阳江-初中英语知识点--非谓语动词.doc

阳江-初中英语知识点第十三第九章-非谓语动词. 课标考点解析1. 非谓语动词要求掌握A. 动词不定式的用法。B. 动名词的用法。C. 动名词做表语。D. 分词做宾语补足语。E. 既接不定式又接动名词，但意义不一样的。F. 过去分词做定语。G. 常考句型注意：非谓语动词是中考的一项重点考查内容。非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是做谓语的动词形式。动名词，分词，不定式都是非谓语动词，由于它们不充当句子的谓语，不受主语的限制，也没有时态和语态，所以又称为非限定动词。2. 中考命题方向A. 试题的热点：非谓语动词是中考中非常重要的考点之一。分词做定语，动词不定式中to的省略以及及物动词后接动词不定式和接动名词的意义差别都是近年来中考试题中考查的重点内容。B. 试题的特点：对于这一块，中考中所占分数较多。一般为10-15分左右。题型多为单项选择题，完形填空题和作文题中。C. 试题的趋势：非谓语动词最容易与谓语动词混淆在一起。纵观这几年的中考试题，可以看出以后，会在选择题，看图填词中考查以上各类动词时态的基本用法。3. 考试策略点拨A. 动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成，与现在分词的形式一样。但动名词具有名词的性质，因此可以在句中做主语，表语，宾语和定语等。B. 动名词与现在分词的辨析。C. 注意一些非谓语动词的特殊的用法。D. 要求学生记住一些常考句型。中考试题演练（二）中考非谓语动词知识演练1. As we know, many people do well in _ but bad at giving back.17A. lendingB. keepingC. borrowingD. using2. Doctor Wang often asks us _to much eat.A. dont eatB. not eatC. not t o eatD. doesnt eat3. From that time on, many practiced _the piano everyday.A. playsB. playing C. playedD. to play4. -What is wrong with you?-I am having trouble _ who has taken my book.A. findingB. looking forC. finding outD. looking up5. They havent decided _to go there for a field trip this weekend.A. howB. whyC. whereD. why.E.6. -Please remember _the light when you leave the office.-Ok, I will.A. to turn offB. turning offC. to turn onD. to close7. She said she really didnt know _.A. what should she doB. to do whatC. how to doD. what to do8. I saw him _basketball with Jack an hour ago.A. playsB. to playC. playedD. play（三）二：考点解析和习题检测1. 动词不定式1. 不定式的构成：to+动词原形形式其否定形式：not to+动词原形。Eg: He wants to go swimming this afternoon. He told his sister not to play computer games.具体用法：A 作主语：常用it作形式主语，而把动词不定式放在后面。Eg: To learn English well is very important. It is very important to learn English well.B. 作宾语。后面常见的跟动词不定式做宾语的动词有：Want/hope/like/refuse/decide/agree/learn/start/begin/would like/seem/plan/fail/choose等Eg: We decide to visit the Great Wall together. I fail to pass the College Entrance Examination. She would like to drink a cup of coffee. My father chose to stay in Shenzhen.C. 作宾语补足语。 Ask/order/tell/allow/invite/wish/warm/get/teach/encourage/help等。Eg: My teacher asks me to take a seat at once. His father often encourages me to study hard.D. 动词不定式短语可以放在不及物动词（如：come, go, travel, leave, run等）以及一些表语形容词（如：sorry, glad, surprised, disappointed, excited等）后做目的状语，原因状语，或结果状语。Eg: I am sorry to hear that. He is glad to meet you here.典型例题：1. She was surprised _ me last night.A. to seeB. seeC. sawD. seeing解析：A。一些表语形容词后常用动词不定式的形式。2. A lot of university students in GuangZhou city want _ something for the Asian Games.A. to doingB. doC. doingD. to do解析：D。want后可以直接用to do作宾语。常接动词不定式的形式。3. Our teacher always tells us _(speak) more English in and out of class.解析：to speak. tell后面用动词不定式做宾语补足语用tell sb to do sth的形式。4. She asks me _my father her secret.A. to telll n otB. not to tellC. dont tellD. not tell.解析：B。 考查动词不定式的否定形式。not to+动词原形。5. -Linda, I am very thirsty.-Lets go to t he nearest supermarket.A. buyB. boughtC. to buyD. buying解析：C。 根据句意：让我们去最近的超市，买点喝的东西吧。好吗？此句中需要动词不定式的形式作目的状语。2不带to的动词不定式A使役动词。Let/make/have/getEg: He made his little son cry just now.B. 感观动词。Watch/see/notice/look at/listen to/ hear/feelEg: We saw them go out of the classroom,.C. 帮助: help.(可省略to，也可以不用省略)Eg: I help you carry these bags.E. would you please/ had better/ why not/would rather(宁愿)Eg: You had better clean the classroom now.注：使役动词，感观动词，后面常用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语时，但是在变被动语态后，其不定式前的不定式符号to补回。Eg: My father made him repair my computer.典型例题：1. She makes me_ at the stadium every Sunday afternoon.A. danceB. dancedC. to danceD. dancingE.解析：A。考查使役动词的用法。Make sb do sth属于固定搭配。Make后面常跟不带to的不定式结构。2. Linda was very sorry for being late. But the teachers smile made her_better.A. feelB. to feelC. fallD. to fall解析：A。 考查使役动词的用法。Make sb do sth 中do 前无to.因为make是使役动词，其后不定式做宾语补足语，省去动词不定式的形式。 3. -Do you often hear John _ in his room?-Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room.A. sing; to singB. singing; singingC. sing; singingD. to sing; singing解析：C。考查感观动词。Hear sb do sth. 固定搭配，强调一个结果。从下文中的listen!可得出，动作是正在进行，故用ing形式。4. The girl was often heard _ happily in her room.A. singB. to singC. singingD. sings解析：B。含有不带to的不定式的句子变成被动语态时，要在动词原形前加to.习题操练1. 我希望看见那位著名的科学家。_2. 他们计划下个星期去看世博会。_3. 我决定帮助他学习英语。_4. 彼此之间的相互学习是非常必要的。_5. 老师叫我上课别迟到了。_6. 妈妈允许我晚上出去和同学吃饭。_7. 我让我的学生早点来教室。_8. 我刚刚看见一个老人穿过马路。_9. 我们跑过去欢迎来自于美国朋友。_10. 我感觉有人在偷我的手提包。_Part two: 填空题1. He w as sorry _(miss) the train.2. Tell him _(not wait) for me at the railway station any longer.3. My friend advised me _(see) a doctor tomorrow.4. Dont let the little boy _(go) out alone at night. He is too young to look after himself.5. They were made _(work) day and night.6. He is often seen _(play)basketball on the playground.7. Would you please _(make)your bed?8. You had better _(go) to bed early, for you have to pick you up at the airport tomorrow.9. I like to watch those young boys _(jump and swim)10. He said he would rather _(not stay) at home.3. 疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式可以用疑问词what, how, when, where, which等之后，做主语，宾语或宾语补足语等。Eg: Do you know how to get to the Zoo?典型例题-Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when _ for London?-Yes, tomorrow morning.A. leavingB. leavesC. to leaveD. are you leaving解析：C。 由题意知，when引导的是一个宾语从句。选项A, B缺少主语，可排除。选项D的语序不是陈述句的语序。习题操练1. 我不知道给妈妈买些什么。_2. 让我们问他什么时候去看电影。_3. 你能告诉我在哪儿买书包吗？_4. 你能够告诉我最近的电影院在哪儿？_5. 问题是怎样到达那儿？_6. 他告诉你为什么起这么早了呢？_4. 常考句型1. Why not do?为什么不做?2. Why dont you do ?你为什么不做.?3. what/how about doing sth? 做.怎样？4. Would/Will you please(not) do.? 请问你（不）愿意做.?5. Prefer to do.rather than do=would rather do.than do. 宁可做.，而不愿意做.6. .too+adj/adv+for sb to do sth. 太.而不能做.7. adj/adv+enough to do sth 足够做8. It is time for sb to do sth 该是做.的时候了9. It takes/took sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间10. think/find/feel/make it +adj + to do sth. 认为做某事对于某人来说.11. It is adj+of/for sb+to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说.12. have/get sth done 使某事被做13. Do/Would you mind doing.? 你介意做.吗？14. There is no time to do sth. 没有时间做某事了。典型例题1. -May I listen to the music here , Mr. White? -Sorry, you had better _it like that.A. not to do B. not doC. dont doD. not to doing 解析：B。had better后+动词原形形式。否定形式是直接在动词前加not.2. It is a good habit _ a walk after dinner.A. to comeB. to beC. to takeD. to go解析：C。 考查的是to do 做真正主语的用法。散步: take a walk.3. She preferred _a walk along the river rather than _TV.A. takes; watchesB. taking; watchingC. to take; to watchD. to take; watch解析： D。prefer to do sth rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事。4Would you please _me a chair _?A. give; to sit onB. give; to sitC. giving; sitD. to give; sit on解析：A。 Would you please 后面动词用原形形式。排除C,D。坐在椅子上，用介词 on.习题操练：1 Tim太小了而不能去上学。_2 你已足够大能自己照顾自己。_3 是大家一起努力工作的时候了。_4 没有时间再和你讨论了。_5 我认为保持一个良好的心态是非常重要的。_6 你犯那样的错误真是太傻了。_7 学习普通话对于广东人来说太困难。_8 请问你愿意参加他的生日晚会吗？_9 为什么不早点来呢？_10.步行去机场需花费我两个半小时的时间。_5. 动名词的用法动名词由“动词原形+ing”构成。具有名词的性质，在句子中做主语，宾语，表语和定语等。有些动词或短语后面必须用动名词做宾语，而不能跟不定式。动词后用ing形式：Mind/finish/practice/keep/suggest/consider/enjoy/miss/mind/Eg: He finished designing this bridge. Do you mind opening the window?动词短语后面用动名词做宾语：Be busy doing/cant help/be used to/give up/look forward to/cant keep/be worth/feel like/be interested in/be good at/go on/ keep on/thanks for/pay attention to/Eg: She has a lot of difficulties learning French. I am interested in reading the books.典型例题：1. The little girl enjoyed _ TV very much.A. watchingB. to watchC. watchesD. looking.解析：A。enjoy后面用doing做宾语。2The old man is used to _ a dog after supper in the park every day.A. to walkB. walkingC. walkedD. to walking解析：B。be used to doing sth。表示现在习惯做某事。3. _(read) in the sun is bad for your eyes.解析：Reading. 动名词做主语。课后习题1. Would you mind _(smoke) in the hospital?2. He is busy _(prepare) for the exam.3. _(skate) on the thin ice is dangerous.4. It is good for your health _(drink) milk.5. She is fond of _(collect) stamps.6. In order to win the first place in the contest, he practiced _(sing) the English song, but he found it difficult _(remember) the lyrics.7. How about _(swim) in the river with us?8. Why not _(ask)your teacher for help when you cant finish _(write) it by yourself?9. -Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother? -Yes, it is well worth _(see). It is so moving that I have seen it twice.11. She should do her homework now. But she doesnt feel like _(do) it.12. Most of the children finish _(play) the computer games.13. The farmers on the farm are busy _(pick) apples on the trees.句子翻译1. 在山上呼吸变得很困难。_2. 出国旅游会是很激动人心的。_3. Lily很擅长唱歌和跳舞。_4. 他梦想成为一名科学家。_5. 这位年轻人在考虑调换工作。_6. 我父亲去年戒烟了。_7. 妈妈建议乘飞机去北京。_8. 他整天忙于工作。_9. 他在学习开车方面有困难。_10. 我期待着你的到来。_11. 我们必须注意自己的言行举止。_12. 听到这个消息之后，他情不自禁地哭了起来。_6. 既接不定式又接动名词，但意义有区别的。stop to do 停止去做某事。Forget to do sth 忘记去做某事stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情。Forget doing sth 忘记做过某事try to do sth 努力做某事Remember to do sth 记得去做某事Try doing sth 尝试着做某事Remember doing sth 记得做过某事Go on to do sth 继续做另一件事mean to do sth 打算、计划做某事Go on doing sth 继续做同一件事mean doing sth 意味着典型例题：1. The scientist stopped _ to me though he was busy.A. talkingB. to talkC. to have talkD. having talk解析：B。 根据句意：尽管科学家很忙，但是他还是听来和我讲话。Stop to do sth 。停止一件事情去做另一件事情。2. When you leave, dont forget _(turn)off all the lights.解析：to turn. Forget to do sth.忘记去某事习题操练：1我离开房间时，我忘记我已经把窗户关上。_2. 做完作业后，她接着休息。_3他正设法戒烟。_4他试着爬山那棵高树。_5他们停下来听，但他们为什么也没有听到。_6我记得在爱什么地方见到过那位男人。_7记得把信寄了。_8他告诉白求恩医生不要再继续手术了。_7动名词与现在分词的辨析动名词做定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系。现在分词做定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。Eg: The old man standing under a big tree is holding a fishing pole in his hand.（四）课后知识总练中考备考演练Part one: 句子翻译1那样谈话是不礼貌的。_2喝牛奶对你的健康有益。_3护士的工作就是护理病。_4我期盼着你的到来。_5他现在习惯抽烟，喝酒。_6我发现他在看小说。_7那个正在游泳的男孩朝他大声叫喊，但她没有听见。_8他们有说有笑地走出教室。_9现在最重要的事情就是救那名游客的生命。_10她决定出国进修了。_11我三岁时，我哥哥就教我读书。_12他母亲叫他不要在那条河里游泳。_13医生说她没有办法帮助那个孩子。_14老板让所有的员工不分昼夜地为他干活。_15. 为什么不吃早饭呢？_16你忘了说一声你要晚来。_17老师生气了，别说话！_18做完学习后，他接着去做物理。_19他相信能很容易到达那里。_20我们都认为在那里玩儿很有趣。_Part two: 完成句子1. _(打乒乓球)is his favorite sport.2. He enjoys _(听流行音乐)。3Would you mind _(填下这张表格吗？)4She began _(明白她自己错了)。5He tried _(试着用另外的方法做那项工作)。6I could not help _(笑起来)when I heard the news.7. He went on _(接着开始指出论文中的错误)8We have no trouble in _(我到了他的家)9I am glad to have this opportunity of _(来访问贵国)10I heard him _(他在隔壁唱流行歌曲).Part three: 填空(A) 用括号中的动词适当形式填空1.We are so glad _ (hear) the news.2.I saw him _ (cross) the road safely and _ (run) away.3.You cant make him _ (do) what you want.4.I dont know where _ (meet) him.5.What makes you _ (think) Im a farmer?6.Did you see him _ (go) upstairs?7.It is better _ (put) your money in a bank.8.It is difficult for the boy _ (swim) across the river.9.I let him _ (go) early as he wanted _ (meet) his uncle at the station.10.Will you help me _ (move) the bed?11.If he doesnt know, how _ (use) the recorder, youd better _ (show) him.12.He is the last one _ (leave) the office every day.13.Its bad manners _ (shout) in public.14.The boy is old enough _ (dress) himself.15.She is too ill _ (go) to school.(B) 填入动名词的适当形式.1.Can you imagine yourself _in a lonely island? (stay) 2.I cant understand your _at that poor child.(laugh) 3.She didnt mind _overtime.(work) 4.To make a living, he tried _, _,and various other things, but he had failed in all .(write; paint) 5.We are looking forward to Marys_. (come) .6.She was praised for _ the life of the child.(save) 7.She ought to be praised instead of _ (criticize). 8.Is there any possibility of our _the championship?(win) 9.He came to the party without _(invite) 10. Dont keep me _(wait) for a long time.11. Knives are used for _(cut) things.