高三英语名词性从句重点讲解.doc

阳光家教网 西安家教 青岛家教 郑州家教 苏州家教 天津家教 中国最大找家教、做家教平台名词性从句（ 一 ）名词性从句的种类在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句That price will go up is certain.Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference.Who will write the poem has not been decided yet.What surprised us is that he lost in the game.When he will be back depends on the weather.Where we live doesnt matter.How the pyramids were built was still a mystery. Watever he did is right.Whoever comes will be welcome.Whichever you want is yours.名词性从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将从句置于句末。例如：It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。 It is a pity that you missed the concert.很遗憾你错过了那场音乐会。宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句 (及物动词，介词和形容词后)We hope that you will enjoy your stay here.Tell me why you dont like school.Dont ask about what the meeting is for.We are certain that this is true.动词+ it +从句 （ it没有任何意义 ）I heard it that he had gone abroad.I hate it when people speak with their mouth full.主语 + 谓语 + 形式宾语it + 宾补 +宾语从句I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early.I took it for granted that you would stay with us.表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后 The reason was that he didnt work hard.New York is no longer what it was ten years ago.That is why he turned me down.The book is where you left it.同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。He accepted the fact that she would never come back. Do you have any ideas where we can get cheaper secondhand car?( 二 ) 名词性从句的连词引导名词性从句的连接词； 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词： that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, whyI. 名词性that-从句 1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如： 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。 Its a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句It is necessary that It is important thatIt is obvious that b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that It is known to all thatIt has been decided that c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge thatIt is a surprise thatIt is a fact that d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句It appears thatIt happens thatIt occurred to me thatII. if, whether引导的名词从句 从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同。例如：主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.他们调查他是否值得信赖。形容词宾语： Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。 III. 名词性wh-从句 由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括what, who, whom,. whose, whoever, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。1. what用法 ）what是连词，what 在从句中充当主语，如：what is needed，从句可充当：主语What is needed is time. 需要的东西就是时间。表语This is what is needed.这就是需要的东西宾语I dont know what is needed我不知道需要什么。 ） what是连词，what 在从句中充当宾语，如：what he did，从句可充当： 主语What he did surprised all of us. 他做的事情使所有的人都惊奇。表语This is what he did.这就是他做的事情。宾语I dont know what he did.我不知道他做的事情。 ）what 是连词，what在从句中充当表语，如：what water is，从句可充当：主语What water is is known to us all.水是什么是大家都知道的。表语What the little boy want to know is what water is. 小男孩想知道的是水是什么。宾语Everybody knows what water is.人人都知道水是什么。 2. who用法）who是连词，在从句中充当主语，如：who broke the window ， 从句可充当：主语Who broke the window is not known yet. 谁打碎了窗户该不知道呢。表语The problem is who broke the window. 问题是谁打碎了窗户。宾语I dont know who broke the window. 我不知道谁打碎了窗户。 ）who是连词，在从句中充当表语，如who he is，从句可充当： 主语Who he is is being looked into. 他是谁正在被调查着。 表语 The problem is who he is. 问题是他是谁。宾语I dont know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。 ）who (whom) 是连词，在从句中充当宾语，如：who (whom) I know 从句可充当： 主语Who I know has nothing to do with you.我认识谁与你无关。表语 What she wants to know is who(m) I know. 他想知道我认识谁。宾语She doesnt want to know who(m) I know. 她不想知道我认识谁。3. whose用法 whose是连词，在从句中充当定语，如whose pronunciation is the best，从句可充当：主语Whose pronunciation is the best is a open. Secret. 谁的语音最好是个公开的秘密。 表语The problem is whose pronunciation is the best. 问题是谁的语音最好。宾语I dont know whose pronunciation is the best. 我不知道谁的语音最好。4. where用法 where是连词，where在从句中充当地点状语，如where he worked从句可充当：主语Where he worked is not far from here. 他曾经工作的地方离这儿不远。表语This is where he worked. 这就是他曾经工作的地方。宾语I know where he worked. 我知道他曾经在哪儿工作。5. when用法when是连词，when在从句中充当时间状语，如when he came here 从句可充当：主语When he came is not known to us all. 他什么时间来的我们都不知道。表语The problem is when he came here. 问题是他什么时间来的。宾语I know when he came here. 我知道他他什么时间来的。( 其余连词用法与上述方法相同) Exercises1 指出下列句子中的名词性从句，并说出连词的句法功能：1.Who will write the poem has not been decided yet. 2. Dont ask about what the meeting is for3. I heard it that he had gone abroad. 4. What surprised us is that he lost in the game.5. Watever he did is right 6. What he left us was a large sum of money.7. They kept it quiet that he was dead. 8. Tell me why you dont like school.9. He had a feeling that she might not approve of the plan. 10. Whoever comes will be welcome.11. He wasnt sure whether he ought to laugh or cry. 12. The book is where you left it.13. I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 14. We hope that you will enjoy your stay here.15. When he will be back depends on the weather. 16. We are certain that this is true.17. He accepted the fact that she would never come back.18. Where we live doesnt matter.19. I have no doubt that you were telling the truth.20. That is why he turned me down21. I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early. 22.The reason was that he didnt work hard.23. New York is no longer what it was ten years ago.24. This is where you are wrong.25. I hate it when people speak with their mouth full. 26. Thats what makes him an excellent conductor.27. She came to the conclusion that she must act at once28.I appreciated it very much that he had done me a favor.29. Our success depends on / upon how well we can cooperate with one another30. Nobody can explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared.II. 单项选择题1. His success was because of _ he had been working hard.A. that B. the fact which C.the fact that D.the fact2.Is Mary from New York City? I dont know _.A. from what city does she come from B. from what city she comeC. what city does she come from D. what city she comes from3. _ Tom liked to eat was different from _.A. Thatthat you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. Thatwhat you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected4. The reason why I didnt go to Shanghai was _ a new job.A I got B. because of getting C. because I gotD. that I got5. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. for 6. Henry killed the dog. Ill ask him why _.A. did he do that B. he did thatC. he didD. he has done so 7. Have you seen Henry lately? My boss wants to know _.A. how he is getting along B. how is he getting alongC. what he is getting along D. what is he getting along8. These computers are different from _. A. that we expected B. what we expectedC. which we have expected D. what we expect9. He asked me _ with me.A. what is the trouble B. what wrong wasC. what was the matter D. what trouble it is10. I am sure _ he said is true.A. thatB. about thatC. of thatD. that what11. When and why he came here _ yet.A. is not knownB. are not known C. has not known D. have not bee12.I wonder how much _.A. does the watch cost B. did the watch costC. the watch costedD. the watch costs13. Mary is _ someone might recognize her.A. afraid of B. afraid about C. afraid that D. afraid for14._ is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes late B. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a few minutes late D. Being a few minutes late15. They came to the conclusion _ by a computer.A. that not all things can be done B. because of not all things be doneC. being not all things can be done D. because not all things can be done16. Why the explosion occurred was _ the laboratory attendant had been careless.A. forB. becauseC. sinceD. that17. I dont doubt _ hell come.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. whether18.Why did you go to the wrong class, Mr. Wang? Well, I forget _ I was supposed to go to.A. which the roomB. which room C. what was the room D. what room was it19. Output is now six times _ it was before liberation.A. that B. which C. what D. of which20. Mary: Helen is a mere washer woman, yet shes now buying a big house.Carol: Yes. Because shes always saved _.A. what little she earns B. how little she earnsC. for little she earnsD. with little she earns21._ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. That.whatB. What.that C. That.which D. What.which22. Do you know _ ?A. what is this used for B. what this is used forC. which this is used D. that this is used for23. She is pleased with what you have given him and _ you have told him.A. thatB. whichC. all whatD. all that 24. Excuse me, would you please tell me _?A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place25. Do you happen to know _?A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his26. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts.A. how you have observed B. how what you have observedC. that you have observed D. how that you have observed27. Where do you think _?A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he28. Do you know _?A. how many populations there are in the world?B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is29. Would you go and see _ outside?A. what to take place B. what Tom has happenedC. what is happeningD. what the matter had been30. Last Sunday he promised _ today, but he hasnt appeared yet.A. that he would come B. that he will comeC. he will come to see me D. whether he would come31._? I think he is Charles.A. Who do you think he is B. Do you think who he isC. Whom do you think he isD. Do you think who he is32. He didnt know which room _.A. they livedB. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in33. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what34. The city is no longer _. A. what it is B. that it used to be C. which it was D. what it used to be35. My parents used _ they had to get a new car for me.A. which B. that C. what D. all what36._ we go swimming every day _ us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does37._ was the idea _ the wife thought of?A. What.that B. That.what C. How.why D. Why.how38. We think it possible _ the local government will be able to solve the housing problem.A. for B. that C. when D. how39.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right. what thatB. that what C. that which D. which that40. I have no idea _ or not he has finished the work.A. if B. that C. whether D. whichIII. 改错1. Its uncertain that the experiment is worth doing. 2. All what is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad. 3.What the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry. 4. You cant imagine how excited were they when they received these nice Christmas presents.5. That well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 6. What he really means is what he disagrees with us. 7. Whom is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee. 8. When well finish translating the book depend on the time. 9. Where will the house be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting. 10. If you come or not is up to you. 11. That is what he likes the place so much. 12. That is that Lu Xun once lived. 13. We thought strange that Tom did not come yesterday. 14. The fact which she had not said anything surprised all of us. 15. Can you tell me who is that gentleman? 16.Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. 17.The energy is that makes the cells able to do their work. 18 Jack was soon told why he did was not necessary. 19. Is this what we met each other two years ago?20. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see who he is.21.I dont care whether she has no money. I care if she is honest or not.22. The child is always lying, so none of us will believe no matter what he says.23. See to that the children dont catch cold.24. He, that is playing an important part,which is well-known to us all.25. The boy dived into the water and, after it seemed to be a long time, he came up again.IV. 根据汉语用英语完成句子1. _ _ _ _ _was true. 他偷了一部自行车是真的。2. The important thing is _ _ _ , but not_ _ _. 重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。3. _ _ _ _ _ _ has not been found. 他出生在何时何地还不知道。4. The problem is _ _ _ _ to the little boy. 问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。5. She insisted _ _ _ _ _ _ the countryside.她坚持不被派到农村去。6. I dont care about _ _ _ _ _ _. 我并不在意你是否有钱。7. He has made _ _ _ he will not give in. 他清楚地表明他不会屈服。8. We dont believe _ _ _ _ _ _. 我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。9. Nobody knows _ _ _ _. 没有人知道他来自哪里10. I couldnt understand _ _ _ _. 我不能理解为什么被拒绝了。11. _ _ _ _ all the museums will be reopened soon. 据宣布所有的博物馆将在不久重新开放12. He insisted that he _ in good health and _ _ _ to work there.他坚持认为他身体健康，并且坚持要求被派到那儿去工作13. _ _ _ _ _ shoud turn off the lights.无论谁最后离开房间都应该关灯。14. It is known to us all _ _ _ _ _, there is harm. 众所周知，哪儿有污染，哪儿就有伤害。15. The problem is _ _ _ _ _ _. 问题在于这部电影是否值得一看。Keys1 指出下列句子中的名词性从句，并说出连词的句法功能：1. Who will write the poem是主语从句， who 在从句中充当主语2. what the meeting is for 是宾语从句， what 在从句中充当for的宾语3. that he had gone abroad. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分4. What surprised us 是主语从句， what 在从句中充当主语 that he lost in the game. 是表语从句，that 不充当任何成分5. Watever he did是主语从句， whatever 在从句中充当宾语6. What he left us是主语从句，what 在从句中充当宾语7. that he was dead. 是宾语从句，that 不充当任何成分8. why you dont like school是宾语从句， why在从句中充当原因状语9. that she might not approve of the plan. 是同位语从句，that 不充当任何成分10. Whoever comes是主语从句， whoever 在从句中充当主语11. whether he ought to laugh or cry. 是形容词sure 的宾语从句， whether不充当任何成分12. where you left it. 是表语从句，where在从句中充当地点状语13. that you would stay with us. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分14. that you will enjoy your stay here. 是宾语从句， that 不充当任何成分15. When he will be back是主语从句，