科技文翻译-新型电池.doc

New rechargeable zinc-air batteries coming soon新型可充电式锌-空气电池来啦！Battery layers. BatteryA new breed of rechargeable zinc-air batteries is soon to be available, and may replace lithium-ion batteries in cell phones, laptops and other consumer items. Lithium-ion batteries store only a third of the energy and cost around twice as much as the new batteries. 一种新型的可充电式锌空气电池即将得到应用，甚至还可能代替手机，电脑或其它耗能产品上的锂离子电池。这种新的电池可储存3倍于普通锂电池的电量，而造价却是它的二分之一。The Swiss company ReVolt, from Staefa, plans to release the new batteries next year, initially as small batteries for use in hearing aids, and later for cell phones. Eventually much larger batteries are planned for electric vehicles.来自Staefa的瑞士ReVolt 公司，计划明年将这种新型电池投入市场，初步生产为助听器供电的小电池，而后推出手机电池，最后再推出适用于电动车辆的大型电池。The new battery was developed in Trondheim in Norway by the SINTEF Group, the largest independent research institution in Scandinavia, and ReVolt was formed to market the device.这种新型电池是由坐落于挪威特隆赫姆的SINTEF公司研发的。此公司是斯堪的纳维亚最大的独立研发机构，并且组建了ReVolt分公司来做这款电池的市场推广。Zinc-air batteries need oxygen from the air to generate the current. They are safer than lithium-ion batteries because they do not contain volatile materials, and therefore do not catch fire. Non-rechargeable zinc-air batteries have been available for some time, but rechargeable versions have proved more difficult to develop.锌空气电池需要空气中的氧气来产生电流。它们比锂离子电池更具安全性。因为不含有挥发性材料，因此不会发生起火的现象。非充电型锌空气电池已经成形一段时间了，但是可充电式电池的研发却极具挑战性。The battery consists of an air electrode, an electrolyte, and a zinc electrode, all set in a casing that lets in air. When the battery is discharging the air electrode (with the help of catalysts) produces hydroxyl ions in the aqueous electrolyte. At the zinc electrode the hydroxyl ions oxidize the zinc, a process that releases electrons to form an electric current. During recharging the process is reversed, with oxygen being released at the air electrode.这种电池由“空气”电极，电解液和锌电极三部分组成。三者集成在一个能进入空气的匣子内。当电池放电时（在催化剂的帮助下），空气电极在含水的电解液中会产生氢氧离子，在锌电极部分锌会被氢氧离子氧化。 这一过程释放的电子会形成电流。而在充电时，这一过程正好相反，空气电极会有氧气释放出来。In previous rechargeable zinc-air batteries the air electrolyte became deactivated and the reduction and oxidation reactions slowed or stopped after a few discharge/recharge cycles. The battery function could also be degraded if the water-based electrolyte dried out or was absorbed too deeply into the pores, and if the zinc deposited in the recharge cycles built up unevenly, which could cause short circuits. 前期的那些锌空气电池，经过几个周期的充放电之后，出现了空气电极失去活性，氧化还原反应减慢甚至停止等现象。如果水质电解液变干，或是被吸入通气孔，电池功能同样会被减弱。如果充电过程中储存的锌组合不均衡，还会引起短路。The new battery uses gelling and binding agents to control the zinc electrode shape, and controls the humidity inside the battery. The new catalysts used have been tested and found to improve both the reduction and production of oxygen during discharge/recharge cycles. 这种新型电池应用了胶凝粘合剂来控制锌电极的形状和电池内部的湿度。经过检测发现，电池中的催化剂在充/ 放电促进了氧气的消耗与生成。Prototypes of the new battery have been tested for more than a hundred cycles, and are expected to last at least twice as long. CEO of ReVolt, James McDougall, said the company aims to increase the life to between 300 and 500 cycles, which would make them useful for cell phones and electric bicycles.这种电池的雏形已经经过了过百周期的测试。人们期望它的实际使用周期则最起码是测试数据的两倍。ReVolt 的CEO James McDougall 说 ，公司的目标是把电池的寿命提高到300-500个周期之间， 那样的话，这类电池就能应用在手机和电动自行车上了。ReVolt has also been developing zinc-air batteries for use in electric vehicles. These batteries resemble fuel cells, with a zinc slurry forming a liquid zinc electrode, and a series of tubes forming the air electrode. Electricity is generated by pumping the slurry through the tubes, where it is oxidized and releases electrons. The resultant zinc oxide is stored in another compartment and flows back through the tubes when the battery is recharging. This releases oxygen, and the zinc oxide reverts to zinc. ReVolt也一直致力于研发供电动车辆使用的锌空气电池。那些电池就像燃料电池一样，由泥浆状的锌作为锌电极，一排排细管组成空气电极。 锌浆受压通过细管过程中，细管受到氧化并释放出电子，从而产生电。Since the slurry can be in greater volume than the air electrode, the energy density is increased and more electricity is produced. McDougall expects the batteries to last much longer too, for up to 10,000 discharge/recharge cycles. The battery could also be repaired, by replacing failed parts such as the air electrode.由于 锌浆的使用量可以远大于空气电极的使用量，进而能量密度增加，从而能产生更多的电。McDougall认为，这样的话，电池就能使用更长时间，能达到1000次充放电周期。同