2011ASLA专业奖{6}通用设计荣誉奖：Citygarden.docx

2011ASLA专业奖6通用设计荣誉奖：Citygarden发布时间：2012-6-29关键词：景观 2011 ASLA 场地 广场 花园 改建 城市 开放空间 可持续 圣路易斯 Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects城市花园是一个私人基金会赞助的公共雕塑园项目，占地3英亩，位于圣路易斯市中心。这个花园振兴了城市中心。设计将雨水管理与场地地质，水文，植物群落一并考虑，建立具有深度的公共空间，成为吸引游客和市民的好去处。“这个项目的影响力远远超越本身的边界。圣路易市对公共领域的重视，全国对这个公共空间都充满关注和热忱。项目的成功也使这座城市能够更好的举办拱门竞赛。设计的重要性不言而喻。景观设计师将艺术优美的融入景观。”2011ASLA专业奖评委会Citygarden is a three-acre public sculpture garden created on the Gateway Mall indowntown St. Louis. Sponsored by a private foundation, the garden has played aprimary role in reinvigorating the citys center. The design weaves innovativestormwater management strategies with abstractions of local geology, hydrology,and plant communities to create a multi-faceted public space that has become amagnet for locals and tourists alike.“The influence of this project has gone way beyond its boundaries. St. Louis isserious about the public realm and there is real excitement and enthusiasm aboutthis public space across the country. The success of this project gave the cityconfidence to extend to the Arch Competition. This place really works and providesevidence that design matters. The landscape architect performed a beautifulincorporation of the art in the landscape.”2011 Professional Awards Jury项目立意明确，客户要求将24个当代雕塑作品植入这个让人鼓舞的公共场所，为人们创造出绿荫密布，流水盈盈，一年四季都美丽的花园。这个公园没有任何围墙大门，也没任何禁止触摸的标示，一切都是开放平和的。花园的设计理念来源于圣路易及周边地区的文化和自然历史，3英亩的场地中挖掘着当地的故事。场地位于Gateway购物广场中央位置，临近圣路易斯拱门和密西西比河，花园通过两片弧墙和一道蜿蜒的墙分为三区。三个区域之间相互关联又有自己的特色。北区像临河的高地，中区像临河的滩涂，南区则像河流的冲击种植平原。北区与栗树大道平行，这里标高较高，设计了一系列的铺着花岗岩的台地空间放置雕塑或者供人们休息，咖啡，用餐。这里有明显的城市生活痕迹。有着精致遮阳棚的咖啡厅能俯瞰花园。西北角有一片像采石场般的石材建筑。这里延续出去一条550英尺长的弧墙，弧墙定义出北区和中区的边界，其变化的高度和时断时续的墙面形成公园一景，也组织着公园的交通。最让人印象深刻一处187英尺长的断开，这里形成一个瀑布，上方的台地就是咖啡厅所在之处。平缓的公园中心区域主要有两片草坪构成，期间有丰富的水设施，植物主要有本地的大树比如白橡树，梧桐树，糖槭树等等，这里也是最大雕塑的放置场地，角落的爱神雕塑紧靠一个设计非常棒，倾斜角度非常微妙的水瀑布景观。向公园内望去，可以看见恰到好处点缀在树木和弧墙之间的各种雕塑。公园有两条主路，一条沿着弧墙，一条是中心的大青石路，沿着大青石路可以道道一个有着102个旱喷泉的广场。当然，还有许多小路让人们可以从四面八方无阻碍的进入公园。南区像河道旁边的种植平原。一条长1150英尺的蜿蜒矮墙圈画出一系列宿根花卉和灌木区。这里种植着沿街道平行的银杏树。弯曲的墙面不光划分成许多有醒目图案的植物种植区，还形成许多亲密尺度的小景观空间。在植物的背景之下，水，石，雕塑成为公园的特色。公园的种植设计强调使用本土的树种，灌木，超，地被，花卉。植物他被将就季相，力求四季分明。根据场地各种实际情况灵活运用植物，形成可持续的城市环境。共使用了20个不同品种的235颗树；89种1170株灌木，以及4千多株花木；8千多；1万多颗地被，还有32000平方英尺的草坪。设计运用多种可持续发展策略，包括雨水管理、本土植物、植物健康维护和重振市区。三分之二的雨水排水区域由花园内部消化，一半的地表为渗水地面。 超过5000平方英尺花园可收集、滞留和过滤雨水径流。咖啡厅和管理用房的屋顶提供1400平方英尺的绿色屋顶。三种不同类型的土壤混合物代替场地中的现状土壤。这些新土壤有利于植物的生长。同时硬质铺装的设计充分考虑到对植物根系的影响，以确保植物更好的成活。Project NarrativeThe project began with clear direction from the clients: make an inviting andinspiring public place displaying twenty four contemporary sculptures; creatediverse spaces and experiences; make it beautiful, engaging, and accessible year-round; and provide plenty of shade and water. Citygarden is free and open to thepublic, is not bound by perimeter fences or walls, has no gates, and contains nosigns prohibiting the touching of sculpture. There are no handicap ramps. Everypublic place in the park is accessible by walks of less than 5% grade and lawnsare reinforced for universal access.The design of Citygarden derives from the cultural and natural histories of St.Louis and its environs. The three-acre site is one of excavation in search oflocal stories. Acknowledging its position in the heart of the Gateway Mall, a fewblocks west of the noble Arch and the Mississippi River, Citygarden is structuredin three bands delineated by two wallsthe arc wall and the meander wall. Thenorthern band represents the high upland groundthe river bluffs that are socharacteristic of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers in this region. The middleband represents the low ground or floodplain. The southern band represents thecultivated river terraces. While the three precincts are interconnected, eachpossesses distinct characteristics.The northern band, parallel to Chestnut Street, contains the highest originalelevation on the sitesix and a half feet higher than the sites lowest point.The design restructures this high ground into a series of urban terraces that risefrom the corner of Chestnut and Eighth Streets to the caf level. This series ofoutdoor rooms provide shaded platforms for specific sculptures, while alsoproviding seating, dining, and prospects over the upper-level water basin to therest of the sculpture garden. The plantings throughout these “uplands” aredistinctly urban in natureprimarily as rows and groves of shade trees withsimple planes of groundcover set amid panels of granite pavers. The landscapearchitects assisted the clients in selecting the architect for the caf (andmaintenance building) and guided the architect in siting the caf and defining itsarchitectural character. The caf is conceived as a garden pavilion with atransparent connection to the caf terrace that overlooks the garden below.Willow oaks, honey locust, scarlet oaks, and serviceberry create fine-texturedarboreal canopies. The western block of the northern precinct is marked by aquarry-like stepped room of large limestone blocks, framing a 16-foot long outdoorvideo wall. The northwestern corner of the garden is sculpted as the highestgrounda 10-foot high mound planted with river birches and ferns and highlightedby the equestrian Zenit at the peak of the mound.The most pronounced design gesture is a 550-foot long arcing wall constructed from1200 locally quarried blocks of Missouri limestone. The arc wall defines the edgebetween the urban groves and the low ground of the grassy floodplain and wasdesigned to evoke the geologically expressive bends and bluffs of the Mississippiand Missouri Rivers. Its height varies from four to nine feet for most of itslength but rises to 14 feet to frame the video art installation and form the backwall of the maintenance building. Several breaks in the wall allow pedestrian andvehicular access while providing sight lines through the park. At its mostdramatic moment, this broad arc wall is interrupted by a 24-foot wide by 187-footlong water basin that seeps and cascades six feet from the Caf terrace to thebasin and floodplain below. At the base of the falls, stepping stone boulderscontinue the visual arc of the pathway at the base of the wall.The middle floodplain band is the heart of the park. It is punctuated by largenative shade and specimen treesswamp white oaks, Kentucky coffee trees, red andsugar maples, plane trees and black gumsand provides the venue for some of thegardens largest sculptures. This lawn plane is bracketed by two paved urbanplazas, each with expressive waterworks. The eastern edge, at the Market Streetcorner, introduces a subtle tilted water scrim that sheets gently from the base ofthe dramatic sculpture Eros.The glimpses into the park at this point reveal other monumental sculptures, theirscale tempered by the magnitude of the arc wall and the specimen trees. Sun andshade strike a balance across the lawn here. Circulation is marked by two primarypaths: the black granite path that parallels the base of the arc wall, and thecentral bluestone walk that literally traces mid-block alleyways that onceserviced this site. Crossing Ninth Street westward along the route of these alleysbrings people to the spray basina paved field of 102 choreographed verticalwater jets. While there are multiple ways to enter the park from all sides, themiddle floodplain precinct offers a particularly open invitation from thecorner of Eighth and Market Streets toward the center of the park.The southern band, representing the cultivated terraces that flank the rivers, isframed by Market Street on one side and the central floodplain on the other. Abanded series of perennial and shrub beds is contained by an 1,150-foot longmeandering seat wall recalling agricultural patterns along the rivers bends andoxbows. This zone is characterized by a staccato allee of paired male (non-fruiting) Ginkgo trees with striated bands of horticultural gardens that runperpendicular from the allee and the street. These Market Street sun gardens aredefined by pathways and low evergreen hedges that trace the previous propertylines and foundations that underlay the site. The precise alignment of these plantbeds echoes the 1916 Sanborn map depiction of the two city blocks.In many instances these garden areas are slightly raised up to 18” above thelevel of the central lawn panel to provide more fertile and productive plantbeds, but also to allow for seating. The inner edge of the Market Street gardensis prescribed by 1100 linear feet of green granite-topped meander wall. Thisnearly continuous seat wall sinuously loops through the garden in evocation of thestriking patterns of regional river systems. Its various bends and concavitiesoffer multiple smaller scale landscape spaces the subtle stages for sculptureand people in conversation.Water, stone, and sculpture characterize the stronger expressions of Citygardensfirmness and delight. But the plants provide the gently animated framework thatmakes the greatest difference to the appreciation of the sculptures and theirsetting, as well as the everyday use of this as a park. Fifty percent of the siteis shaded. The plant palette collectively devised by the designers, thefoundation, and horticulturalists at the Missouri Botanic Garden, emphasizesMissouri native trees, shrubs, grasses, groundcovers, and wildflowers. Plantselections and planting designs emphasize the four distinct seasons and contributeto a sense of the parks lushness. Great consideration has been given to insurethat the long-term success of the plants will be achieved. Plant species andcultivars were selected for their tolerance of urban conditions. Most plantchoices and their specific locations were determined by their relative hardinessand their particular tolerances for varying degrees of sun, shade, wetness and/ordryness. Fundamental to the planting and soil strategy, in both design and intechnical detail, was the intent to use this project as a teaching opportunity.This will be an urban botanical garden of sorts, with plants and garden areaslabeled, and with every intention of using the design to demonstrate sustainablegarden practices in urban settings.There are 235 trees, comprised of twenty different species. Of the 89 otherspecies of plants, there are 1170 shrubs, 4194 perennials, native grasses andwildflowers, 8000 bulbs, 12,726 groundcovers and 32,000 square feet of lawn.Citygarden employs multiple sustainable strategies including stormwatermanagement, native planting, promotion of plant health, and reinvigoration of thesocial / economic health of a declining urban center. Two-thirds of the sitesstormwater drainage is managed within the boundaries of the garden. Nearly half ofthe surface area is permeable. More than 5000 square feet of rain gardens capture,retain, and infiltrate surface water flow. The roofs of the two buildings in thepark the caf and the maintenance building - incorporate 1400 square feet ofextensive green roof. Three different soil mixes we