牛津英语学习笔记 8B Unit 1-2.doc

牛津英语学习笔记 8B Unit 1一. (1)易错单词及重点单词.passed past; present parent; wife wives; realize; reduce; alone along; century; developed developing development; feel fall(2)复数：lifelives; wifewives; knifeknives; loafloaves; leafleaves; shelfshelves; wolfwolves; thiefthieves(3)过去式, 过去分词：throwthrewthrown; sewsewedsewn; blowblewblown; fallfell-fallen; fellfeltfelt; 二. 重要单词用法. 1.past: 1) n. in the past过去时; 2) adj. in the past few years现在完成时; 3) prep. half past one 4) adv. walk past sp. - He was the first to pass the finishing line. He passed the finishing line. He was first past the finishing line. 2.present: (n) the past, the present（现在）and the future at present= right now= at the moment present= gift礼物present: (v) - presentation (n) the presentation of cup and medals present sb with sth.- sb be presented with sth. 3.since: (prep) :自-以来; 既然: since 1984 ; since 3 years ago since过去的时间过去的状语从句 一段时间ago - How long has your uncle lived here? - Since 1980.two years ago. (conj) - He has lived here since he was born. Since（既然）everyone is here , lets begin the meeting. 4.south (n)- southern (adj) north- northerneasteastern west- westernsouth north east west of- The zoo is (to the ) north of the station.in the south of- : Guangzhou is in the south of China.to the south of- : Wuxi is(to the) south of Taizhou.on the south of- : Jiangsu is on the south of Shandong. 5.till until: (prep) until midnight; at midnight - The restaurant is open until midnight. (conj) She waited until her mother came back. Dont get off the bus until it stops.till until (时间)； up to (数字)：直到-not- until-: 直到-才- （主将从现） 6.marry (v)- married (adj) - marriage: (n)marry sb; get married (to-); marry A to B; be married (to-)celebrate their fifteen years of marriage- They have been married for ten years. They got married two years ago. When did he get married? - marry her? -get married to her? 7.wife- wives (复数) More than one wife is-: 不只一个妻子-(谓语动词用单数) 8.turn (v)- turning (n)拐角处take turns to do sth.; Its ones turn to do sth.turn to page 5 ; turn red greenturn right at the first crossing= take the first turning on the right 9.use:z ( v). - use:s (n.) - useful useless: s (adj) be in use= be in service - The railway station has been in service since 2002. use-to do- - We use wood to make paper. sth. be used to do - Wood is used to make paper. use- for doing - We use wood for making paper. sth. be used for doing - Wood is used for making paper. beget used to doing: 习惯于做- used to do sth: 过去常常做某事- My grandpa used to read newspapers after supper, but now he is used to going walking. 10.waste: (n) a waste of time(浪费时间)； talk to him is a waste of timedump its waste into the river 11.pollute: (v)- pollution: (n)-polluted:( adj) pollute the river; polluted water; water air noiselight pollution take action to reduce the pollution 12.open: (v)- open: (adj) havehas been open close: (v)- closed: (adj) havehas been closed open close the door; keep the door open closed- The factory opened five years ago.- The factory has been open for five years. 13. (1) a little a little a bit a little bit hungry a bit 原级比较级 -easier a little bit (2) a bit of 不可数名词= a little-: a little a bit of water (3) not - a bit= not at all: 一点儿也不 （4）not- a little= very: 非常 14.lonely: (adj) 作表语定语alone: (adv) 作表语状语 alone= on ones own= by oneselffeel lonely; a lonely house; be alone; live alone- He lives alone in a lonely house, but he doesnt feel lonely. 15.interview sb= have an interview with sb. 16.luck: (n)- lucky: (adj) - luckily: (adv) -luckierluckiest -more luckily the most luckilygood luck bad luck; wish you good luck; good luck to sb with sth.- Luckily, he was not badly hurt. 17.from time to time= at times= sometimes: 有时候 at all times= all the time: 总是，一直 18.用于现在完成时的词：ever never just before already yet since recently over (in) the past(last) few years 19.(1)develop (v): 培养 develop the habit of doing-； develop the plants that can grow on Mars(2)developed (adj):发达的 - America is a developed country;less developed:欠发达的(3)developing (adj)发展中的 - China is a developing country(4)development (n) - with the development of - 20.lend- lent- lent lend sb sth= lend sth to sb. borrow sth from sb - You can borrow any book from the library, but you cant lend it to others. 21.relax: (v)- relaxed : (adj) relaxing: 令人放松的 - The relaxing music makes me relaxed. 22.feel: (v)- feeling: (n)feelfeltfelt; fallfellfallenhave the same feeling; create a feeling of harmonyfeel relaxed; hurt ones feelings 23. advantage disadvantage (可数) the advantages of doing sth. 24. recent adj.(指时间) in the recent photo(近照) recently adv. 25. realize:(v)实现意识到-realistic:(adj)现实的 realize the importance of doing sth. realize ones mistakeseg: I realized my dream.= My dream has been realized.=My dream has come true. 26. with the development of science and technology:随着科学技术的发展 27. Fathers Day父亲节; Parents meeting家长会: 28. in:表示在内部； on:表示接壤； to:表示不包含不接壤 29. What problems do they have to solve (solve)? - solving (solve）-?复习Page 8-11 , Page 21-22三. 重点短语及句型.下象棋: play Chinese chess 在不同时代: at different times空地: open space 结婚:get married在某些方面:in some ways 在小学:be in primary school下棋: play chess 在-的南部:in the southern part of-变化很大:change a lot 时常，偶尔:from time to time单独:be alone=all by oneself 带来很多好处:bring many advantages 投入使用:be in serviceuse 过着现代化的生活:live a modern life有同感:have the same feeling 引起许多问题:cause many problems采取措施减少污染: take action to reduce the pollution变成一个新名胜:become a new interesting place将这个地方变成公园:turn the place into a park出国深造:go abroad for further studyeducation.四. 词汇短语. 1.marry: (vtvi) marry sb; get married (to sb-); be married (to sb-); marry A to B -He and she have got married. Janes going to marry John. He is married to a famous writer. 2.turn: turn- (from A ) into B - Water turns into ice when it freezes. Now the school has turned intobecome a supermarket. 3.miss : (1) The post office is 100 metres along this road, you cant miss it. (2）miss a meeting a class the train the chanceto do sth.错过做-的机会 (3)miss sb. miss sb very much miss doing sth= fail to do sth. 错过做- 4.please : (v) pleased：（adj）指人 pleasant: (adj)指物pleasure: (n)be pleased to do； be pleasedsatisfied happywith ：对-满意sth please sb: 某物使人高兴-The news pleased us. made us pleased.-1) Thank you for your help. -Its amy pleasure不用谢-2) Can you help me? -With pleasure.很乐意-3) What pleasant weather it is!-4) (It is adjto do sth.)Its pleasant to do sth.= Its a pleasure to do sth. 5.pollute (v) - We must stop the river from being polluted. pollution to live a happy life.（表目的） pollution (n)- air noise water pollution 6.lonely alonea lonely village-He is alone, but he never feels lonely.Her mother doesnt allow her to go out alone. 7.although: (conj) - Although he said they were married, Im sure they arent. （注：although 不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用） - Although he was only ten, (yet) he knew a lot. 8.change :1)(n) a physical change:物理变化； a chemical change:化学变化 2)(v) Our city has changed a lot. 9.surprised: (adj) - Were all surprised to hear the news. surprising: (adj) - a surprising result - He was surprised at the surprising news. surprise: (v) . - What he said surprised me.= made me surprised. surprise: (n) - in surprise; in fear; in danger to ones surprise fear joy happiness sadness 10.feeling: (n) a feeling of hunger joy danger- have no feeling of others feelings:(复数) hurt ones feelings. 11.cause: 1)vt. （cause sb to do sth. 使某人做-）- The cold weather caused the plants to die. Shes always causing troublemake trouble for people. My car has caused me a lot of trouble. 2)n.原因 the cause of stress（原因）= the reason for sth（理由）.; 五句型： 1. not-any more - I dont want to play with you any more. - People often ask me to spell my name and now I dont want to spell my name any more 2.I have known it since I was very young. I have heard of Liu Huan since I was very young. 3.It be adj (for sb) to do sth.- It has become very difficult to see my old friends. - Its nice to have open space and pretty gardens.- Its good to drink a cup of water after you get up in the morning. 4 .Im happy that my mother has free time in the morning now. Im happy that you have come. 5.It used to be the home of many wild animals.He used to be a history teacher.He used to live in the country（农村）.There used to be a park near our school.六 写作. 以The changes to my hometown为题写一篇短文. 提示：1.对家乡的过去作简单 2.谈谈家乡现在的变化3.畅想家乡的未来牛津英语学习笔记8B Unit2一. 单词.symbol fantastic include:(v) including:(prep) speed excitement harm experience meaningful abroad endless二. 短语.1. bring-with-: （反）take- with-; carry - with-2. go hiking; go jogging:慢跑（jogjoggedjoggedjogging）3. see the beautiful view4. at the entrance to sp.5. at high speed:高速; at low speed:低速; at top speed:疾速; at full speed:全速 at the speed of-:以-速度：6. through the whole ride7. such as8. in all总共9. scream with excitement10. all year round11. a meaningful experience12. travel abroad13. be excited about-14. have a birds-eye view of:鸟瞰15. cultural centre:文化中心三. 句型.1. go on a trip to sp. go on holiday go to Japan for a holiday2. It must be fun. 3. Can I join you?4. cant stop doing:忍不住做-5. What do you think was the best part of that day?6. some time一段时间 sometime某时 some times几次 sometimes有时侯四. 复习单词表. （一）容易错的单词及重点单词： fantastic performer magic harmfulless hopeless endless conference(会议) (have a conference) culture marriage motorcycle experience meaningful (二) 重要单词的用法：1.symbol: (n) 象征- The Great Wall is a symbol of China. A dove(鸽子)is a symbol of peace. 2.fantastic: (adj) 极好的，美妙的 have a fantastic great good nice wonderful time (doing sth.)过得愉快 = enjoy oneself( in ) doing-3.(1) include: (vt) 包括- Disneyland includes four different parks. (2)including: (prep)包括 (常引起一个解释性的短语) (-, including him and me)- Zhalong is the home of a lot of plants and animals, including different kinds of birds.4.enter: (vt)=comego intoentrance :(n) the entrance to sp; the exit from sp.- How many entrances does the cinema have? Take photos in front of the fountain at the entrance.5.speed: (n) 速度 move at high full low top speed; at the speed of-The car goesmoves at a speed of 50 kilometres per hour. Space shuttles travel at half the speed of light.6.ride: (n) (乘车或骑车的)短途旅行 Scream and laugh through the whole ride7.excite:- excited exciting: (adj)-excitedly: (adv)- excitement: (n) - Are you excited to see the exciting match?- He screamed excitedly with excitement.8.harm: (n)- harmful harmless: (adj) do harm to-= be harmful to-; do no harm to-= be harmless to- does harm to - Smoking is harmful to your health. is bad for - Dont be afraid, the snake is harmless.9.(1) endless: (adj) 无尽的- The line of people outside Space Mountain was endless. I hate his endless talk. (2) ending: (n) 结尾 have happy endings- People dont like the plays with sad endings.10.noise: (n)-noisy noiseless: (adj)- noisily: (adv) noisynoisiernoisiest- The noisy students are making much noise in the classroom noisily. School is over and the whole school is noiseless.11.hope: (vn)- hopeful hopeless: (adj)- hopefully: (adv) hope to do sth.; hope 句子12.use: (v)- useful useless: (adj) a useful suggestion; a useless dictionary13.clapclappedclapping: 鼓掌- The teacher clapped his hands to make the students quiet.14.(1)experience: 经历(可数)- He often tells me about his experiences as a young man. This is a happy experience Ill never forget. (2)experience: 经验(不可数)- He has much experience of teaching English, (3)experienced: (adj) 有经验的 have experience in doing sth. of sth.an experienced teacher; be experienced in sthdoing15.mean :(v)- meaning: (n)- meaningful meaningless: (adj)16.marry: (v)- marriage: (n) ( celebrate ones fifteen years of marriage ) marry sb= get married to sb, 结婚: get married: (瞬间) be married: (延续) - They got married 2 years ago. It means they have been married for years.17.abroad: (adv) go travel be abroad18.culture: (n) 文化- cultural: (adj)文化的 The cultural centre of HongKong The history of culture of China 19.tie: (v)tiedtiedtying tie-to-: 把-绑在-上; tie a tie (n):系领带; wear a tie:戴领带 tie it them up; tie ones shoes20.sail: (v)- sailing: (n) sailor: 水手 去航海: go sailing - Sailing is my favourite sport.五. 重点短语及句型.(1)汉译英1.带某人出去几天:take sb out for a few days 2.参观中国园林:visit Chinese gardens3.向游客们挥手:wave to the visitors 4.欣赏美丽的风景:enjoy the beautiful views5.观看游行:see the parades 6.把所有的东西带在身边:take everything with sb.7.世界之窗:Window of the World 8.给我堂弟买纪念品作为礼物:buy some souvenirs for my cousin9.开始计划这次特殊的法国之旅:start to plan the special trip to France 10.忍不住拍了很多照片:cant stop taking a lot of photos11.在我旅行的第二天:on the second day of my trip 12.(人排成的)队伍:the line of people 13.下午晚些时候:later in the afternoon (2)重点词组及句型归纳及用法.1. nice and= very 非常- My house is nice and large. The air today is nice and clean.2. cant stop doing sth.= cant help doing sth.: 忍不住做某事- I couldnt stop taking photos with them because they all looked so nice and cute. 区别: 1) 迫不及待做某事: cant wait to do sth. 2) 等不及-: cant wait for sth.3.Where are you going? - Im going on a trip to South Hill.4.It must be fun. Can I join you?5.I dont think itll be a holiday for me.6.such as: 用来列举同类中的人或物, 后跟名词或名词短语for example: 用来列举整体中的一个例子. -I like many sports, such as running, swimming, playing basketball and so on. Noise, for example, is a kind of pollution as well.7.疑问词do you think 陈述句语序 ?- What do you think makes made him so sad? When do you think he bought a computer last year? What do you think was the best part of that day?8.seem(好象似乎): 三种用法 (1)seemadj: (系表结构) (2)seem to do sth. (3)It seems (that) 从句- He seems angry.= He seems to be angry.= It seems (that) he is angry.- It seems (that) he hasnt come back yet. 9.some time: 一段时间 sometimes: 有时候 sometime: 在某个时候 some times: 几次- I havent seen him for some time Hell come to see me sometime next time. He has played the computer games some times a few times. He sometimes plays the computer games.10.Spring is the best time for visiting Chinese gardens. to visit Chinese gardens.11.Do you have many ideas about what to do for May Day holiday?12.I hope to meet him there during this May Day holiday.13.all year round: 一年到头, 终年= the whole year- We can go to the shopping centres in Shanghai all year round.14.可能有: there may be- 一定有: there must be- My watch doesnt work. There may be something wrong with it. = Maybe Perhaps there is something wrong with my watch.- The light in the classroom is on. There must be someone in it, isnt there?15.in any season:在任何季节; at any time:在任何时候16.The performers all wore different costumes and waved to people while they marched across the park singing and dancing all the way.17.The children clapped and screamed with joy when they saw their favourite characters.18.It was really wonderful to have a birds-eye view of Hong Ko