遗憾啊！（2）. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！What kind women they are! What nice music it is!What fine weather it is ! 多么好的天气啊！由How引导的感叹句 how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！ How hard the worker are working! How clever the girlis!How quickly the boy is writing!注意：（1）what与how引导的感叹句，部分情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。What an interesting story it is!=How interesting the story is!what a beautiful building it is!=How beautiful the building is!What a hot day it is! = How hot the day is !（2）在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如：What a nice present!（省略it is） What a fine day!（省略it is） 多么晴朗的天呀！How beautiful!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语）Unit 5.What were you doing when the rainstorm came？短语及词组1.wait for等待 2. look for寻找/look up查找/look through快速浏览3. go off 消失 4. take a shower 洗澡 5. pick up接电话6. make sure 确保，确信 7. have fun doing玩得开心 8. fall asleep入睡，睡着9. die down逐渐变弱 10. wake up 唤醒 11. in a mess乱七八糟12.clean up 打扫干净 13.in times of difficulty在困难时期 14. take photos拍照 15. play the piano弹钢琴 16.turn on打开/ turn off关掉 / turn up调小 /turn down调大17. right away= at once立刻，马上 18. have a look 看一看 19. get to/ reach/ arrive at(in)到达 20. because of=thanks to 由于，多亏21. make ones way to swh.奋力向前 22. in silence沉默地，无声地 23. take down 摧毁，拆卸 24. tell the truth 说实话 26. go away消失，离开25. point out指出/ point at指着 /point to指向 27. as well =too也 28. call out 喊出 29.at the time of. 在时 30.with no light没有光亮 31.walk home步行回家 32.miss the bus错过公共车, 32.rain heavily=a heavy rain雨下得大, 34.a piece of wood一片木块 35.by the side of the road在路边 36.walk by走过, 路过 37.no wonder不用怀疑38.at the school basketball competition.在学校篮球比赛时 39.be hurt被伤到, 受伤 40.cheer sb. on, 41.in history在历史上 42.on that day在那天 43. be killed被杀 44.the rest of剩余的,其余的 45.be helpful有帮助 、用法集萃1.be busy doing sth. /be busy with sth. 2.see/notice/watch/find /hear/feel sb. doing sth.3.see/notice/watch/find /hear/feel sb. do sth. 4.begin/ start to do sth.5.have trouble/ problem/ difficulty (in) doing sth.、重点句型1.What were you doing at eight last night? I was taking a shower2.What was she doing at the time of the rainstorm? She was doing her homework.3.What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily?When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.4.While Linda was sleeping , Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.5. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was very afraid.、知识点1.wind可以用strong ,much, little 等. rain常用heavy，heavily修饰。eg; Autumn is a windy seasons and the wind is blowing strongly. It is raining heavily, it is a heavy rain.2. beat/ win beat 打败, 战胜,后接(比赛,战斗, 辩论等的对手) 人或集体.Win打败,赢, 战胜,后接(比赛,战斗,辩论,奖品,钱等)事或物.Eg: I can you at swimming. Can you the volleyball match in the end?3. call at 在几点打电话: call sb/. /call sb. up /ring sb. up / give sb. a call / give sb. a ring / make a telephone to sb. / telephone sb. 给某人打电话4. no + 单数名