关系代词强化专练.doc

关系代词强化专练关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who， whom， that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2） whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语， 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which， that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）不能用关系代词Which的几种情况1.当先行词为all, little, much, few, everything, none 等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which. I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.There are few books that you can read in this book store.2.当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词用that, 不用which.He asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时,关系代词用that, 而不用which.This is the best novel that I have ever read.Guilin is one of the most beautiful cities that I have ever visited.4.当先行词有序数词修饰时,关系代词用that, 不用which.The first sight that was caught at the Great Wall has made a lasting impression on him. 5.当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.That is the very thing that we can do.It is the only book that he bought himself.6.当先行词被all, every, any, much, little, few, no等修饰时,关系代词用that,不用which.You can take any room that you like.There is no clothes that fit you here.7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时,定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?8.在强调句型 It is . that . 中,只用that,不用which.It is in this room that he was born twenty years ago.9.在 such (the same) . as . 句型中,关系代词要用as, 而不用which.We need such materials as (not which) can bear high temperature.10.表示 正如. 那样 , 正象. 之意时, 用as, 不用which.Mary was late again, as had been expected.11.As 引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面, 也可以放在主句后面或主句中间,而由 which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。As we all know, oceans cover more than 70% of the earth.定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词；引导定语从句的词叫做关系词，在意义上和先行词相同，并在定语从句充当一定成分。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两大类。常见的关系代词有that、 which、 who、whom、whose，由于其用法比较复杂，为方便记忆，现归纳一口诀，并作简明阐述。 限定that可通用，直作宾语可省略，介后who, that不能跟，非限who, which要分清，最、序、only、不定代very，常用that多叮咛。一、 限定that可通用一般情况下，关系代词指人用who（主格），whom（宾格）， whose（所有格）作定语，相当于of whom; 指物用which(作从句的主语或宾语)和whose相当于of which, 但在限制性定语从句中，无论指人指物都可以用that替代，在从句中既可以作主语又可以作宾语，此时，that相当于who, whom。例如：(1) A plane is a machine which / that can fly. (在从句作主语，指物，不可以省略)(2) The girl who / that helps me with my English is Jims sister. （在从句作主语，指人，不可以省略)(3) The book (which / that) Stephen Hawking wrote in 1988 quickly became a best-seller. （在从句作宾语，指物，可省略）二、 直作宾语可省略在限制性定语从句中，关系代词that、 which、 who、whom，前面没有前置的介词，而是直接跟在先行词之后作从句中动词或介词的宾语，此时，无论指人指物都可以省略。例如：(4) Some of the guests (who / whom / that) I invited didnt come.(5) The MP3 (which / that) I borrowed from Li Ming last Friday was lost on the bus.三、 介后who, that不能跟当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词可前置于先行词之后从句之首。此时，关系代词既不可以省略，也不能用that代替which或whom。更不能用who代替whom，例如：(6) The athlete (who / whom / that) they talked to is a famous runner. =The athlete to whom they talked is a famous runner.(7) The city (which / that) she lives in is very far away. =The city in which she lives is very far away. =The city where she lives is very far away.四、 最、序、only、不定代very，常用that多叮咛A. 当先行词本身是序数词或是something, anything, everything, nothing, all, few, little, one, none等不定代词时，常用关系代词that引导定语从句。例如：(8) The first that get into the lifeboats are women and children.(9) Tom was the only one that survived the accident.（注：关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词与先行词在人称和数方面保持一致。）B. 当先行词前面有the only, the very, any, every, few, no, one, all, just等, 或其前面有形容词的最高级、序数词（包括last, next）修饰时，关系代词常用that。例如:(10) There is nothing (that) he can do.(11) That was the very pen (that) he used to write the book A Brief History Of Time.(12) I saw all the clothes that were on the table taken away by Joe.(13) This is the most interesting story (that) I have read before.一、关系代词选定要诀 定从要学好，删繁就简系首要，明确先行词，然后定关系词调；指人主格用who，宾格whom好，事物用which，主/宾都可靠；用that引定从，人/物均需要，非限制性定从句，切勿用that导；关系词作宾语，常将其省略掉，若介词+关系词，关系词切勿抛，无论人/事物，who/that均不导，指人必whom，事物which邀；as引定从，（部分）主句内容包，常含“正如”意，位置任意挑；which如此用，用时思量好，有时含“消极”味，主句之后到；such/thesame+as，固定搭配好，特殊用法务牢记，勿用乱了套；whose作定语，人/物它全包，n.+of+whom/which，可与其对调。二、只用that作关系代词的几种情况先行（词）本身系数词，不定代词指事物，人与事物共先行，Therebe中指物词作主语，关系词定从中作表语，问句避免疑问词重复，另有序数词/最高级，every/thevery/theonly，以及不定代词若干个，名词前把事物来修饰，以上情况请记清，只能使用that引导定从句。巩固练习 请在横线上添上恰当的关系词。1.Weneedcomrades_canhelpus.2.Theman_yousawyesterdaywasadoctorfromBeijing. 3.Thisisastoryaboutacommunistfighter_name或 thenameof_isLiuHu-lan. 4.Thisisourclassroom，_windows或thewindowsof_facethesouth.5.Hereisabook_willgivealotofusefulknowledge.6.Thisisthesong_welikebest.7.Iwillneverforgettheday，on_Ifirstsawhim.8.Thisistheroom_LaoLiuoncelivedin.9.Doyoustillrememberthedayon_hejoinedthearmy？10.Theearth，_weallknow，movesaroundthesun.11._isknowntoall，theearthisround.12.Thesunisbiggerthantheearth，_isknowntousall.13.Hedidnotstudyhard，_ledtohisfailure.14.Weusedthesametypeofmachine_theydid.15.Wehavefoundsuchmaterials_areusedintheirfactory.16.Herearefivefish.Thetwo_werecaughtyesterdayaregoldfish.17.Everything_Itoldyoujustnowistrue.18.Theytalkedofthethingsandpersons_theyremember