初中英语学案.docx

形容词和副词的级形容词和副词的比较级和最高级变化单音节词末尾加-er和-est，如:Tall taller tallest old older oldestHard harder hardest soon sooner soonest但是单音节词末尾若是-ee或-e，则直接加-r和-st，如：【1】older & elderOld的比较级和最高级通常为older和oldest，如：My brother is older than me，在英语中，比较人的年龄，尤其是家庭成员的年龄时亦可用elder和eldest，但是在口语中已经不常见，做形容词时只能放在名词前，如my elder brother，而不能说 my brother is elder than me。【2】latter & laterLate做形容词的时候表示时间的晚和迟到，其比较级和最高级是later 和latest；当拉特做副词的时候，表示晚和迟的时候，仅有比较级later；latter和last表示顺序上的比较级和最高级，意为“后者，后一半的”。【3】同级比较句型中，常用状语有：just、almost、twice、three times等，如：I have twice as many books as she.My sister is just as busy as the bee.【4】than 后面是一个省略了成分的比较状语从句，代词须用主格，如：He writes more carefully than she.Jim did the work better than I did.Than引导的从句中的成分应该与主句一致，如：It is more important to do than to say.Swimming is more interesting than walking.形容词和副词的比较级前面还可用much、far，a lot、still、even来修饰，也可用no来修饰。Nice nicer nicest free freer freest重度闭音节（辅音+元音+辅音），双写词尾辅音字母，如：Wet wetter wettest big bigger biggest以-y结尾的词，如-y前面是辅音字母，变y为i加er和estHeavy heavier heaviest early earlier earliest多音节形容词的比较等级和以-ly结尾的副词一律用more 和mostDelicious more delicious mostdeliciousBeautiful more beautiful most beautifulSlowly more slowly most slowly【不规则变化】Good/well better bestBad/ill/badly worse worstMany/much more mostLittle less leastFar farther/further farthest/furthestOld older/elder oldest/eldest【1】Late later/latter latest/last【2】比较级和最高级的用法有些形容词或副词由于其词义而不可能有比较级和最高级，如：Right excellent perfect true empty final possible yearly very now形容词和副词的同级比较常用于“as+原级+as”结构【3】 Lily is as careful as Lucy. He runs as fast as his brother. 否定句中常用“so/asas”结构 This apple is not so big as that one. 比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构【4】 This mooncake is more delicious than that one. Light travels faster than sound. 最高级用于“the+最高级+比较范围” This is one of the most interesting stories.比较级前可用“数词+名词+比较级+than”构成的名词短语表示确定的量度。如：He got to school five minutes earlier than his deskmate.She is two years younger than I.比较对象要相呼应，相比内容必须相同，相比对象可用one、That、those、do代替，如：【5】最高级是三者或者三者以上相比较，常用of，in或among短语及定语从句表示其比较范围。通常in后跟单位、组织、团体等，与主语不属于统一范畴，而of后所跟的与主语属同一范畴。He studies hardest in his class.Peter is the fattest among us.QUIZI do not jump so _ as my little sister.A .high B .higher C .highestAt last ,I was too tired to go any_.A .far B .the further C .fartherHe had never seen a _ film.A. more interestB. most interestingC. more interestingOf all these computers, this one is _ expensive.A. more B. the moreC. the mostTo make friends is _ important thing in life.A. the mostB. a mostC. mostI think English is more important than _A. any subjectsB. any other subjectsC. any other subjectThe weather in Yunnan is warmer than that in Beijing.The library in your school is bigger than that in ours.Lilei jumps higher than others do.比较级结构中一定要将自己本身除外，常用other或else表示：比较级+than any other+单数名词；比较级+than anyone/anybody/anything else.如：【5】China has a larger population than any other country in the world.Jack studies harder than anyone else in his class.形容词的最高级前面加the，比较级在表示特指意义时候须加the+比较级+of the two。This is the best book in the bookshop.Tom is taller of the two.特殊句式及其用法“most+原级形容词”表示主观感觉及其意见，意为“非常”，前面用不定冠词a，an或者不加冠词。He is most handsome.This story is a most interesting one.“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more+原级”，意为“越来越”Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.Now its getting warmer and warmer.“the+比较级+the+比较级”，意为“越，就越”The more, the better.The faster you run, the more tired you will be.no more than，not more thanNomore than表示“比（积极）不到哪里去”，后者表示“并不比更”His handwriting is no better than mine.他的书法并不比我的好。His handwriting is not better than mine.他的书法不如我的好。后面接数词的话，no more than表示“只不过”，not more than表示“不超过”No more than two people passed the exam.只不过两人及格Not more than two people passed the exam.不超过两人。no less than，not less thanNo less than表示“比（消极）到哪里去”，后者表示“不比更”He is no less tall than I.他和我一样高。He is not less tall than I.他不如我高。No less than加数词表示“多达”，not less than加数词表示“不少于”There are no less than 100,000 books in the school library.多达10万本。There are not less than