公共英语二级.doc

Businesses put lots of time and money into new plans, programs and excellent employees with the hope things will change. Yet, at the end of the effort, not much changes. What happensIn most cases, those new plans, programs and employees enter a company with an existing culture (文化). And plans, programs and new employees have a way of conforming to(顺应)the existing culture. The culture of your business is the result of a particular mindset , or a particular way of thinking and the general feelings about certain things. Most often, it is the mindset of the founder or people managing the business.The founder has gotten to where he is because of his skill sets, knowledge base and personal beliefs, which unfortunately all come with inherent (固有的)limits. Why Skills, knowledge and beliefs come from what he or she already knows or has experienced. In other words, it comes from the past. We ( people) try to make the past fit the future. Just because something worked in the past, doesnt mean it is suitable for the future. As the saying goes, if you do and think what you have always done and thought, you will have what you have always had.Therefore, lasting changes have to start with the way people think. To make changes in the way you think, you will be required ta set goals beyond your basic abilities and continuously think them through. It is a way to train yourself and people to get out of the comfort zone where you feel happy with your knowledge and skills.40.Which question does the author try to answer?A.What past experience is useful for businessesB.How much time is needed for making plansC.How can changes be made in businessesD.What kinds of employees are the best41.Where does the business culture mainly come from?A.The foundeB.The progresC.The new employeeD.The collective effor42.What does the author think about the mindset of the company leader?A.It can prevent the enrichment of experienceB.It is useful far skill and knowledge learninC.It is important for personal beliefs build-uD.It may limit the companys developmen43.What plays a key role in making changes in a company?A.Making a breakthrough in the way people thinB.Training people to be able to face hardshiC.Setting clearer goals for employeeD.Making the past fit the futureCIt s not much , but it s home. Francis Chan, an engineer, lives in Hampstead, north London, in a flat thats just 4ft wide by 21ft long. He loves it.Tiny though it is, it has got all the comforts. Peter Baynes, Chans architect (建筑师),has achieved a clever piece of design,according to architectural experts.The Chan mini-house was built on what was once a path down the side of a big Victarian house. Not an inch of space is wasted.When you step in through the front door, youre standing in the shower, on Britain s only self-cleansing doormat (自动清洁门垫). A door opens on to an equally tiny toilet with washbasin. Two steps further in comes the kitchen, complete with full-sized cooker and fridge, and washer/ drier. A worktop folds down from the wall.Another step and youre into the dining/ office area. Four people can sit here for dinner, says Chan as he sets the table-top into place. He even has a fold-down drawing-board for when he s working at home. The bed is hidden under a cover board right at the back. I dont even have to make the bed,Chan says. I just put the cover down. Chans business suits hang neatly on the wall over the bed. Daylight comes in through the skylight. The house feels like a very small boat and Chan admits he toyed with the idea of naming it the boat-house.It cost around 4,700 to build last year. Now its been valued at 30,000. It proves that good design doesnt need to cost more. It just needs a lot of care. says Chan.44.By saying Its not much (line 1, para. 1),the author means that Chan s flat_.A.is cheapB.has cheap furnitureC.has a simple designD.is fairly small45.Where is Chan s flat?A.Next to a big housB.Under an old buildinC.In a busy London streeD.By the side of a country roa46.Which of the following is the right order of things described in the text?A.Shower, kitchen, toilet, dining table and beB.Shower, toilet, dining table, kitchen and beC.Shower, toilet, kitchen, dining table and beD.Shower, kitchen, toilet, bed and dining tabl47.What is the purpose of this writing?A.To sell Chan s flat for more moneB.To tell people how to take care of small flatC.To introduce to readers a cleverly-designed flaD.To call on engineers to design their own homeDScientists say they now have proof to support the old-fashioned advice that its best to sleep on a problem. They say sleep strengthens the memory and helps the brain organize the masses of information we receive each day.Lead researcher Bob Stickgold at the Harvard Medical School said, Sleep helps us draw rules from our experiences. Its like knowing the difference between dogs and cats. even if its hard to explain. The US research team studied how well students remembered connections between words and symbols (象征) , reports New Scientist. They compared how the students performed if they had had a sleep between seeing the words and having the test, and if they had not slept. They found that people were better able to remember lists of related words after a night s sleep than after the same time spent awake during the day. They also found it easier to remember themes (主题) that the words had in common. But they forgot around one in four more themes if they had been awake. Prof. John Groeger, of Surrey Universitys Sleep Research Centre, said, People have been trying for years to fard out what the purpose of sleep is, as we know that only certain parts of it have a restorative (有助恢复的) value. We form and store huge numbers of experiences in the head every day, and sleep seems to be the way the brain deals with it all. 48.The phrase to sleep on a problem in Paragraph 1 most likely means to_.A.pay full attention to a problemB.wait until later for a decisionC.sleep to forget a problemD.have diffic