院士英语笔记.doc

英语笔记（特别鸣谢院士供稿）1 区别will与be going to：will有主动的意愿；be going to计划打算，有迹象2 prefer sth = prefer to do sth=prefer doing sth=prefer to do sth rather than do sth= prefer doing sth to doing sth.3 be going to be = be going to become 两个都出现时选用be4 Thats too bad = What a shame = What a pity5 fall down from = fall off6 rowing = rowing a boat 动名词7 do sb a favor = give sb a hand=help sb8 somewhere else = 1.解释为某个地方another place；2.解释为其他地方other places9 Whats another way of (doing) = What do you mean by (doing)=what doesmean? （做）是什么意思10 by chance = by accident = occasionally adv.（副词）偶然地11 回答sorry的用语 = 1.Never mind;2.Its doesnt matter;3.ThatsOK;4.Its nothing;5.Thats all right.12 区别goal,score,point与mark：goal进球少的比赛得分，一般特指足球；score指得分多的比赛得分（队伍得分），指篮球等；point指积点（个人得分），如电子游戏中的经验值等；mark指成绩、分等级的得分，有时同于grade13 find great pleasure doing sth = have a good/great time doing sth = have fun doing sth14 be sure + 1.of sth;2.about sth;3.to do sth;4.从句15 agree with sb;agree to sth; make an agreement16 be angry with sb;be angry at sth17 hold 举办；host 主办、主持18 from now on = in future19 get well = be all right = be OK 某人身体(变)好20 sb have a = sb take a 某人参加（他人举办）；sb give a 某人参加（某人举办这件事）21 do the dishes = make the dishes 做盘菜22 do sth in a hurry = hurry (off) to do sth = be hurried to do sth = do sth. hurriedly23 these days = =at present = recently=lately24 dont have to = neednt25 ring + 1.off挂断电话；2.with打电话交谈、回响；3.back回电话；4.up打电话；5.road环状公路26 give A the message = leave a message for A = take a message for B to A27 give sb energy for sth = give energy for sth to sb 为得到某物而对某人提供能量28 aid sb with sth = aid sb in sth 帮某人做某事29 Its ones duty to do sth = be in duty bound to do sth30 leisure time、 free time、 spare time 只是意思相近，具体要看题目中文意思。31 be of great value = valuable = have great value; sth be valuable for sb to do sth32 teach oneself sth = learn sth by oneself33 Which hobbies did you use to have = What hobbies did you use to have34 daily = everyday = every days；频度副词时则用every day/year35 go on doing sth 继续做未做完的事；go on to do sth 接着做还没做过的事；go on with 指中间没有停顿地做某事36 be popular with = be popular among37 be still doing sth = still do38 continue to do = continue doing;continue to do = go on to do;continue doing =go on doing39 hate doing sth,hate to do sth与like/love doing sth,like/love to do sth区别一样40 nobody = no one（做主语时）= not any body（做宾语时）41 Do you think？回答：Yes,I think so./Yes,I agree(with you)./(No,)I dont think so./No,I dont agree(with you)（一般不用，过于直白） I think 回答：(Yeah/Yes)You are right./I think so./Maybe you are right（委婉表示否定）/I dont agree with you./No,you are wrong.（后两种一般不用，过于直白，特别是最后一种）42 come on = hurry up 快点43 in the early/middle/late 1990s 在二十世纪九十年代早期/中期/晚期44 tooto = notenough to = sothatnot45 区别village,countryside,country与suburbs：village 指看得见的具体村庄、庄园；countryside （概念）乡村；country （概念）农村，乡下，（具体）县；suburbs郊外46 give sb joy = give sb happiness = give sb pleasure47 feed sb on/with sth = feed sth to sb 用某物喂某人48 be made + 1.up of 由部分组成，构成；2.of 由制成，可以看出；3.from由制成，不可看出；4.into 被用来制成；5.in 在地区被制造出；6.by 由（人）制造出；7.with 加（零件）制造49 run towards sb 跑向；turn to sb 向某人寻求帮助50 play tricks/joys/jokes on sb 捉弄某人，开某人玩笑 51 Have a try = give it a try = try doing sth(it指代的事物)52 inorder = in order of = inturns（偏向排队等队列顺序） 按照顺序53 do sth by turns = take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 Its ones turns to do sth.轮到某人做某事54 be helpful for sth = be helpful in sth 在某方面有帮助55 be falling down 残破不堪的；pull down 拆毁56 treasure 宝藏，财富；wealth 财富 两者在通常情况下是不可数的57 How are you = How are you doing 回答:Fine./Very well.58 a ticket to = a ticket for 两个都出现时选用to59 1.seem + (adj/形容词) 看起来（形容词或表语）2.seemed to do sth 看起来要做某事；be seen to do sth被看到做了某事 3.it seems + 从句60 smell nice与taste delicious 等均为系表结构61 care for sb well（偏向弱小者） = take good care of = look after well 好好照顾某人62 见第五点，fall into 落入63 haveyears of history = have a history ofyears64 be strict in sth = be strict about sth65 talk about = have a talk about66 Take it easy = Dont be nervous. = Easy,+（人名）（最后一句多用口语）67 fail in + 学科 = fail the +学科+exam68 accept 同意，反义词refuse；receive 收到（不论主观同意与否）69 Whats more = besides（可置于句首）= even more = even（不置于句首）70 no longer = not any longer（前两者强调时间）no more（强调程度与次数）71 elder指同一家族的辈分问题；older单纯指年龄问题72 even though even if 区别：even if一般引导的是把握不大或假设的事情, even though引出的是事实73 although（可置于句首，较为正式、书面）= though（不可置于句首）74 what to do with = how to deal with75 follow ones advice = take ones advice76 by the end of 到末为止（使用过去完成时或一般将来时）77 Thats very nice of you. 表示感谢78 get along with = get on with79 影响：affect 动词；effect 名词80 put + 1.up挂起；2.away 收拾好；3.out熄灭（火焰）；4.off 推迟81 stay in a good spirit = keep a good spirit82 go on a trip = go on a visit 偏向较正式的参观83 Whats the price of sth = What about the price（当面询问价格时才可替换）84 book = make areservation 预定85 have tickets at +金额 = each ticket is +金额86 in the chair 有扶手的椅子；on the chair 无扶手，如板凳等 on the bench 87 upon the top of = get to the top of = get at the top of（一般不用第一种）88 一般过去式+as soon as+过去完成时 = no sooner+过去完成时+than+一般过去式 = hardly+过去完成时+when+一般过去式89 You bet！（口语）=Certainly. = Sure. = Of course.90 hear from = receive a letter from = get a letter from91 be busy with sth = be busy doing sth92 be spread over = be covered with（常在物体覆盖时替换）93 take out sth (out of sp/sw) （从某处）拿出某物94 in the+（adj./形容词）+direction 在/从方向；in the direction of在/朝方向；in all directions 四面八方95 as常用中文解释：1.随着；2.作为96 ask sb for help = turn to sb;turn to sb也有转身面向某人的意思；turn +1.around 横向180；2.over 纵向18097 rush to sb 奔向某人；run towards sb 跑向某人；run into 撞向，撞到98 区别path,road,way与street：path指小径或是虚拟的道路，如the path to success；road指真实的路，多指汽车行驶的公路；way指两点一线的路，强调行进的目的与目的地，如the way to school；street多指商业街或两旁有建筑物或商店的街道99 later （adv./副词）晚一些的；later that year 那年晚些时候，过了那年的一小段时间；late that year 那年以后，前后无关系100 hold the line = hold on；Speaking = Go ahead 电话用语101 keep up 坚持不懈；keep on继续（强调不断地）；go on = continue102 sb make sth come true = sth will come true；come true一般不用被动语态103 later on = soon = later104 pour A over B 把A涂抹/倾倒在B上；spread A over B 把A覆盖在B上，在B地区传播A信息/疾病105 见第54点 在某方面有帮助；be helpful to对某方面/某人有帮助106 closed 关门；closed down 倒闭；open开门/开业107 kind-hearted等词为复合性形容词，形式为（adj./形容词）-（n./名词）+“ed”108 the river is clean = the water（特指河里的水）is clear109 sth be worthy to be done = be worth doing sth = sth be worthy of being done;sb/sth be worthy of sth = sb/sth be worth110 in short = in a word111 such a clever boy = so clever a boy = a so clever boy112 depend on = depend upon 取决于113 in/on/with 可以表示穿着；sb in+颜色/（a+衣服）；衣服+on+sb；with不一定指穿着，可指携带的物品114 survey 调查；research 研究115 another+数词+可数名词复数 = 数词+more+可数名词复数 注意：one more+可数名词单数116 at one time = once = for a time = on one occasion 一度117 in the past = in the old days118 介绍朋友：1.This is 两人不认识；2.Here is 两人认识119 on weekends = at the weekend120 get to sw/sp = reach sw/sp = arrive at（小）/in（大） sw/sp121 见第一百零三点 （重复了不好意思 T T 好好复习。）122 What else? = Anything else? = What other things?123 Work hard at = work on = do sth hard = try to do sth 努力做，从事124 learn a lot = learn much125 a moment later = after a while = after a minute126 What do sb + 1.be like （性格等）本质；2.look like （像）外表127 rent to 租给；rent from 从租到128 at the street corner = on the street corner（on the corner表示外部拐角处，大于180）；at the English corner = in the English corner（in the corner表示内部角落，小于180）129 dont work = be broken130 get sb to do sth = call sb to do sth = ask sb to do sth = tell sb to do sth131 go up = go down = go along=go on直走；go up to the end 走到尽头132 change to+交通工具+to sw/sp 转乘某交通工具去某地；change to+交通工具+at sw/sp 在某地转乘某交通工具133 walk on = go on = go straight ahead 继续（往前）直走134 keep sb doing sth = make sb do sth135 Whats the shape of it? = What shape is it?136 make a silent wish = make a wish in silence137 in one breath 一口气；take a deep breath 深呼吸；out of breath 上气不接下气，无法呼吸138 all the day = the whole day139 表褒义的“非常”，表达时nice and = very140 take a walk = go for a walk = go out for a walk141 begin 开始；last 持续；end 结束142 each of = every one of = each one of143 at any time = anytime144 touch sb：1.on the+部位（硬的，凸的）；2.in the+部位（软的，凹的）145 go on the trip = have the trip = go on holidays 继续旅行（特殊情况下第三种也可替换）146 knock at = knock on147 区别quick,fast,rapid与soon：quick 动作快（敏捷）；fast 速度快（迅速）；rapid 变化快；soon 时间快（两件事情时间跨度短）148 keep/get in touch with 保持/取得与的联系；lose touch with 失去与的联系149 within 在（一般为时间段）之内，多用将来时；in 在（一般为时间段）之后，在将来时时译为在之后，其他时态可译为在之内150 区别past,across,above,over,under,upon,up,down,into,in,on与through：past 从一旁经过；across 从表面经过，多无弧度；above 在上方，无论角度或是轨迹；over 在上方，指经过上空，一般有弧度；under 在下方，无论角度或是轨迹；upon为动态介词，一般与动作动词连接，译为“到上方”；up一般指垂直上升；相反down一般指垂直下降；into为动态介词，用法与upon相同，译为“到内部”；in为静态介词，一般单独使用，译为“在内部”；on为静态介词，用法与on相同，译为“在上面”；through 从内部经过151 名词修饰名词（作定语）：1.表分类，如flower shop、ghost movie、health problem等；2.表地点，如castle river、Beijing Opera等；3.表材料，如wood chopsticks，gold medal等；4.表时间，如afternoon snack；Christmas card等152 the relation of/the relation between/the relation among 1.表示物与物之间的关系不可数；2.表示亲属关系可数；3.表示国家关系可数153 relation 关系；relative 亲人；relationship 关系网154 increase by：1.按速度增长；2.增加了； increase to 增加到155 almost/nearly 后跟不定代词时两者不可替换，其他情况一般可以替换156 a great deal of = a lot of = a great number of157 有一些情况下，动词+=make a/the +名词+of/to+，如collect=make the collection of；prepare = make preparation to sth；decide = make a decision to do sth158 直接引语变间接引语：时间：todaythat day；this morningthat morning；tonightthat night；nowthen；yesterdaythe day before；last nightthe night before；the day before yesterdaytwo days before；agobefore；tomorrowthe next week；地点：herethere；指示代词：this（these）that（those）注意：.如果在需转述用语当天转述，时间的引语不变；.如果在需转述用语当地转述，地点的引语不变；.如果需转述用语的物体在说话者视野内，指示代词的引语不变；159 once：1.一次；2.从前；3.一旦（主将从现）160 treat sb as= regard sb as= consider sb as161 区别master,learn与study：master 掌握；learn 学习（技巧技术）；study 研究162 区别medicine,pill,drug与drop：medicine（口服）药水；pill 药丸，颗粒（有时也指药片）；drug 药片，毒品；drop 点滴，吊瓶药液163 in the pastyear = in the lastyear164 the following year = the coming year165 go deaf = become deaf = have hearing loss166 produce electricity by wind/from the sun 风力/太阳能发电167 throw around = throw about168 take the place of sb = take ones place169 put sth + 1.on/onto the ground 放在地上；2.in/into the ground 埋起来170 区别day by day与day after day：day by day 一天天（强调程度递进与层次关系）；day after day 日复一日（强调持续状态与频率）171 区别should,ought to,be supposed to,have to,must：should 多表示提建议，语气较为委婉；ought to表示有义务地应去做某事；be supposed to 理所应当地或成为风俗习惯地应做某事；have to 表示客观上地应该做某事，多解释称“被迫做某事（特殊情况下可与be forced to替换）、不得不做某事”；must 带有强制性，比较武断、直接，多解释为“必须、一定得做某事”172 区别plant与grow：plant 强调栽种这个动作，没有后续过程；grow 指让长大，怀着某个目的去种的过程，带有“养”的含义173 agree on sth;agree with sb;agree to do sth174 very little/few;only a little/a few;quite a little/a few/little/few175 speed up 加速；reach a top speed of 达到最高时速；drive at a speed of 用速度驾驶176 go to see 强调第二个动词发生在第一个动词之后，或第二个动词是第一个动词的目的；除这两者以外都用go and see177 be poor at = do badly in = be weak in/at 在某方面做得不好178 travel to 去自己国家以外的国家游玩；travel in 在所在的国家以内游玩179 祈使句反意疑问句（包括let us）用will you；只有lets用shall we180 in general = generally = generally speaking181 for ones company = on business182 whenever = no matter when183 sometimes = at times = once in a while184 mother tongue/language = native tongue/language 母语185 English speakers 讲英语的人；English-speaking country 讲英语的国家；native speaker 讲母语的人186 in international business 在国际商业中187 见第四十一点，补充表示不赞同：Not exactly./(No,)I dont think so.188 cant follow you = cant understand you = cant catch you(r +meaning)189 in the beginning = first = at first = first of all190 oral English = spoken English191 mistake A for B 把A错当成B；by mistake （adv./副词）错误地；make mistakes 出错误192 good job = well done 做得好193 complete = finish194 manned 载人的；man-made 人造的195 三类复合性形容词：adj.（形容词）-n.（名词）+“ed”；n.（名词）-v.（动词过去完成时）表被动的；n.（名词）-v.（动词现在进行时）表主动的196 make ones dream (come) true = achieve ones dream = realize ones dream 实现梦想197 three hundred of（总数超过三百）其中三百个；hundreds of 成百上千的；three hundred 三百个198 do some shopping = go shopping199 answer sb = reply to sb200 Whats the English for this = How to say this in English = Whats this in English201 think/act of oneself 独立思考/行动202 see sth oneself = see sth with ones own eyes203 make up ones mind to do sth = decide to do sth = make a decision to do sth204 be proud of = take pride in205 wipe = clean up = erase 擦干净206 without any = with no207 区别personal与private：personal 个人的，可公开，无论隐私与否；private 私人的，隐私的，不公开的；一般情况下（不吹毛求疵）personal = private208 数量用法：the +可数名词单数=泛指/特指；the +不可数名词=特指；the +可数名词复数=特指；可数名词单数=引申义；不可数名词=泛指/特指；名词复数=泛指；a/an +可数名词单数 泛指/单只209 见第一百四十四点，covered与其相同用法210 in the province of = in theprovince211 区别a photo of me与a photo of mine：a photo of me指照片上有我，即照我的照片，它的所有者可能不是我，是他人的照片（强调照片上拍出的人物）；a photo of mine指照片上未必有我，即照片的归属人是我，我拥有这张照片（强调照片的所有者关系）212 见第一百四十四点，slap、hit与其相同用法213 have an argument with = argue with sb;同时区别argue与quarrel：argue指理性地辩论、争辩、论战等；quarrel指不理性地争吵、争斗、吵架等，介绍成吵架时quarrel = fight214 get off the bus = get out of the bus215 in the past = once upon a time216 a bit = a little217 a bit of +不可数 a lot of +可数/不可数218 区别below与under：below 在以下（多指数据、数字）；under 在下面（多指空间、方位）219 某些情况下，upon = over = above = on220 in the distance 长距离，有一段距离；at the distance of +长度 有一段（多长）距离221 secret：1.the secret(s) of 的秘诀；2.keep (a secret)/secrets 保密222 区别colored与colorful：colored 非黑白的，有颜色的，着色的；colorful 五彩缤纷的223 Is there a telephone number = May I have your telephone number224 move +：1.away 搬走，搬出去；2.to 搬去；3.in/into 搬进225 区别new和late：new 外表上新的；late 时间上更新较晚的226 two thirds = two-thirds 二分之三227 区别attack,fight,win,get,beat与defeat：attack 形式较为书面，尤指攻击起始到过程的阶段；fight 奋斗、斗争，泛指该动作，也可解释为打架、争吵等；win 指胜利的结果，后面只加比赛、战役一类名词；get 多用于口语，如“Get it！”（揍他！/赢了！/成功了！）；beat 后面只加对手或敌人，解释为v.（动词）击败时可与defeat替换；defeat v.（动词）用法与beat相同，但是作为n.（名词）击败时不可与beat替换（因为beat作为名次时常只有节拍、鼓点的意思）228 turn left at the first turning = take the first turning on the left229 技巧（仅供参考）：区别画线句提问的疑问词which与what：画线句在be之前，常用which；在be之后，常用what （谨慎使用！）230 回答：1.Can you spell it？必须先说yes/no；2.How do you spell it？可直接回答231 think +of 1.想（=think about）2.认为；about 1.想（=think of）2.微微考虑；over 仔细考虑；out 想出232 what do you do (for living) = whats your job = what are you = what do you do233 区别Thats right,Thats all right与All right：Thats right 表示赞同对方观点，那是对的；Thats all right 回答“sorry”，没关系；All right 表示同意对方建议，译为“好吧”234 go to the cinema = go to the movies = watch the movie(s) =