山东省高考英语二轮复习 专题整合突破十 特殊句式和交际用语.doc

2013年高考第二轮复习英语山东版十、特殊句式和交际用语真题试做1(2012山东高考，22)sorry im late.i got stuck in traffic._.youre here now.come in and sit down.ayou are welcomebthats rightci have no idea dnever mind2(2011山东高考，22)im sorry i broke the vase.oh，_.it wasnt very expensive.ayoud better not bim afraid notcas you wish dthats all right3(2010山东高考，21)do you think you could do without help?_.this is not the first time for me.atake care bhurry upcnot exactly ddont worry4(2009山东高考，27) so sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape.adid the attack bthe attack didcwas the attack dthe attack was考向分析从近几年高考试题来看，特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法，交际用语主要考查语境和英语思维习惯。命题的着重点在以下几个方面：1考查倒装句式，特别注意以下三种情况：(1)含有否定意义的词置于句首时，部分倒装。(2)only位于句首修饰状语等，部分倒装。(3)so/such.that句型中，so/such位于句首时，后面的主句倒装，that从句不倒装。2考查省略句的构成，尤其是以下四种情况：(1)省略主语、主语和谓语、主语和谓语的一部分。(2)状语从句省略为“连词非谓语动词”形式，务必要明确句子主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系以及非谓语动词与谓语的时间关系。(3)不定式的省略。(4)not，so，neither，nor的“替代性”省略。3考查强调句型的构成和强调谓语的方法。近几年高考更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，以下几个方面要引起高度重视：(1)强调句型的一般疑问句式和特殊疑问句式的构成。(2)强调not.until.句型的特殊构成方式。(3)把强调句型与定语从句、省略句以及强调句型与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。4考查习惯应答类交际用语。考查的方式以应答为主、提问为辅，侧重考查上下句在语气上的和谐一致以及考生的英语思维意识。要求考生掌握一些常见的诸如打电话、问路、购物等交际话题的固定套语，以及表示感谢、道歉、请求等的应答用语。5考查语言结构类交际用语。常以习惯用法和变异句(如省略句)的方式呈现，侧重考查考生的识记能力和知识积累。要求考生依据对话情景和所掌握的正确交际用语来作出选择。热点例析考点一：倒装句1全部倒装常见的情况：(1)here/there/out/in/up/down/away等副词置于句首，句子主语又是名词时，须用全部倒装语序。如：here is a letter for you.out rushed the children.away went the boy.句子主语是代词时，不用倒装语序。如：here she comes.out they rushed.(2)有的句子为了保持前后平衡、使上下文紧密衔接，或为了表达生动，或为了强调表语或状语，常采用全部倒装语序。如：present at the meeting will be the person who thinks up an idea for this programme.(3)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时，须用全部倒装语序。如：in front of his house sat a small boy.(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，表示前面的情况也适用于另一者时，须用全部倒装语序。如：he is a doctor.so is his wife.i have never been there，and neither has he.so位于句首，但表示对前面所说情况的认同和强调、前后主语一致时，不用倒装，这时 so意为“的确，确实，真的”。 如：he can speak english.so he can.【典例分析】 (2012四川高考，5)this is not my story，nor_the whole story.my story plays out differently.ais therebthere iscis it dit is答案为c项。句意：这不是我的故事，也不是整个故事。我的故事结局是不同的。nor位于句首时，应用倒装结构。该句主语应该是it而不是there be句型，故选c项。(2010重庆高考，33) at the meeting place of the yangtze river and the jialing river _，one of the ten largest cities in china.alies chongqing bchongqing liescdoes lie chongqing ddoes chongqing lie答案为a项。表示地点或方位的副词、介词短语等位于句首作状语时，句子应用全部倒装，故选a项。2部分倒装常见的情况：(1)含有否定意义的副词或连词never/not/nowhere/little/seldom/hardly/not only/no sooner等置于句首时，须用部分倒装语序。如：never shall i forget it.hardly had i reached the bus stop when the bus started.(2)only置于句首，修饰状语时，须用部分倒装语序。如：only in this way can you learn english well.(3)as意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，须用部分倒装语序，把表语、状语或动词原形提前，并且作表语的名词提前时，不能带有冠词。如：pretty as she is，she is not clever.try as he would，he might fail again.(4)表示“如此以至于”的so/such.that.句型，为强调而把so/such.置于句首时，须用部分倒装语序。如：so carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.【典例分析】 (2012上海高考，29) only with the greatest of luck _ to escape from the rising flood waters.amanaged she bshe managedcdid she manage dshe did manage答案为c项。only位于句首修饰状语时，后面的句子要用部分倒装语序，故c项正确。(2012辽宁高考，32)not until he retired from teaching three years ago _ having a holiday abroad.ahe had considered bhad he consideredche considered ddid he consider答案为d项。句意：直到他三年前从教学岗位上退休，他才考虑去国外度假。否定意义的副词置于句首时，句子要采用部分倒装语序，且根据retired判断应用一般过去时，故d项正确。(2012陕西高考，18)hot _ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.aalthough bascwhile dhowever答案为b项。句意：尽管晚上天气很热，我们还是睡得很沉，因为经过长时间的旅行之后我们太累了。as 引导让步状语从句时需用倒装，其形式是将作表语的形容词或名词置于句首。考点二：省略句1不定式的省略。某些动词后面可省略作宾语的不定式而只保留to。但to后有系动词be或助动词have时，be和have也应保留。如：he did not give me the chance，though he had promised to (give me the chance)are you an engineer?no，but i want to be (an engineer)he hasnt finished the task yet.well，he ought to have (finished the task)2在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，从句主语可以省略，同时将从句的谓语动词变为分词形式。如果主语与从句谓语是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，用过去分词。如：while waiting/he was waiting there，he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.if not/he is not invited，he wont go to your birthday party.3在时间、地点、条件、让步等状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，其后动词是be时，可省去“主语be” 部分。如：when (he was) still a boy of ten，he had to work day and night.if (it is) necessary，ill explain to you again.4表示“除了”的介词but前若有实义动词do/does/did/done，后面的动词不定式不带to。如：i could do nothing but wait there.介词but前若没有动词do及其变化形式，后面的不定式带to。如：we had no choice but to obey the rules.【典例分析】 (2012课标全国高考，32)film has a much shorter history，especially when _ such art forms as music and painting.ahaving compared to bcomparing toccompare to dcompared to答案为d项。compare.to.意为“把和进行比较”，在该题when后面为非谓语形式，由于句子主语film和compare为被动关系，所以应用过去分词形式，此处是when it (film) is compared to such art forms as music and painting的省略。考点三：强调句型1构成形式：it is/was被强调部分that/who/whom.2强调句型常用来强调句子的主语、宾语或状语。该句型的主语总是无意义的it，不可换用this或that。无论强调什么，引导词都可用that，强调人时，引导词可用who/whom，不可使用其他引导词。如：it was li ping that/whom i met in the park yesterday.was it yesterday that he met li ping?when and where was it that you were born?3not until置于句首时须用倒装语序。强调not.until.句型的时间状语时，要把not与until连在一起。如：it was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.4在强调句型中，当强调主语时，其后的谓语动词应同被强调成分的人称和数保持一致。如：it is i who am responsible for the accident.5强调句型不能用来强调句子的谓语。需要强调谓语动词时，要借助于助动词do/does/did，表示“确实，真的，务必”之意。如：do sit down.he does work very hard.【典例分析】 (2012湖南高考，30)it was not until i came here _ i realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.awhobthat cwheredbefore答案为b项。句意：直到来到此地我才意识到此处出名的不仅是它的美景而且还有这里的天气。判断是否是强调句式的方法是将it is/was.that去掉时句式是否完整。不难看出此处是强调not until引导的时间状语，故b项正确。(2012重庆高考，32)it was 80 years before christopher columbus crossed the atlantic _ zheng he had sailed to east africa.awhen bthatcafter dsince答案为b项。该题为强调句型。强调的是时间状语80 years before christopher columbus crossed the atlantic，故用that来引导。句意：在哥伦布横渡大西洋80年前，郑和就已经航海到达了东非。考点四：反意疑问句构成形式：“肯定句否定疑问句”或“否定句肯定疑问句”1前面若有多个句子并列，则以最后一个句子为准；若前面部分为主从复合句，一般来说，以主句为准；但若主从复合句的主句谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect/guess等，主语又是第一人称且为一般现在时、谓语又没有任何副词修饰时，反意疑问部分的动词、时态、人称则以从句为准，而肯、否定形式依主句而定。mr.smith had been to beijing for several times，so he should have been in china now，shouldnt he?he said he wanted to visit japan，didnt he?i dont think he is bright，is he?2前面句子含有must/cant/may等表示推测的词时，疑问部分则依据句子的实际时态及时间状语而定。he must be a doctor，isnt he?he must have finished it yesterday，didnt he?3前面部分有否定意义的no，nothing，nobody，never，few，seldom，hardly，rarely，little等词时，后面部分用肯定形式；但若前面部分含有由否定词缀构成的否定词时，后面部分还是用否定形式。some plants never blossom，do they?it is impossible，isnt it?【典例分析】 (2011上海高考，30)it doesnt matter if they want to come to your party，_？adoesnt it bdoes itcdont they ddo they答案为b项。复合句的反意疑问句的构成原则就是与主句保持一致，该题主句部分为否定，所以答案为b项。句意：他们是否来参加你的聚会没有关系，是吗？(2012江苏高考，25)there is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？ais there bisnt therecis he disnt he答案为a项。一般来说，复合句后面的反意疑问句应根据主句构成，可排除c、d项；该题主句中有否定意义的little，所以反问时用肯定形式，答案为a项。考点五：社会交往类交际用语1介绍：this is.id like you to meet.my name is.im.2告别：nice meeting you./nice having you here.3感谢和应答：thank you very much./thanks a lot./many thanks./thanks for helping me.not at all./thats ok./thats all right./youre welcome./dont mention it./(its)my pleasure./its nothing./think nothing of it.4道歉和应答：im sorry./im sorry to trouble you.it doesnt matter./its not important./thats nothing./forget it./thats all right./never mind./no problem./not to worry.5祝愿、祝贺和应答：(1)good luck！/best wishes to you./have a nice/good time/journey./congratulations! thank you.(2)happy new year！/merry christmas! the same to you.(3)happy birthday to you.thank you.6遗憾和同情：what a pity！/im sorry to hear that./thats really unlucky./bad luck./just my luck.7邀请和应答：would you like to.?yes，id love to./that would be fine./thats very kind of you./all right./yes，i will.i would love to，but./i am afraid i cant./sorry，i cant.8提供帮助和应答：can i help you？/what can i do for you？/here，take this/my bike./let me do it for you.thanks for your help./yes，please./no，thanks./thats very kind of you.9请求允许和应答：(1)may/can/could i.?yes./certainly./of course./yes，do please./ok./all right.(2)do/would you mind if i.?no，not at all./never mind./youd better not.10请求和应答：can/could you.for me？/will/would you please do sth.？/may i have.？/please give/pass me.with pleasure./certainly./sure，go ahead./yes，help yourself./of course not，go ahead.im afraid not./better not./i would rather you didnt./no，thank you.11劝告、建议和应答：(1)if i were you，id./it might be a good idea if you./have you ever thought of.？/i strongly advise you to./personally，i think youd better./you need (to).(2)why not do.？/why dont you do.？/what about.？/how about doing.？/shall we.？/lets.，shall we?肯定应答：good idea./thats great./sounds great./it sounds good./thats fine./why not?否定应答：i would love to，but./i am afraid.12打电话：(1)this is.(speaking)/it is.here.(2)whos that (speaking/calling)？/is that.(speaking)?(3)hold on，please./hold the line，please.(4)can i take a message?(5)can you give/leave a message?(6)can/could i ask who is calling?13购物：(1)what can i do for you？/whats the price of.?(2)its well worth the money.(3)have you got anything a little cheaper?(4)how much does it come to?(5)its a bit too large (small，plain etc.)for me.(6)thats fine.ill take it.14问路和应答：excuse me.can you tell me the way to.？/how can i get to.?go down this street./turn right at the first crossing./its only a tenminute walk from here./go straight ahead till you see.15就餐：(1)what would you like (to have)？/would you like something to drink?id like.(2)would you like some more.?just a little，please./im full，thank you./no，i enjoyed it very much，but i wont have any more.(3)make yourself at home./help yourself to.16看病：医生用语：(1)whats wrong with you？/whats the matter with you？/whats your trouble？/is there anything wrong with you?(2)take this medicine three times a day.(3)youll have to have an examination./youll have to have a chemical examination./you need an injection.(4)take it easy./its nothing serious./youll be well./youll be all right soon.病人用语：i have got a pain here./this place hurts./there is something wrong with my back/leg/arm./ive got a cough/headache/toothache/stomachache/fever./i feel bad/terrible/sick today.i dont feel well/all right today.17谈论天气：whats the weather like today？/how is the weather in.？/whats the weather going to be like at the weekend?18祝酒用语：(1)lets drink to./drink a toast to./cheers!(2)i now propose a toast to./id like to propose a toast to.19语言困难：pardon？/would you please say that again？/would you please say that more slowly？/what do you mean by.？/im sorry i cant follow you./im sorry i know only a little english.【典例分析】 (2012安徽高考，22)may i help you？you seem to be having some problems._，thanks.i think i can manage.aall right bno problemcits all right dtheres no way答案为c项。句意：我可以帮助你吗？你好像有麻烦。不用了，谢谢。我认为我能应付。all right意为“行，好吧”；no problem意为“没问题”；its all right意为“没关系，不用了”；theres no way意为“没办法，没门”。由句意可知，c项符合语境。(2012重庆高考，26)the modern art exhibition in the city museum has been cancelled.oh，no! _.aits a pity bit doesnt matterci knew it already dits not interesting at all答案为a项。由上句可知现代艺术展已取消了，下句中“no”说明这是后者不愿看到的事情，故选a项表示遗憾。b项表示“没关系”；c项表示“我早知道了”；d项表示“一点也没意思”，三项都不符合题意。句意：在市博物馆举行的现代艺术展已经取消了。噢，不，真遗憾。考点六：态度类交际用语1同意和不同意：(1)certainly./sure./of course./yes，please./yes，i think so./all right./ok./i couldnt agree more./exactly./absolutely./no problem./thats a good idea./i agree with you.(2)not really./not exactly./that depends./no way./its hard to say./i am afraid not./no，i dont think so./im afraid not./i really cant agree with you.2肯定和不肯定：(1)im sure./im sure that.(2)im not sure./im not sure whether/if./maybe.3禁止和警告：you mustnt./take care！/look out！/you are not allowed to.【典例分析】 (2012天津高考，5)you have to believe in yourself.no one else will，if you dont._.confidence is really important.aits not my cup of tea bthats not the pointci dont think so di couldnt agree more答案为d项。根据下文的句子“confidence is really important.”可知，答话人完全同意说话人的看法，故选d项表示“我完全同意”。a项表示“这不是我喜欢的人或物”；b项表示“那不是重点或关键”；c项表示“我不这样认为”。(2012天津高考，1)can i have a day off tomorrow，mr. johnson?_.i can manage without you.aforget it bim afraid notcit depends dof course答案为d项。根据下文的句子“i can manage without you.”可判断，答话人同意了对方请一天假的要求，故选择d项“当然可以”。a项表示“不必在意”；b项表示“恐怕不行”；c项表示“视情况而定”。考点七：情感类交际用语1惊奇：how come.？/is that so？/what a surprise！/good heavens.2同情：im sorry to hear that./what a pity./bad luck.3安慰：make yourself at home./take your time./take it easy./it will be ok./dont worry./its quite all right.4鼓励：come on./cheer up./well done./you will make it.5不在乎：so what？/who cares?【典例分析】 (2012江苏高考，24)dont worry，mum.the doctor said it was only the flu._！ill tell dad theres nothing serious.awhat a relief bcongratulationschow surprising dim so sorry答案为a项。a项意为“可以松口气了，总算放心了”；b项意为“祝贺你”；c项意为“多么令人吃惊啊”；d项意为“我实在抱歉”。根据前面的only the flu和后面的nothing serious判断病情不严重，所以选a项。(2012浙江高考，20)im going to san francisco for a couple of days._.i wish i could get away for a while.ait doesnt matter bforget itci really envy you di cant agree more答案为c项。根据后句“i wish i could get away for a while.”可判断，此处表示“我真的很羡慕你”。a项表示“没关系，不要紧”；b项表示“没关系”；d项表示“我完全同意”。(2012江西高考，27)have you paid？whats my share of the bill?_.it wasnt very much.adont worry about it bits my sharecnone of your business dits up to you答案为a项。根据下文“it wasnt very much.”可判断，回答者的意思是“(钱又不多)不必为此担心”。c项表示“不管你的事”；d项表示“由你说了算，由你做决定”。误区警示1倒装句的易错点(2012江西高考，32)never before _ seen anybody who can play tennis as well as robert.ahad she bshe hadchas she dshe has【错混透析】c表示否定意义的副词(词组)位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装，可排除b、d两项；根据时间状语和定语从句的时态可判断应使用现在完成时，故选c项。该题易误选a项，主要是忽视了谓语发生的时间。(2012天津高考，6)only after mary read her composition the second time _ the spelling mistake.adid she notice bshe noticedcdoes she notice dshe has noticed【错混透析】a句意：直到玛丽第二遍读完作文之后，她才注意到拼写错误。only及其所修饰的状语(从句)位于句首时，主句采用部分倒装句式。根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。如果不注意该题具备的倒装条件，有可能误选b项。【解题指导】 当看到四个选项是不同的语序时，往往即可判断是考查语序的题目。这时要根据所学知识判断是否应用倒装语序，然后根据位于句首的副词、否定词等信息判断应用全部倒装还是部分倒装，最后确定如何构成倒装语序。2省略句的易错点(2012安徽高考，30)when _for his views about his teaching job，philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.aasking baskedchaving asked dto be asked【错混透析】b句意：当问到他对教学工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得这项工作既有趣又值得。由于句子主语philip和ask之间是被动关系，所以选用过去分词作状语。d项的不定式一般表示将来，时间上有误。由于对逻辑关系判断失误，有可能造成误选a项。【解题指导】 遇到省略句的题目，应从以下几个方面考虑：(1)根据省略的条件判断哪些成分可以省略。如不定式的to是否可以省略，to后的have/be是否可以省略。(2)根据省略的条件判断省略了哪些成分，可以试着补出省略的成分，以达到理解句意的目的。(3)“连词非谓语动词”是状语从句的省略，非谓语动词的逻辑主语也就是全句的主语，要通过逻辑关系和时间关系判断该用哪一种非谓语形式。3反意疑问句的易错点(2011重庆高考，28)i told them not everybody could run as fast as you did，_？acould he bdidnt icdidnt you dcould they【错混透析】 b反意疑问句应该根据主句进行反问，且该题的主句为肯定式，所以选b项。【解题指导】 有关反意疑问句的题目，首先明确需要根据哪一部分进行反问，然后根据反意疑问句的构成形式进行选择。同时应注意一些特殊句式的反意疑问句。4强调句型的易错点(2012上海高考，37)was it by cutting down staff _ she saved the firm?no，it was by improving work efficiency.awhenbwhat chow dthat【错混透析】d句意：她是通过裁员这种方式才挽救了这家公司的吗？不是的，是通过提高工作效率。该句为强调句型的一般疑问句式，强调的是方式状语by cutting down staff。【解题指导】 由于强调句型是一个单一、固定的句式，所以考查强调句型时，往往通过复杂的题干来增加题目的难度。做题时应注意：(1)区分强调句型和定语从句。试着把it is/was .that.去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能组成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就是定语从句。(2)对话中常承接上文将强调句的部分内容省略，从而给考生造成错觉，这时要根据上下文语境作出判断，看是不是不合语境、不合句意或答非所问。(3)遇到以特殊疑问句形式考查强调句型时，可以通过试着作出回答来判断答案。(4)还应该注意强调谓语动词的句式，要根据句式和句意选择do，does或did。5交际用语汉语思维易错点(2012重庆高考，35)look，here comes your dream girl.invite her to dance._ what if she refuses me?ai dont know. bwhy me?cwith pleasure. dso what?【错混透析】a根据上句可知前者让后者邀请一女孩跳舞，根据下句“what if she refuses me？”可知，后者有点茫然不知所措，所以选a项“我不知道”。b项意为“为什么我呢？干嘛是我？”，一般用于不情愿接受任务或感叹命运不公时；c项意为“很荣幸，非常乐意”，一般用于乐意提供帮助时；d项意为“那又怎么样呢？”，一般表示语气上对既成事实的一种让步。句意：瞧，你的梦中女孩来了，邀请她跳支舞吧。我不知道(该不该这么做)，如果她拒绝我，我该怎么办呢？该题易受汉语思维的影响而误选b项。【解题指导】 平时的英语学习中，要多听、多说、多看、多读，培养良好的语感，熟悉中英文化差异。做题时要摒弃汉语的影响，真正从英语的角度去思维，既要遵循文明礼貌和委婉客气的原则，又要考虑一些常见的句式和结构。6情景判断易错点(2012安徽高考，32)i love the internet.ive come to know many friends on the net._.few of them would become your real friends.athats for sure bits not the caseci couldnt agree more dim pleased to know that【错混透析】b句意：我喜欢互联网。我已经在网上认识了许多朋友。事实并非如此。他们当中很少有人会成为你真正的朋友。thats for sure意为“这是肯定的”；its not the case意为“实际情况并非如此”；i couldnt agree more意为“我非常赞同”；im pleased to know that意为“我很高兴知道这一点”。由句意可知b项正确。如果忽视了后面的语境，很可能误选d项。【解题指导】 交际用语的考查是在真实的语境中，所以做题时要全面考虑，注意语境的和谐一致。特别要注意上下句之间的关系，不能只看到题目的一部分就得出结论。对话中要看答语与问句是否一致。1(2012济南四模，17)not until i began to work _ how much time i had wasted.adid i realizebdidnt i realizechadnt i realized dhad i realized2(2012山东临清三中月考，23)when can i use your computer?never！_ should you touch it.aat no time bin no timecat an