1初中主谓一致(推荐).doc

主谓一致的用法及专项练习题一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 Jane and Mary look healthy and strongThe number of mistakes was surprising2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。例如：The crowd were running for their livesMy family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia（民兵）等。2)主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 例如：The news was very excitingTwenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，mathematics等。3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。如用连词or，eitheror，neither.nor，not onlybut also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。例如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground.这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。 More than one _is_ good at English.(be) -More than one student _is_ good at English.(be) . More than one, More than one student :“不止一个”的意思，与谓语动词的一致由于在含义上的不直接，取形式上的一直，所以用单数，than是“比”的意思； - More students than one _are_ good at English.(be) . More students than one :“很多学生都（而不是一个）”，在意思上复数意义更明确，取的是意思上的一致，句中than不是“比”，而是“而不是”的意思。比较：Many a boy likes swimming.=Many boys like swimming. 许多男孩子喜欢游泳。More than one student has read the book.=More students than one have read the book. 不止一个学生读过这书。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred17以here，there开头的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三肯定与否定一致 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。 Weve had some(money). We havent had any(money). I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us. He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet. Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either. Both of us are going. Neither of us is going. He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。 My wife likes classic music very much and so do I. She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.主谓一致应注意的几个问题：1.由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or,eitheror，neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。例如：Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和妈妈都是老师。Tom or Jack is wrong. 不是汤姆就是杰克错了。Either this one or that one is OK.这一个或那一个都行。2.以-s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,maths,physics等，例如：No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。3.a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例：A number of famous people were invited to party. 许多名人都被邀请参加这个聚会。The number of the students is over eight houndred. 我们学校学生数超过800人。4.当kind of,pair of, glass of 等表示确定数量的名词短语修饰主语时，谓语与kind,pair,glass等一致。例如：This pair of shoes is Toms.这双鞋是汤姆的。There are two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有两杯水。5. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。6.以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致。例如：There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔。Here are some books and paper for you. 这是给你的书和纸。7.不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数，例如：Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。Nobody was in. 没有人在家。8. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。例如：The writer and teacher is coming.那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人)The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)9. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。例如：People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。10.many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。例如：Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。11. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：More than one student has ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。12. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如：Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。13. 主语是each/every/no+单数名词+and(each/every/no)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。14. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。15. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：To see is to believe 眼见为实Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。16. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。例如：A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。17.当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。18.分数(百分数)+of +名词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。但要注意population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。Part of the work has been done by us .Ten percent of the apples were bad .The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70% of the population are peasants .19. 不定代词由all, most, more, some, any, none作主语时，也要依这些代词表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。如果代词代表复数可数名词，谓语动词用复数；如果代词代表单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。例如：All of the work has been finished.All of the people have gone.20. 在定语从句中主语是关系代词who , that , which , 谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。注意：在“one of +复数名词+ who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，从句谓语的单复数取决于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有the only， 就用复数形式。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. He was the only one of the students who was late for school.主谓一致一般有以下三条原则：1、语法一致，即在语法形式上取得一致，例如主语为单数形式，谓语也用单数形式，主语用复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。The number of mistakes was surprising.Li Ping and her twin sister naturally look a lot alike.2、意义一致，即从意义上着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽为单数但意义为复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式。The crowed were fighting for their lives.或者主语形式虽为复数但意义上视为单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。Three years in a strange land seems like a long time.3、就近原则，即谓语动词的单复数取决于最靠近它的主语。There is a teacher and some students in our classroom.1)当主语为表示度量、时间、金钱、距离等复数名词，一般根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采取单数。Ten dollars is not enough.Three months is a long time.2)有些以-s结尾的n(如news, mathematics, physics, politics)因在意义为单数，所以谓语采用单数形式。The news is exciting.Physics is one of the most difficult subjects for me.3)如果主语是一个表示抽象概念的不定式，动名词或名词性从句，谓动都采用单数形式。To say sth is one thing and to do is another.Whether he comes or not doesnt matter.Reading English magazines and novels is helpful to our English study.4)如果主语为单数，尽管后面跟with, together with, as well as, no less than, like, but, except等引导的短语谓动仍用单数形式。The teacher, as well as some Ss is coming.Nobody but Tom and Marry was in the classroom just now.5)由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词，都作单数看待，因此谓动都采取单数形式。Is everyone here?There is nothing but a card in the box.6）如果主语由each(either, neither)+of+n复数或代词结构担任时，谓动采用单数Has either of them told you?Each of the Ss in our class likes reading.7)如果主语由“many a/ more than one +单数”构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，谓动仍采用单数。Many a student is on the playground.More than one of us has been to Beijing.8)在“each and each” “every and every” “No and no” 连接两个或两个以上的单数n等结构之后，谓语动词通常采用单数形式Each man and each woman was asked to help.9）如果主语是人名、国名、书名或组织机构名称时，即使是复数形式，谓动通常采用单数形式。The United Nations was founded in 1945.10）成对的名词作主语时，谓语动词采用单数形式如：There is a knife and fork on the table.Bread and butter is daily food in the west.11）one and a half + 名复作主语时，谓动用单数。One and a half years has passed.12)有些指多数人或物的n（如people, police, cattle）单数形式，具有复数意义，谓动采用复数形式。The police are looking for the lost boy.13）不可数n前面如有表数量的名词，后面常跟复数动词作谓语。There are three bottles of ink on the desk.Three million tons of coal were exported last year.14)one or two +名复作主语，谓动采用复数形式。One or two persons agree with him.15)few或a few作主语，谓动采用复数形式。Few of us like the book.16）what, who, which, any, more, most, all等代词作主语谓语动词可以是单数也可以是复数形式，主要靠意思。Which is your room?Which are your rooms?All is ready, lets begin the meeting.All are here, lets begin the meeting.17）在It is +n或代词 +that/who 的强调句，谓语动词要与所强调的n或代词一致，如：It is I who am on duty today?It is Tom that is ill.18）如果主语是“the+adj或分词”结构作主语，用来表示一类人谓语v要用复数，用来表示个人或抽象概念，则谓动用单数形式The old are taken good care of in our country.The injured was a good friend of mine.19）两个主语用and连接时，谓动一般用复数My brother and I have both seen the film.Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.但当and连接的两个词是指一个观念或同一个人时，谓动v则用单数：The poet and writer has come.His end and aim is clear to all of us.20)集体n: group, class, family, enemy, team, army, crowd, company, government等作主语时，如果视为整体谓动就用单数，视为其中的个体成员，就用复数The whole family is going there.My family are very well.The government has started a new school project.The government are doing their best to help the poor get rich.21)当一个句子有两个主语，而它们又是由eitheror, neitheror, not onlybut also或notbut连接时谓动通常和邻近的主语保持一致。Neither he nor I have been to Beijing.Is either he or you going there?由there或here引导的句子，主语不止一个，谓语v通常和邻近的那个主语一致。There is a piece of paper, two books and pens on the desk.Here are some books for you.22)表示数量的词语的复数n作主语时，谓动单复数形式取决于句子的意义，看作整体，谓动单数；看作个体，谓动复数Two months is quite a long time.Ten dollars is not enough.The last three years have been full of happiness.23）单复数同形的名sheep, deer, means, fish, fruit作主语时，谓动的单复数根据句子的意思决定。He likes to eat apple, orange and other fruits, but I dont like eat fruit.The milu deer is a kind of deer that used to be common in China.At present there are not many milu deer in nature.24)some, any, none, all, most等代词和half, the rest等n与of短语连用作主语时，谓动的单复数依据of后的名词或代词而定：Some of us like sports.Some of the money was missing.The rest of the apples have been rotten awayThe rest of the fruit has been rotten away.25)one of+复数n作主语时，谓语动词为单数，当定语从句的先行词为 “one of+复数n”时，从句的谓语动词为复数；先行词是the only one of+复数n时，从句的谓语动词为单数（见定语从句例子）One of my books is gone ( missing/ lost)26)表示部分概念或不定数量的n如：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity ofpercent of, a quarter of, one third of修辞主语时，谓动的单复数依据of后的n而定。A lot of work has been finishedThere are a lot of Ss in our school.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water.One third of the ss in our class are league members.27)each作主语或所修辞的n作主语，谓语动词用单数，若eath位于复数n或代词之后作同位语，谓语动词用复数Each of us has a dictionary.Each student in our class has a dictionary.We each have a dictionary.28)population作主语时，谓语v用单数，但几分之几或百分之几+population作主语时，谓语v用复数。The population of China is the largest in the world.At present about 28% of Chinese population smoke.29)两个主语，一个肯定，一个否定，谓语v与肯定的主语保持数和人称的一致。My brother, and not I likes playing football.30)The number of+可复作主语，谓动单数A number of+可复作主语，谓动复数31）在加减乘除的算式中，谓动用单复数均可Three plus three is/ are six.One times two equal/equals to two.中考英语主谓一致习题（含答案）1. Miss Huang together with her friends _ shopping every Sunday evening. A. go B. went C. going D. goes2. The United Nations _ in 1945. A. are set up B. were set up C. was set up D. is set up3. The nations of Western Europe _ worth learning from. A. is B. are C. has D. have4. How many students are there in your class? - _ the students in our class _ over fifty. A. The number of; is B. The number of; are C. A number of; is D. A number of; are5. There _ some foreign visitors talking a walk in the park. A. is B. are C. has D. have6. Everyone except Tom and John _ there when the meeting began. A. was B. were C. is D. are7. Each of the students _ a dictionary. A. have B. has C. is D. are8. The bread and the butter _ their main food. A. is B. are C. has D. have9. The Greens _ France since the spring of 1990. A. have been to B. have been in C. has been to D. had been inHave been in强调“过去曾去过”之意，表示经验；have been to的意思是“过去到过而现在已返回”，它强调“最近的经历”；have gone to表示“动作的完成”，强调人已离开说话的地方。 通过下列句子的对比，可以分清它们各自不同的涵义： They have been in Chicago（1） They have been to Chicago（2） They have gone to Chicago（3） （1）句的意思是“他们曾去过芝加哥”，此语强调过去的经历，但没有说明现在是否已回来。言外之意，他们到过芝加哥，他们知道芝加哥在何处，该城市有多大，人口有多少等等。 （2）句的意思是“他们曾到过芝加哥，现在已回来了”。此语强调的是往返的经历。 （3）句的意思是“他们已到芝加哥去了”，此语的言外之意是“也许他们已经到达，也许现在还在途中”，它强调“去”的动作已经完成，所以人已不在说话的地点。10. How many teachers are there in your school? - About 150. One third of them _ men teachers. A. have B. has C. are D. is11. When and where to go for the holiday _ yet. A. have not been decided B. is not decided C. are not decided D. has not been decided12. How time flies! Three years _ really a short time. A. is B. are C. was D. were13. Do you know _ the population of Yunnan_ ? - Yes. Its about forty-three million. A. how many; is B. what; is C. how much; is D. what; are14. Your trousers _ dirty, you must have _ washed. A. is, them B. are, it C. are, them D. is, it15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smiths _ tired of having one examination. A. is B. are C. was D. were16. My brother asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest _ difficult. A. were B. are C. was D. is当其后接名词复数时，谓语动词用复数形式，如the rest of the boys like basketball. 但当其后接不可数名词时，谓语动词就用单数形式，如The rest of the water is clean，所以the rest of -作主语是，其谓语动词单复数形式，取决于the rest of 后面的名词是可数名词复数还是不可数17. The poor _ happy; but the rich _ sad. A.