比较级最高级语法.doc

构成原级比较级最高级单音节和少数双音节单词1、一般词尾加-er, -esttalllongOldeldsmalltallerlongeroldereldersmallertallestlongestoldesteldestsmallest2、以字母e结尾的形容词或副词,直接加-r,-stnicefinelargenicerfinerlargernicestfinestlargest3、以重读闭音节结尾的形容词或副词,如末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写该字母,再加-er,-estredbigHotWetfatthin redder biggerhotterwetterfatterthinner reddest biggesthottestwettestfattestthinnest4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的形容词或副词，把y变为i，再加-er,-est（元音字母a e i o u以外都是辅音）heavybusyearlyeasyheavierbusierearliereasierheaviestbusiestearliesteasiest1.形容词的比较级和最高级变化2.部分双音节5、与多音节的词比较级在原级之前加more, 最高级在原级之前加most -通常是ful/ing/tant/sive结尾的形容词或者副词，比较级和最高级都是在该单词前加more/mostbeautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful(反义-less beautiful不那么漂亮，或者不如.漂亮，例如：Lily is less beautiful than Lucy莉莉没有Lucy 好看interesting-more interesting -most interesting difficult- more difficult-most difficultFriendly-:more friendly -most friendlyExpensive-more expensive-most expensiveImportant-more important-most importantDangerous-more dangerous-most dangerous注意：副词的最高级前可以不加the，但是形容词的一定要加the,和序数词一样。Fast既是形容词也是副词，不要乱加6.不规则变化的形容词: little （原形） - less （比较级）- least（最高级）Few -fewer -fewestGood/well（原形） - better（比较级） - best（最高级）bad /ill（原形） - worse（比较级） - worst（最高级）Much/many-more(比较级）-most（最高级）And so on等等 (不是等某人的意思，是列举不完后写的，例如 I like apples bananas grapes and so on我喜欢苹果香蕉葡萄等等)far （原形）- furtherfurthest（表示抽象概念，表示学术或者其他专业知识方面等更深远的意思】far(原形）-farther-farthest【表示具体概念，比如他家是所有人中最远的，表达是His home is the farthest of all，farther和farthest是表示具体的路程、距离的远】例句：Tom is tall. John is tall. Bob is tall. Im as tall as you.Tom is as tall as John.Bob is taller than John.John is the tallest of the three.(john是三个人中最高的）Lily is the tallest of the five(莉莉是这五人中最高的)John is the tallest in his class.比较级是两者之间的比较，表示更.、比. （做题思路：通常句子里有than，都用比较级）最高级是三者及以上的比较，意思是最.,（做题思路，通常句子里有of/all/in/among(三者及以上之间）(都是表示范围）等词语，要用最高级）形容词（adj)和副词（adv)的区别：通常副词都是在形容词后面加上ly变成副词，比如 quick-quickly happy-happily特别注意：friendly和lovely这两词虽然是ly结尾的，但是不是副词而是形容词-友好的、可爱的另外，有一些形容词的副词形式不是加ly，比如good-well，比如，He speaks english well(well是副词，修饰动词speak） 但是另外要注意，well可以用来表示身体好，比如有人问你：how are you?回答可以是-Im fine、Im well/Im very well-记住，well作为形容词用时只可以用来表示身体好，形容词和副词意思基本上都是一样的，只不过形容词是（的），副词是（地），例如：他飞快地跑出去了 He runs out quickly用法：副词修饰动词和形容词，形容词修饰名词【注意：感官动词(五官感受的一些词）：touch（摸起来） smell（闻起来） sound（听起来） look（看起来） taste（尝起来） feel （感觉，感到）这些词在表示括号里意思的时候，要用形容词修饰，如果不是这些意思，则可以用副词修饰。】例如：这道菜闻起来不错.This dish smells good/nice她生气的摸了一下桌子She touched the table angrily(本题不是摸起来的意思，所以要用副词修饰她高兴de尝了这道菜She tasted this dish happily(taste在这里不是尝起来怎么样的意思，所以可以用副词修饰例如：他飞快地跑出去了He runs out quickly-(quickly 是副词，修饰动词runs）又比如：He smiles happily -(happily是副词，修饰动词smiles)Im deadly tired我累的要命（deadly快死地，致命地，是副词，tired疲惫的，是形容词，副词可以修饰形容词）Im terribly sorry非常抱歉（terribly恶劣地，糟糕地，是副词，本意是贬义词，但是在修饰一些形容词的时候，有的时候是表示褒义的意思， sorry抱歉的，是形容词，本句子是副词修饰形容词）Badly need急需现在看形容词修饰名词的情况比如：He is a good person(good是形容词，person 是名词）She is a beautiful girl（beautiful是形容词，girl 是名词）【比较级做题思路：通常如果句子里有than，much、a little、even（甚至）between等词语的时候，都是用比较级-总之，比较级是两者之间的比较，表示更.】【最高级做题思路：通常如果句子有of、in、all among(三者及以上）等词语的时候，都是用最高级-总之，最高级是三者及以上的比较，表示最.】【常见双写单词比较级最高级的词语有：thin fat hot wet big等等】常见题目考查点：1、比较级+and+比较级是固定用法（同一个比较级），表示越来越.例如（for example/such as)：（more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 fatter and fatter越来越胖 richer and richer越来越富有 poorer and poorer 越来越重 more and more interesting越来越有趣）2、【the+比较级，the+比较级，是固定用法，表示越某某，就会越某某，】例如（The more you eat,the fatter you will be 你吃的越多，你就会越胖）你穿的越少，你就会越冷 The fewer you wear,the colder you will feel.【The more you wear,the hotter you will feel 你穿的越多，你就会越热)3、as +原级（原形）+as是固定用法，是表示与.一样.的意思，总之，做比较级最高级题目时，凡是有as出现的时候，只能用原级，不能用比较级或者最高级】例如：汤姆和玛丽一样高 Tom is as tall as Mary 琳达的英语和Lucy讲的一样好 Linda speaks English as well as Lucy.Not as.as.和not so as与different是表示与.不一样的意思（注意，not so as没有so as的表达，它只有否定）汤姆和玛丽一样高 Tom is as tall as Mary Tom is so tall as Maryx(so as只有否定表达，也就是not so as，不能用肯定句）例如：妈妈做的饭没有爸爸做的好 My mum cooks not as/so well as my dad. 汤姆的书包与杰克的大小不一样 Toms schoolbag is not as/so big as Jacks 6、 more and more.表示“越来越”: （同一个单词的比较级+and+同一个单词的比较级】More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language. Our country is getting stronger and stronger. 7.倍数表达法：【times除了表示次数外，还可以表示倍数】（1） A is 倍数 as +原级+ as BAsia（亚洲） is four times as large as Europe（欧洲）.（2）A is 倍数 + 比较级 +than + B Asia is three times larger than Europe.例如：我的书包比她的大两倍(once 一倍，一次 twice两倍，两次)My bag is twice as big as hersMy bag is once bigger than hers(3)A is 倍数 + 名词 + of B常见名词：the size（尺寸）/weight（重量）/height（高度）/width-是wide的名词形式（宽度）/length（长度）The table is twice（两倍，once一次，一倍） the length of the desk.（这个桌子比那个书桌长两倍）My schoolbag is twice the size of your schoolbag.(我的书包比你的书包的尺寸大两倍】My pen is three times the length of her pen.Lily is three times the weight of Lucy.(4)A is 倍数 + what从句The production is now three times what it was three years ago.【production 产量，现在的产量是3年前的三倍】My height is now three times what it was three years ago.用比较级表示最高级：约翰是班里最高的男生。【任何其他的表达有这些：any other any one else any of the other all the other 后面的名词都用单数,】-表示主语属于该范围内使用这些词 John is taller than any other boy in the class.John is the tallest boy in the class.John is taller than any of the other boy. John is taller than any of the others. John is taller than all the other boy.John is taller thanany one else.表示两个中 表示最.的一个的时候，比较级前要加the。Of the 2 books,he likes the cheaper one【常用来修饰比较级的词语有much a little even（甚至）等，注意，这些词是放在比较级前的（不是原级）】通常ed结尾的形容词，都是表示人的，比如 I am excited about the news-我对于这个新闻非常兴奋， 而 以ing结尾的形容词，通常都是表示物的，很多时候，ing结尾的词，都有表示“令人.的的意思，比如 We are very happy to hear the exciting news-听到这个令人兴奋的新闻，我们都很高兴 He is a boring man, I really hate him【the+形容词，表示一类人，是固定用法，后面表示一类人，后面不要加名词，且是复数意义，the poor 穷人， the rich有钱人 the old老人 the young年轻人，the blind盲人 the deaf聋子 the ill/sick病人 the disabled残疾人 后面的动词要用复数形式，不能用三单,be动词用are】Old 与 eld 的区别姐姐 elder sister妹妹 younger sister哥哥 elder brother 弟弟 younger brother注意，除了表示上面这种表达用elder，其他基本都用old。写出以下各形容词的比较级和最高级：1. nice _nicer nicest_ 2. fat _fatter fattest_3. slow _slower slowest_ 4. dry _drier _driest_5. happy _happier happiest_ 6. wet _wetter_wettest_7. much _more most_ 8. ill _worse worst _9. little _less least_ 10. bad _worse worst_11. thin _thinner thinnest_ 12. far _farther/further farthest/furthest_【farther和farthest是表示具体的远（路程、距离），further/furthest是表示抽象的远-比如学术方面深远的意义等等】13. early _earlier earliest_ 14. careful_more careful most careful _通常ful/ing结尾的形容词或者副词，比较级和最高级通常是前面用more、和most，比如 beautiful，比较级和最高级是more beautiful ,most beautiful,比如interesting，比较级和最高级分别是more interesting ,most interesting15. exciting _more exciting most exciting_ 16. busy _busier busiest_2. 根据句意，用所括号内所级形容词的比较等级形式填空：1. Mr. Smith is _the richest_ man in this office. (rich)2. Winter is _the coldest_ season of the years. (cold)4. It is much _hotter_ today than yesterday. (hot)5. She is a little _more careful_ than her classmates. (careful)6. _More_ people came to the meeting than last time. (many)7. Which book is _easier_, this one or that one? (easy)8. My room is _smaller_ than yours. (small)9. Hainan is _farther_ from Beijing than Hunan. (far)10. Skating is _more exciting_ than swimming. (exciting)【exciting刺激的，兴奋的】11. Jim is _honester_ than all the others. (honest)12. Things are getting _worse_ and _worse_. (bad)比较级+and+比较级是固定用法13. The higher you climb, the _colder_ it will be. (cold)【the+比较级，the+比较级，是固定用法，表示越某某，就会越某某，翻译本句：你爬的越高，就会越冷】14. Now his life is becoming _more_ and _more difficult_. (difficult)My daughter is becoming more and more beautifullife生活、生命】用适当形式填空： 1. Bob is _younger_ ( young ) than Fred.But _taller_ (tall) than Fred. 2. Almost all the students faces are the same ,but Li Deming looks _fatter_ (fat) than before after the summer holidays. 3.Which is _heavier_ (heavy), a duck or a chicken? 5.- How _tall_ (tall) is Sally? -She s 1.55 metres _tall_ (tall). What about Xiaoling? - She s only 1.40 metres _tall_ (tall). She is much _shorter_ (short) than Sally. She is also the _shortest_ (short) girl in the class. 6. He is _bad_ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _worse_ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _worst_ (bad) at English. 翻译本句：他不擅长学数学，他更不擅长学语文，他最不擅长学英语-be good at-擅长，be bad at-不擅长。At 后接动词ing，所有的介词后都接动词ing，常见的介词有：【at on in by with without about after of for等】7. Annie says Sally is the _kindest_ (kind) person in the world. 8. He is one of the_most friendly_(friendly) people in the class, I think. 再次强调，friendly和lovely是形容词，虽然是ly结尾，形容词是修饰名词的，副词是修饰动词和形容词的】9. A dictionary is much _more expensive_ (expensive) than a story-book.【cheap 便宜，比较级是cheaper expensive/dear 贵的，dictionary 词典】10. An orange is a little _bigger_ (big) than an apple, but much _smaller_ (small) than a watermelon.11. The Changjiang River is the _longest_ (long) river in China.12. Sue is a little _more beautiful_ (beautiful) than her sister.14.-How difficult is physics? -I m not sure. - Is it _more difficult_ (di