机械毕业设计中英翻译.doc

英语原文：CAD/CAM is the technical expression, indicates the computer-aided design and the computer aided manufacturing.This is one item in the design and the production, carries out certain function technology about the use computer data.This technology is completing the design and the production direction to the place develops.In these two traditions was considered is in the production process out of the ordinary, independent function.In brief, CAD/CAM will be able to provide the technology base for the future complete computer production.Looked from the computer science angle that, the design and the manufacture process is one has, processing, the exchange and the management process about the product information.The people use the computer to take the main technical method, from forms in ones mind to the product to put in the market in the entire process information to carry on the analysis and processing, produces and utilizes each kind of numerical information and the graph information, carries on the product the design and the manufacture.The CAD/CAM technology is not the traditional design, the manufacture flow method simple reflection, also is not limits in the partial use computer takes the tool in the individual step or the link, but is unifies the computer science and the project domain specialized technology as well as humans wisdom and the experience take the modern scientific method as the instruction, in the design, in the manufacture entire process each completely manager, as far as possible use computer system completes the work which these duplication high, the labor big, the computation complex as well as depends on purely artificially completes with difficulty, but assists must replaces the engineers and technicians to complete the entire process, obtains the desired effec The CAD/CAM system as well as plans the hardware, the software for supports the environment, (subsystem) realizes through each function module to the product description, the computation, the analysis, optimized, the cartography, the technological process design, the simulation as well as the NC processing.But the generalized CAD/CAM integrative system also should include aspects and so on production plan, management, quality control.Since 1946 first electronic accounting machine has been born in US, people on unceasing computer technologyIntroduces the machine design? Manufacture domain.As early as in the 50s, for the first time develops successfully the numerical control engine bed, may realize through the different numerical control procedure to the different components processingAfterwards, Massachusetts Institute of Technologys servo laboratory succeeds with the computer manufacture numerical control paper tape, has realized the NC programming automation.In this foundation, the people proposed the following tentative plan: The APT software is feeds the path method realization computer assistance programming through the description, that, can not describe feeds the path, but is direct description components itself? From this has had the CAD initial concept.The entire 50s, the electronic accounting machine also is in the electron tube time, uses the machine language programming, the computer mainly uses in the science computation, also only has the output function for it disposition graph equipment.CADCAM system basic compositionCAD/CAM system hardware dispositionCAD/CAM system software compositionCAD/CAM system software dispositionComputer aided manufacturing (CAM) may define for uses the computer system to design, to manage and controls a productive plan the movement, through direct or indirect planned production resources computer contact surface.If defines states, the computer aided manufacturing application has 2 big aspects:1)computer supervisory control.This is the direct application, the computer with the production process connection, uses in supervising directly and the control production process2)produces the support application.This is the indirect application, middle the productive plan, the computer uses in supporting the production operation, but is not the computer and the production process links directly.Charting productive forces increaseThe CAD/CAM system may undertake the one whole set new charting theory to be able to strengthen the productivity.Again completes next step, keeps firmly in mind the entire design to be possible to store up the system.When the planner receives one with has saved the blueprint specification similar work piece, he only must recollect, and adjusts it the work storage place, revises in the original blueprint not to conform to a new work piece request part, productivity enhances.The original work piece efficiency enhances, but this can enhance the next step working efficiency.This is a complete at times renewal database support, can facilitate the user to useImprove mapping analysisThe charting analysis is another important work, it can by certain synthesize the CAD/CAM system automatic operation.This in pipeline design, in particular an important application.The pipeline design paper very is usually complex moreover must conform to the precise industry specification.The other giftedCAD/CAM also can affect a company in other aspects the project system.It can enhance the entire physical process the efficiency, the permission present project plan and the report procedure appraisal.CAD/CAM can improve improves the quality of the product the guarantee technology.It can automatic accurate and the integrity document material, the maintenance partial data accurate and bill of materials accurate.DeficiencyCAD/CAM insufficient spot not that obvious, but they can destroy even the most perfect design, the biggest shortcoming is only can directly skips from the manual charting and the record preservation to CAD/CAM, the elephant installs a set of jet engine in the populace automobile.The automobile possibly can run quick somewhat, but if the foundation enhancement has not coordinated the heavy pressure, the entire automobile can disperse the frame.CAD/CAM applicationSKETCHPAD, the CAD/CAM technology has passed through very long chi.It is already applied in the middle of each widespread industry.It uses in each aspect, controls from the airplane to the weapon research, manufactures from the map to the movement medical service, from circuit analysis to building steel analysis.CAD/CAM is being applied in each kind of charting and the production, installs the schematic diagram from the movie to the large-scale long-distance monitoring direct set battleship, its application to is developing variously.Now CAD/CAM market.Now in the market has four kind of different CAD/CAM sellers.First is some subordinate companies sells comes from a big enterprise part or the branch CAD/CAM technology.The IBM CAD/CAM branch is an example.If belongs to Mc-Donnell-Douglas McAuto; Belongs to General Electric Lalma, with belongs to Schlumberger Applican, if the multi-large number CAD/CAM subordinate company the main corporation has the massive service intercourse, not only sale supervisory system moreover when ones position is lowly ones words carry no weight service office.When they control the massive accounts also with provides the service, these companies on in optimum condition, because they may extract the massive profits.But they must undertake the complex administrative chain of command, this obstructs in them makes the fast response to the market tendency, or their itself studies and outside the development department, the merge improves on again their new production line the new technical developmentCAD/CAM technology and the product development road of futureAfter many year promotions, the CAD technology already widely applied in professions and so on machinery, electron, astronautics, chemical industry, building.Played using the CAD technology enhanced the enterprise the rated capacity, the optimization design proposal, reduces technical personnels labor intensity, reduction design cycle, beefed-up design roles and so on standardization.In recent years, our country CAD technology development and the application have obtained the considerable development, besides has carried on sinicizing and the re-development to many overseas softwares, but also was born many had the independent copyright CAD system, If high Chinese CAD, opens item CAD and so on, because these software price is cheap, conforms to our country national condition and the standard, therefore has received widespread welcome, has won the more and more big market share. But, our country CAD/CAM software no matter is from the product development level from the commercialization, the marketability degree all has not the small disparity with the developed country.Because the overseas CAD/CAM software appears early, the development and the application time is also long, therefore they develop quite maturely, now basically already has seized the international market.These overseas software company uses its technical and the fund superiority, starts vigorously to our country market march At present, the overseas some outstanding softwares, like UG, SolidWorks, Pro/Engineer, CATIA and so on, already have seized part of domestic markets.Therefore, our country CAD/CAM software prospect is unoptimistic.But, we also should see clearly own superiority, for instance understood our country market, provides the technical support to be convenient, price small advantage and so on.Not only under these premises, we importantly with the trend of the times, the track international newest tendency, observe each international standard, in international domestic forms the oneself unique superiority, must base the home, the union national condition, face the domestic economic development need， develops has oneself characteristic, conforms to CAD/CAM software which the Chinese is familiar with.。The computer technology changes with each new day, the hardware renews the speed to be very quick.In this short four several years, the computer has experienced the large-scale machinery, the small machine, the workstation, the microcomputer time separately, each new times all appeared the new popular CAD/CAM software.In the workstation time, UG, Pro/Engineer are the workstation platform three dimensional CAD/CAM software outstanding people, but in the microcomputer time, SolidWorks software is at the leading position now in WindowsNT in the platform three dimensional CAD/CAM.Because overseas develops the CAD/CAM software in the Unix workstation platform to have certain time and the investment, our country software and so on the developed country falls，behind in this aspect compared to US many. But develops the CAD/CAM software in the microcomputer platform is a brand-new domain, our country and the overseas beginning is similar, all is uses tools and so on VisualC+, OpenGL to carry on the software development, develops advanced in this foundation, conforms to our country user custom CAD/CAM software to have the possibility.The CAD/CAM technology may apply in many domains, the machine manufacture is also is most early widely applies the CAD/CAM technology the domain.Along with the CAD/CAM technology development, the construction, electronic, the chemical domain also starts to apply this technology, in these new application domain, the overseas software superiority is not obvious.Therefore, our country CAD/CAM software in these aspects may with the developed country competition, and along with CAD/CAM technology application thorough, more and more many domains will be able to use this technology, therefore, if will be able to follow close on the trend of the times, will apply unceasingly in the new domain, then the domestically produced CAD/CAM software will have the future very much.。In brief, we also have a long way to go, but must frequently remember, develops the CAD/CAM software the final goal applies the CAD/CAM technology, enhances the enterprise the design and the manufacture level, not only therefore, the CAD/CAM software wants the level to be high, has own characteristic, must be able to market, takes back the investment from the market, thus can renew the development software unceasingly according to users demand。中文翻译：CAD/CAM是专业术语，表明计算机辅助设计和计算机辅助的制造业。这是一个项目在设计，并且生产，执行某一作用技术关于用途计算机数据。这技术完成设计，并且到地方的生产方向开发。在这二传统被考虑了不平常在生产过程中，独立作用。简而言之， CAD/CAM能为未来完全计算机生产提供技术基础。从计算机科学的角度看，设计与制造的过程是一个关于产品的信息产生、处理、交换和管理的过程。人们利用计算机作为主要技术手段，对产品从构思到投放市场的整个过程中的信息进行分析和处理，生成和运用各种数字信息和图形信息，进行产品的设计与制造。CAD/CAM技术不是传统设计、制造流程的方法的简单映像，也不是局限于在个别步骤或环节中部分的使用计算机作为工具，而是将计算机科学与工程领域的专业技术以及人的智慧和经验以现代的科学方法为指导结合起来，在设计、制造的全过程中各尽所长，尽可能的利用计算机系统来完成那些重复性高、劳动量大、计算复杂以及单纯靠人工难以完成的工作，辅助而非代替工程技术人员完成整个过程，以获得最佳效果。CAD/CAM系统以及算计硬件、软件为支持环境，通过各个功能模块（分系统）实现对产品的描述、计算、分析、优化、绘图、工艺规程设计、仿真以及NC加工。而广义的CAD/CAM集成系统还应包括生产规划、管理、质量控制等方面。自1946年第一台电子计算机在美国诞生以来，人们就不断的将计算机技术引入机械设计?制造领域。早在50年代，首次研制成功数控机床，通过不同的数控程序就可以实现对不同零件的加工。随后，麻省理工学院的伺服机构实验室成功用计算机制作数控纸带，实现了NC编程的自动化。在此基础上，人们提出了如下设想： APT程序系统是通过描述走刀轨迹的方法实现计算机辅助编程，那么，能不能不描述走刀轨迹，而是直接描述零件本身？由此产生了CAD的最初概念。整个50年代，电子计算机还处于电子管时期，使用机器语言编程，计算机主要用于科学计算，为之配置的图形设备也仅具输出功能。CADCAM系统的基本结构：CAD/CAM系统硬件配置CAD/CAM系统软件的组成CAD/CAM系统软件配置计算机辅助生产（CAM）可以定义为使用计算机系统去设计、管理与控制一项生产计划的动作，通过直接或间接的计划生产资源的计算机界面。如定义所述，计算机辅助生产的应用有2大方面：1）计算机监视控制。这是直接应用，把计算机直接与生产过程连接，用于监督和控制生产过程。2）生产支持应用。这是间接应用，在生产计划当中，计算机用于支持生产操作，但不是计算机与生产过程的直接连结。制图生产力的增加CAD/CAM系统可以承担一整套新的制图理论会增强生产能力。再去完成下一步，牢记整个设计可以储存系统。当制图者接到一些与已存图纸规格相似的工件，他只需回想起，并将它调到工作贮藏库，修改原图纸中不符合新工件要求的一部分，生产能力而提高。原来的工件效率提高，而这又会提高下一步的工作效率。这是一个完整的时时更新的信息库支持，能方便使用者使用。改善制图分析制图分析是另一项重要的工作，它能由某些综合CAD/CAM系统自动操作。这在管道设计中，尤其是一项重要的应用。管道设计图纸通常很复杂而且必须符合精确的工业规格。其他优处 允许现行工程方案和报告程序的评估。CAD/CAM能改善提高品质保证技术。它能自动准确与完CAD/CAM也能在其他方面影响一个公司的工程系统。它能提高整个物理过程的效整的文件资料，保持部分数据的准确和材料表的准确。不足之处CAD/CAM的不足点不那么明显，但它们能破坏甚至最完善的设计，最大的缺点是仅能直接从手工制图与记录保存跳转到CAD/CAM，就像把一套喷气式发动机安装到大众汽车内。汽车可能会跑得快一些，但如果底座没有增强去配合重压，整部汽车就会散架。CAD/CAM的应用 SKETCHPAD、CAD/CAM技术已走过了很长的踟。它已经被应用于各种广泛的工业当中。它用于各个方面，从飞机控制到武器研究，从地图制作到运动医疗，从电路分析到建筑钢材分析。CAD/CAM正被应用于各种制图和生产中，从电影装置的草图到大型远程监控直接集合战舰，它的应用正向多方面发展。当今CAD/CAM市场. 当今市场上有四种不同的CAD/CAM卖主。首先是一些附属公司销售来自