选修8Module 1Deep South

话题：世 界 与 环 境【词汇积累】【佳句背诵】1.action n行为2.desire v. 渴望3.harmony n. 和谐4.reusable adj. 可再使用的5.existence n. 生存6.energy n. 能量； 精力7.pour v. 倾倒8.harm n. 对有害9.pollute v. 污染10.threaten v. 威胁11.totally adv. 完全地12.effective adj. 有效的13.result in 导致14.pay attention to 注意15.take measures 采取措施16.to make matters worse 使事情更糟糕的是17.prevent .from . 阻止免于18.form a habit of . 养成的习惯1.As we all know, environmental protection has become one of the current hot topics.众所周知，环境保护已成为当下的一个热点话题。2.It is high time for us to take measures to prevent the earth from getting warm.该是我们采取措施来阻止全球变暖的时候了。3.Some people pay no attention to the environment that they live in.有些人对他们居住的环境毫不在意。4.The students have formed the habit of picking up the litter that they see in the school.学生们已经养成了在校园里拾起他们见到的垃圾的好习惯。【写作模板】环境保护Our environment is getting worse and worse.For example, we have been cutting down too many trees, which causes birds and animals to lose their natural habitats. Meanwhile, towns and cities are pouring rubbish into the river.Besides, factories are pouring waste water into the river.Therefore, water sources have become so badly polluted that some of the water is unfit to drink or to use.As far as Im concerned，its high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.If we human beings dont take action to protect the earth from now on, well have nowhere to live in the future.,学生用书P216).单词拼写根据词义写出英文单词。1annual adj.每年的2state n. 状态；状况3depth n. 深度4trap v. 使陷入困境；储存，保存5mass n. 块，堆，团6balance v. 使平衡7promote v. 晋升；促进，增进8voyage n. (乘船的)旅行，航行9glare n. 刺眼的光vi. 怒目而视10severe adj. 艰难的，艰巨的11clothing n. 衣服；(尤指)某种服装12pure adj. 干净的；不含有害物质的13abnormal adj. 不正常的，反常的14tiresome adj. 烦人的；令人讨厌的15modest adj. 不很昂贵的；适中的；谦虚的16emergency n. 紧急情况；突发事情17conventional adj. 常规的；普通的18privilege n. 荣幸.单词拓展写出下列单词及其派生词。1extreme adj.& n. 末端(的)；极端(的)，极度(的)extremely adv. 极端地，极其；非常2sunrise n. 日出sunset n. 日落3absence n. 不在，缺席；缺少，缺乏，没有absent adj. 缺席的；缺少的4discourage vt. 使泄气；劝阻，打消的念头；阻止encourage(反义词) 鼓励，鼓舞，激励discouraging adj. 令人沮丧的discouraged adj. 灰心的；沮丧的1adapt_to 适应2stand_out 引人注目；突出；显眼3set_foot_on 踏上4break_up 撞碎；解体5come_up_with 想出6in_case_of 以防语境填词He befriended(交朋友)every stranger he met and he was very modest(谦虚)about his achievements.He was seldom absent(缺席)from work and he worked hard，so he was soon promoted(提升)It encouraged(鼓励)us greatly that he showed remarkable courage when dealing with an emergency(紧急情况)He was a constant inspiration(鼓舞)to us.1with宾语宾语补足语With annual rainfall close to zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.【仿写】有许多学生上课迟到，老师很生气。With_many_students_late_for_school，the teacher was very angry.2现在分词短语作结果状语A high mountain range，the TransAntarctic range，runs from east to west，cutting the continent in two.【仿写】所有的村民都搬走了，留下了一个空村庄。All the people in the village moved away，leaving_it_an_empty_village3not until置于句首，主句要部分倒装Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land.【仿写】直到河里的鱼都死了，村民们才意识到污染有多么严重。Not until all the fish died in the river did_the_villagers_realise_how_serious_the_pollution_was4the first/second./the only/ last/形容词最高级名词to doThen in 1895，a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.【仿写】第一个被送入太空的中国女宇航员是谁？Who was the first Chinese woman astronaut to_be_sent_into_space?阅读下面课文缩写材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。Antarctica is the 1.coldest(cold) and driest place on Earth.98% of the surface is covered 2.permanently(permanent)in the ice cap，with biggest fresh water.3.On average the ice is two kilometres thick but in some places it reaches a 4.depth(deep) of five kilometres.Yet full of wildlife has adapted to its extreme conditions，such as penguins，mosses.The ice 5.which has been there for thousands of years can give researchers lots of useful information.Gases and minerals 6.trapped(trap)in the ice can tell us a lot about 7.what the worlds climate was like in past ages.James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle in 8.the late 18th century.The first man 9.to_set(set)foot on the mainland was a Norwegian in 1895.Now Antarctica 10.was_made(make)the worlds biggest nature reserve，which has become the most successful symbol of mans efforts to work together for progress and peace.,学生用书P217)1. trapv储存；留存；设陷阱捕捉；使陷入困境n陷阱；圈套；诡计；埋伏(教材P2)Gases and minerals，in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice，can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。 (1) be/get trapped in被困在trap o(doing) sth. 诱骗某人做某事(2)set/lay a trap for 设下圈套fall into a trap 落入圈套(牛津词典)They were trapped in the burning building.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。He felt he had_been_trapped_into_accepting the terms of the contract.他觉得自己是中了圈套才接受这合同条款的。She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it.她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。2. promotevt.增进，促进；提升；宣传，推广，推销(商品等)(教材P3)In particular，it aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste；to promote international scientific projects；.该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，【活用】写出下列句中promote的含义(1)(2014高考辽宁卷七选五)Vitamins(维生素)C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.增进(2)Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote products.宣传(3)If Im not promoted within the next two years，Im going to change jobs.提升 (1)promote sb.(from sth.)to sth.把某人(从某职位)提升到某职位promote development/understanding/foreign trade 促进发展/加深了解/促进对外贸易(2)promotion n. 提升，晋级，促进get/win promotion 获得晋级(朗文辞典)Helen was_promoted_to senior manager.海伦被提升为高级经理。He has gained promotion by working hard.他通过努力工作得到了提升。3. discouragev阻止；打消的念头(教材P 11)We discourage you from smoking except in specific areas.除了在一些特殊的区域，我们劝你不要抽烟。 (1)discourage sb. from doing sth. 劝某人不要做某事；使某人失去做某事的信心(2)discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心丧气的discouraging adj. 令人泄气的；令人沮丧的(3)courage n. 勇气encourage v. 鼓励encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事(2014高考安徽卷阅读理解)Today，Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage_elephants_from_eating crops.今天露西想弄明白是不是非洲蜜蜂阻止了大象去吃庄稼。(牛津词典)Dont be discouraged by the first failuretry again！第一次失败，别灰心丧气再试一次吧！I encouraged her to work hard and to try for the 2016 College Entrance Examination.我鼓励她用功学习并为2016年高考努力。【巧学助记】【活用】用discourage的适当形式完成小片段My friends discouraged_me_from_giving_up(劝阻我不要放弃)the experiment.They told me not to get_discouraged(泄气的)by setbacks and it was new to me after all.And Tim encouraged_me_to_try_it_again(鼓励我再尝试一次)4. stand out突出，显眼；卓越，杰出(教材P3)Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour，they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.因为南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。stand for代表；象征；容忍stand by 袖手旁观；坚持；支持，遵守stand up 站起来(2014高考广东卷阅读理解)After countless interviews and presentations，I managed to stand out among the candidates and survive the test alone.经过无数的面试和准备以后，我从众多候选人中脱颖而出，成为唯一一个通过测试的人。(牛津词典)Im not standing for it any longer.这种事我再也不能容忍了。Dont just stand_by when you come across someone in trouble.当你遇到别人有麻烦的时候，不要只是袖手旁观。5. in case of假使；以防(教材P11)Medical assistance is available in case of an emergency.在紧急情况下可以得到医疗救助。in case假使；如果，万一in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话in any case 无论如何，总之in no case 决不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)as is often the case 这是常有的事Youd better take an umbrella in_case_of rain.Youd better take an umbrella in_case it rains.带上雨伞以防下雨。I dont see why I couldnt do it.In any case，Im going to try.我不明白为什么我不能做那件事。不管怎样，我打算试一下。In no case shall_we_break traffic rules.在任何条件下，我们都不能违反交通规则。As is often the case，solving one problem can cause or uncover another.事实往往是这样，解决一个问题可能会导致或暴露另一个问题。温馨提醒像in no case 一样，表示“决不”，放在句首时，用部分倒装的短语还有：at no time，by no means，under no circumstances，in no way，on no occasion等。.词汇自测A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。1He recommended(建议)me to change my way of life.2The Prime Ministers visit will promote(促进)the cooperation between the two countries.3It is important to assess the_reliability(可靠性)of the data.4Quick！Call an ambulance！This is an_emergency_(紧急情况)!5Rescuers found the body of the last person trapped(困住)in the Southwest China coal mine on Monday.B)在句中空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。6Youd better keep a balanced(balance)diet for the benefit of your health.7If you meet with any difficulty in your study，dont be discouraged(discourage)8She had the time and the inspiration(inspire)to develop her talent.9Her absence(absent)from the party made her good friends very angry.10It appeared that she looked confident but in reality she felt extremely(extreme)nervous.选词填空用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。adapt to；in case of；set foot on；stand out；come up with1Everyone needs to do something to adapt_to the social and economic changes.2The headline stood_out well against the dark background.3My mother reminded me to take an umbrella in_case_of rain this afternoon.4The scientists are trying their best to come_up_with a solution to the problem.5Nobody has ever set_foot_on the lonely island.1. (教材P3) Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。本句为倒装句，not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装。“Not until从句did/does主语其他成分.”意为：直到才(until后面的从句不倒装)。其原句为：The British explorer James Cook didnt cross the Antarctic Circle until the late 18th century，but he never saw land.(1)not.until/till. “直到才”该句型中主句的谓语动词通常为非延续性动词，强调主句所表示的动作或情景一直到until/till所表示的时间才发生。(2)until/till用于肯定句中，主句的谓语动词通常为延续性动词，表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。(3)not.until.的强调句型： It was/is not until.that. (2014高考天津卷单项填空)We wont start the work until all the preparations have been made.直到所有的准备工作都做完了，我们才开始工作。(2014高考安徽卷阅读理解)Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down.露西和她的助手藏在车里一直等到愤怒的蜜蜂平静下来。Not until midnight did_the_noise_of_the_street_stop街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。It_was_not_until_1972_that the war finally came to an end.直到1972年战争才终于结束。2. (教材P3)Then in 1895，a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。 (1)the first.to do.“第一个做的”，用动词不定式作定语。序数词或由序数词修饰的名词后常用不定式作后置定语。(2)常接不定式作定语的名词：chance，way，time，promise，ability，ambition，attempt，courage等。(2014高考大纲全国卷完形填空)Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.乔辛普森和西蒙耶茨是第一个攀登安第斯山脉拉格兰德峰西坡的人。He is always the fi