第八讲虚拟语气.doc

第八讲 虚拟语气1. 考查虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的使用。（1） 通常情况下的应用； if 从句中 主句中与现在事实相反的假设谓语动词用过去式（be用were）would/could/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反的假设 had + p.p.would/could/might + have + p.p.与将来事实相反的假设 谓语动词用过去式（be用were） should + 动词原形 were to + 动词原形would/could/might + 动词原形 如：If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. （现在）If you had taken my advice, that wouldnt have happened. (过去)If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way. （将来）If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him. (将来)（2）错综时间条件句中的应用 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。如： If you had worked hard, you would be very tired. It is hard for you to imagine what I would be doing today if I had spent all my spare time studying but not playing.(3) 含蓄虚拟条件句中的应用 有时假设的情况不是用if 从句表达出来的，而是通过一些特殊词、短语或上下文表示出来。如：I would have written to you early, but I have been ill.I was ill then. Otherwise/or I would have attended the meeting.But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.She would have cried, but that he laughed.Without your help, I couldnt have finished my task.Born in better times, he would have done even better.(4) 虚拟条件句的省略倒装在if 引导的条件句中，如有were, had, should, 可以省略if, 而将were, had, should 提到句首，采用倒桩结构。如：Were I a bird, I would fly in the sky.Had you taken my advice, that wouldnt have happened.Should they act like that, we should criticize them severely.2. 虚拟语气在名词性从句中的使用。(1) 在主语从句中的使用 It is necessary ( important, natural, strange, surprising, a pity, a shame, (ones) desire) that 在that 引起的主语从句中用should + 动词原形，should 可以省去。It is necessary that a person (should) drink several glasses of water every day.It is strange that she (should) be late for such an important conference. It is suggested / desired / ordered / requested / proposed that 在that引起的主语从句中用should + 动词原形，should 可以省去。如：It has been decided that the meeting (should) be put off till next Saturday.(2) 在宾语从句中的使用在动词desire(渴望)，insist(坚持，坚决要求)，order, command, demand, require, request, advice, suggest, propose, recommend 后的宾语从句中，使用“should + V ” 形式。如：a. Janes pale face suggested that she was ill and her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination. b. The woman boss told the customer that it was none of her business and ordered that he (should) go away at once.c. Teachers recommend parents (should) not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.d. We insisted that they (should) go with us. (insist 是“坚决要求，坚持认为”) Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. (坚持说，主张，强调) wish 后的宾语从句中的谓语动词有三种情况。a. 对现在的虚拟，用过去式或过去进行时；I wish I remembered her address now. How I wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden.b. 对过去的虚拟用过去完成时或would / could + have + p.p.I wish I had started to study math years ago. c. 对将来的虚拟，用would / should / could / might + V I wish you could go with us. 虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的运用；如a. My idea is that we (should) do exercises first.b. My suggestion is that we (should) tell him.c. Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.d. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.3. 虚拟语气在其他句型中的运用。 It is (high) time that 从句中的谓语动词用过去式（be用were）或should + V。如：Its high time that he went / should go to bed. 在would rather (宁愿让某人做某事) 后的从句中，用过去式表示现在或将来的情况；用过去完成时表示过去的情况。如：I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather that you told him than I did. as if / as though 等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，表示对现在的虚拟，用过去式；对过去的虚拟用过去完成时；对将来的虚拟用过去将来时。He walks as if he were drunk.The two strangers talked as if they had been friends for years.He looks as if he were an artist.He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. if only(要是就好了) 从句中，谓语动词的形式变化与wish 后的宾语从句动词形式一样。If only I had followed you advice!If only I were a bird! If only I hadnt lost it! should / ought to / neednt / could / might / would + have + p.p. lest (以免，免得)，for fear that (以免，唯恐), in case (万一)引导的从句中常用should / could / might / + V 构成。should 可省去。He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.He put his coat over the child for fear that (lest) he should catch cold.Heres some money in case you should need it.虚拟语气专项练习1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie2. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden.A. has B. had C. will have D. had had3. You did not let me drive. If we _in turn, you _ so tired A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu BridgeA. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will5. I suggested the person _ to be put into prisonA. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him A. on him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should go; is8. -Your aunt invites you to the movies today -I would rather she _ me tomorrow than todayA. tells B. told C. would tell D. had told9. -Would you have called her up? -Yes, but I _busy doing my homework.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be 10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meeting.A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilyA. Had it not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for12. If my lawyer _ here last Sunday, he _ me from going.A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would preventC. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the exam.A. If he were to work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work14. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right nowA. are B. were C. would be D. would have been16. I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brotherA. has come B. did come C. come D. had come17. He _ busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment.A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped18. If it _for the snow, we_ the mountain yesterday.A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _ quite difficult today.A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be20. - I am going to tell her the news. - I would rather you _ her about it. A. didnt tell B. dont tell C. hadnt tell D. wont tell21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _home.A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay22. It was requested that the play _again.A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on23. She insisted that a doctor _ immediately.A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness? -Yes, but _it.A. Id rather not do B. Id rather not have done C. I shouldnt t do D. Id better not do25. If only I _ my car!A. hadnt lost B. wouldnt lose C. didnt lose D. havent lost26. But for water, it _impossible to live in the earth.A. is B. would be C. were D. wouldnt be27. I would rather you _ anything about it for the time being.A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he _ their own sonA. is B. were C. had been D. should be29. How the old people wish that they _ young once more!A. were B. could become C. had been D. should be30. It is high time that we _ a meeting to discuss this problem.A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dying.A. even if, was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. had not B. did not have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have33. The chairman insisted that we _the question again.A. would discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed34. He requested that the students _them get in crops.A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping35. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obeyD. would obey36. I wish I _here then.A. was B. had been C. were D. would be37. It is strange that he _back so early.A. come B. will come C. had come D. should have come38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching TV.A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done39. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest Sunday.A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there.A. had been B. has been C. was D. been41. The teacher demanded that the exam _ before eleven.A. must finish B. would be finished C. be finished D. must be finished42. -Sorry, Joe. I did not mean to -Dont call me “Joe”, I am Mr. Parker to you, and _ you forget it!A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 43. I did not attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I _ but I _ all this morning.A. would, have washed B. could, have been washing C. would have, have been washing D. could have, had washing44. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it worse.A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try45. -How could I thank you enough? -Dont mention it. Any other man _it.A. must do B. could do C. would have done D. should have done46. European governments insist Iraqs co-operation _ good and military action_ to allow inspections to continue.A. be, be delayed B. is, delay C. should be, be delayed D. is , be delayed47. If the hurricane had happened during the day-time,_more deaths.A. it would have been B. it would be C. there would be D. there would have been48. What the customers_ from the company is that the goods _ right to their homes.A. requested, deliver B. demand, be delivered C. request, should deliver D. demand, delivered49. If law-breakers _ the society will be in disorder.A. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went unpunished D. were not punished50. We took a taxi to the airport. Otherwise we _late.A. would be B. were C. will be D. would have been51. Supposing he never _, what would happen then.A. come B. came C. would come D. will come52. What do you think his proposal that we _ a play at the English meeting.A. had pu