专题名代词.doc

英语专题复习（一）-名词、代词一、词的数和名词的格。（一）名词的数1、名词可数名词和不可数名词之分1）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数名词的规则变化大家回忆一下。有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，如： 变化 例词 元音发生变化 manmen, womanwomen, footfeettoothteeth, mousemice 词尾发生变化 childchildren 单、复数同形 sheepsheep, deerdeer, fishfish, ChineseChinese, Japanese-Japanese 复合词中主要词变为复数 looker-onlookers-on, new-comernew-comers, grand-childgrand-children 复合词中无主体词在最后，加s grown-upgrown-ups，stand-bystand-bys 由man 或woman 构成的复合词前后两词皆变为复数 woman-teacherwomen-teachers, man-doctormen-doctors 以 is结尾的外来词，变is为es basis-bases, crisis-crises, emphasis-emphases, 【注意】1） 与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women。例如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。2） German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans；3） man, woman等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：menworkers， women teachers。4）有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。5）当fish表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。6）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police等。7）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。ten-minutes walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。8）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。9）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：学科名词：physics, mathematics/maths，游戏名称：bowls，专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls，其他名词：news, falls2、不可数名词“量”的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法：（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of moneyThere is some milk in the bottleIs there any water in the glass？I dont like winter because theres too much snow and ice（2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如：a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of bread a bottle of orange a glass of water（milk） a cup of tea a cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示“两杯茶”、“四张纸”这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of teafour pieces of paperthree glasses of water不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much等来修饰。（3）有些名词既能用作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同单 词 意 义 不可数名词 可数名词 dress 女服（统称） a dress 一件女服 fish 鱼肉 a fish 一条鱼 glass 玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯 tin 锡 a tin 一听罐头 paper 纸 a paper 一张报纸 （二）名词的所有格 名词所有格，用来表示人或物的所有，以及领属关系。1. 表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加 s,其复数形式是s，例如：a students room, students rooms, fathers shoes。2. 如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。3. 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight, ten dollars worth。4. 无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country, the color of the flowers。5. 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】1）如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表示“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自的自行车）。2）两个名词并列，只有一个s，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。二、基础题演练( ) 1. Have you seen such big _? A. a tomato B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatos( ) 2. These _ have saved many childrens lives. A. woman doctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. woman doctor( ) 3. What would you like,Madam? Id like _, please. A. two bottles of orange B. two bottles of orangesC. two bottle of oranges D. two bottle of orange( ) 4. The little baby has two _ already.A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths( ) 5. This is _ bedroom. The twin sisters like it very much. A. Anne and Jane B. Annes and Janes C. Annes and Jane D. Anne and Janes( ) 6. “What _ do you like best?” “Football.” A. food B. subject C. sport D. music( ) 7. About _ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival. A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds( ) 8. -Are there any _ on the farm? -Yes, there are some. A. horse B. duck C. chicken D. sheep ( ) 9. How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? - _. A. In five days time B. In five days timeC. In five days time D. For five days( )10. Look, five _ are feeding on the hill. A. sheeps B. sheep C. sheeps D. the sheep( ) 11. You neednt wait for Tom any longer. He must be having supper at _. A. the Tells B. the Tells C. the Tells D. Tells( ) 12. This tree has green _ throughout the year. A. leaf B. leafs C. leave D. leaves( ) 13. At the age of eight, Mary joined a group of _. A. children dancers B. child dancers C. child dancer D. childrens dancers( ) 14. In western countries, _ are thrown away each day. A. mountains of rubbish B. mountains of rubbishesC. a lot of rubbish D. a lot of rubbishes( ) 15. He is trying to explain how _ began on the earth. A. life B. lives C. the life D. a life( ) 16. Look, the police _ coming. A. is B. were C. are D. was( ) 17. Writing compositions in English is not _. A. easy job B. an easy work C. an easy job D. the easy work( ) 18. China was the earliest _ center for _. A. researchs; agriculture B. research; agricultureC. researchs; agricultures D. researches; agricultures三、中考题演练( )1- Where have you been, Tim? - Ive been to _. A. the Henry house B. the Henry family C. The Henrys home D. Henrys( )2In England, if _ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper. A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner( )3You looked for it twice, but you havent found it. Why not try _ . A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once( )4- They are thirsty. Will you please give them _ ?- Certainly. A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters( )5Mike hurt one of his _ in the accident yesterday. A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear( )6There is some _ on the plate. A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears( )7In England, the last name is the _ . A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name( )8The are going to fly _ to Beijing. A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans( )9The_ has two _ . A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch( )10The little baby has two _ already. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths( )11Whats your _ for being late again? A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news( )12- Its dangerous here. Wed better go out quickly. - But I think we should let _ go out first. A. woman and children B. women and childC. woman and child D. women and children( )13- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_ ”on the door of his shop. - Thanks. A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING( )14Are they going to have a picnic on _ ? A. Childrens DayB. Childrenss Day C. Childrens DayD. Children Day( )15Where are the students? Are they in _ ? A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room( )16You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon?I did Christmas shopping. A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of ( )17Why do you get up so early in the morning, Tracy ？I generally make it a to be up by 7 to read English.A. plan B. wish C. secret D. rule( )18Do the dishes, Mike, or I will tell mum! Mind your own ,Sue!A. action B. duty C. business D. way( )19The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt news. A. many B. a few C. much D. few( )20-Why didnt you take a taxi back last night?-Because I didnt have any _ with me.A. food B. bicycle C. friend D. money( )21-Inmyopinion, Chinahas more _todeal withthedisease ofA/H1N1.-I quiteagreewithyou. Chinese medicine works well.A. advantages B. interests C. equipments D. materials( )22.Lets get some _ about tourism on the Internet.A. information B. message C. invention( )23.We need to come up with a/an _ and make a decision at once.A. informationB. adviceC. ideaD. news( )24.Id like _ grapes and pears.Oh, I only need _ orange juice.A. some; a few B. a few; some C. a little; few D. a little; a few( )25.We should not eat _ meat.A. too many B. much too C. too much D. many too( )26. I dont understand the story though there are _ new words in it.A. few B. little C. a few D. a little( )27 This is not my dictionary. Its _ . She lent it to me this morning.A. my sister B. my sisters C. my sisters D. my sisters( )28. Hurry up. There is _ time left.A. a little B. little C. few D.a few四代词按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。（一）. 人称代词1. 人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如： I like table tennis. （作主语） Do you know him?（作宾语）2. 人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.3. 人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me. He is older than I am.（二）物主代词1.物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。 2.形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如： Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box.3.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语） - Is this English-book yours? （作表语） - No. Mine is in my bag. Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）（三）指示代词 指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。 1.有时that和those指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these则是指下面将要讲 到的事物，例如： I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come. What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English2. 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that或those代替，例如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai 3. this 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如： Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?（四）反身代词1.反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writer Would you please express yourself in English?2. 作表语。It doesnt matterIll be myself soon The girl in the news is myself 3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）（五） 不定代词1. some与any的区别some多用于肯定句，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。If you have any questions, please ask me.There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? any和some也可以作代词用，any多用于疑问句或否定句中，so多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some.注意：something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any的用法相同。修饰他们的形容词要放在他们的后面。2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别用作形容词：a few, a little表示肯定，few, little表示否定 Im going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. He has few friends. They had little money with them.a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。 Im a little hungry. Let him sleep a little. Mary, go a little faster, please. She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别。other后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。 Where are his other books? I havent any other books except this one.other与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。 He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.other可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常搭配构成“some ., others .”句型。 Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.another“另一个”表示三者以上。You can see another ship in the sea, cant you?4. every与each的区别。eachevery1)可单独使用1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词2)仅作形容词3)着重“个别”3)着重“全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物4)用于三者或三者以上每一个人或物当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。 Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.5. all和both的用法。all指三者以上，谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。 All of us like Mr Pope. = We all like Mr Pope. All the water has been used up. both表示“两个都”。Lucy and Lily both agree with us. Both of them came to see Mary. Michael has two sons. Both are clever.（六）疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首。例如：Who is going to come here tomorrow? Whose umbrella is this? Whom are you waiting for? （七）关系代词关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有 who,whose, whom, that, which.例如：Do you know who is interviewing our headmaster? Im looking at the photograph which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.三、课堂演练（ ）1. Class 2 will go for a picnic. They made 6 oclock to meet at the foot of Mt. Tai. A. itB. thatC. themD. /（ ）2一Who can help _ with my English?-Wang Lin canHe does well in English. Ahim Bme Che DI（ ）3I asked Lily for some water，but she didnt have _ .Asome Bfew Cmany Dany（ ）4-What a big box! Can I help you? -No, thanksTheres _ in itIts empty.Anothing Beverything Canything Dsomething（ ）5- Mom，I want to ask grandpa a question. - Oh. _ is reading a newspaper upstairs.A. He BHim C. His D. Himself（ ）6Theres a red car parking in our neighborhood. Do you know _ it is?A. what B. who C. whose D. whom（ ）7- Do you like the pop star Zhou Jielun or the movie star Liu Dehua? - _. I am not their fan.A. Both BEither CNeither D. All（ ）8. Do you know about David? Yes, I know_ very well. A. he B. himself C. him D. his （ ）9. Got any information about High School Examination? Well, I was trying to, but found_. A. one B. no one C. none D. some （ ）10. Who is singing in the classroom ? must be Susan . A. She B. It C. This D. He（ ）11-Frank cant find _dictionary . Can you lend _ to _? Certainly Aher；mine；her B不填；yours；his Cmy；yours；he Dhis；yours；him（ ）12 The book is _. I wrote _ name on its cover_. Amy, my ,myself B. mine ; my ,myself C. mine ; myself ; my D. myself ; mine ; my （ ）13. Which of the two cameras are you going to buy? -Ill buy _of them, so I can give one to my friend.A. all B. both C. neither D. every one （ ）14. -You look so happy. What happened?-I have got an “A” in _ P.E. test. A. your B. her C. his D. my（ ）15. Money is important in my life. But it isnt _ to me. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything（ ）16. Most young people find_exciting to watch a football match A. it B. this Cthat D. one （ ）17Jimmys parents are teachers_ of them teaches ChineseThey both teach French. ANeither B. Either CAll D. Both （ ）18.-What a hot day! Have you had a drink? -Yes. But Id like to have_after work.A.it B.one C.other D.another（ ）19. My aunt has two children. But _ of them lives with her. A. each B. neither C. either D. both（ ）20. _ school is much bigger than _.A. Our ; their B. Ours; theirs C. Theirs; our D.Their;ours（ ）21. -Do you want tea or coffee? - _. I really dont mind.A. Both B. None C. Either D. Neither（ ）22. Whose are those books? They are _. A. ourB. mineC. yourD. their（ ）23. My parents are workers. both work in thesame factory. A. Them B. They C. He D. She（ ）24. Are you here? Yes, we are. A. all B. anybody C. everybody D. somebody （ ）25. bag is this? Its hers. A. Who B. When C. Whom D. Whose （ ）26. What about leaving at 8 oclock, Mr Green? No. Lets make at seven or even earlier. A. him B. it C. that D. this（ ）27. My bike is broken. May I borrow ？A. you B. yourself C. yours D. your（ ）28. Our city is beautiful. There are a lot of trees on side of the streets.A. both B. all C. either D. neither（ ）29. This is a good book, Each time you read it, you will find .A. something new B. new something C. nothing new D.new nothing（ ）30.Lucys skirt is black. What about ? Mine is white.A. you B. yourC. yours 四、中考题演练( )1. Tom, Please pass _ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her( )2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are _ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few( )3. -You want _ sandwich? -Yes, I usually eat a lot when Im hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other( )4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _. A. they B. them C. themselves D. thei