停车收费及管理策略(英文PPT).ppt

Parkingpricingandmanagement Parkingpolicy Problems negativeimpactsTypicalpolicydevelopmentPolicyconflictsWhatdolocalauthoritiescontrol Regulatingandenforcingon streetparkingOff streetparkingEffectofparkingoneconomicvitalityParkandrideGainingacceptanceforparkingpolicySomeconclusions Structureofseminar Attheendoftoday sclassyoushouldhaveanunderstandingof SomedefinitionsParking positiveandnegativeimpactsTypicalpolicydevelopment andpolicyconflictsWhatdolocalauthoritiescontrol Regulatingandenforcingon streetparkingOff streetparking types costs control usesEffectofparkingoneconomicvitalityParkandrideGainingpublicacceptanceforparkingpolicyLectureandtutorialstogetyouworkingwiththematerial Somedefinitions On street Publicoff street Publicoff street canbeinparkingstructures Privatenon residential PNR Payanddisplayparkingmeter Positiveimpactsofparkingpolicy HasanimpactonmodeshareCansupportlocaleconomicdevelopmentMajorrevenueearnerImprovesroadsafetyInfluencescarownership Negativeimpactsofparking Effectofonstreetparking andparkingsearch on congestion roadsafetyenvironmentblockingbuslanesandstops footwaysandcrossingsOff street ConstructioncostsandspaceusedSurface 3k spaceStructure 15 20k spaceUnderground 25k spaceupwardsPeakcarjourneysinduced esp byPNR Task Foryourtownorcity whatarethekeyproblemsandissuesrelatedtoparking Take10minutesworkingwithyourneighbourtothinkaboutthis Thenwewilldiscussthis tolookforcommonalities anddifferences Policyconflicts Economicvitality Demand congestionmanagement Revenueraising Safety accessibility Typicaldevelopmentofaparkingpolicy FromCOST342 especiallyrelevanttoon streetpolicy Stage1 noproblems Stage2 asdemand supply regulationsintroducedStage3 demandfurtherincreases timelimitsintroducedtofavourshortstayshoppers visitorsStage4 commuterspushedfurtherout conflictwithresidents residents zonesintroducedStage5 moreandmoredifferentiationofparkingtariffsStage6 parkandride Stage7 inclusionofparkinginmobilitymanagement Whatdolocalauthoritiescontrol Theycontrol Regulationofon streetparking Inafewcountries enforcementofon streetparkingParkingstandardsfornewdevelopmentPublicoff streetcarparksthattheyownand orrunCarparksfortheirownstaffBUTtheydon tcontrol PNRandresidentialparking oncebuiltPublicoff streetcarparksthattheydon townand orrun Inmostcountries enforcementofon streetparking includingsettingfinesandcollectingmoney So parkingpoliciestomanagedemand Regulating enforcingon streetparking EnforcementpowersDifferencesacrossEuropeTrend frompolicetolocalauthorityParkinglowpriorityforpoliceandcourtsE g ofUKdecriminalisedparkingsystem LocalauthoritiesacrossEuropehavepowersCantaketimetoimplementConsultation Someon streetparkingprices Feeperhour 2002 Vienna0 87Brussels0 50Paris1 00 3 00Lyon1 50 5 00Bremen0 60 1 50Cologne1 00 2 00Stuttgart0 20 2 00Munich2 00 2 50Dublin1 00 1 90Amsterdam1 60 2 50Maastricht1 40Lisbon0 50Madrid0 60 1 20Barcelona0 90 1 20Edinburgh1 20 3 00CentralLondon7 00 Off streetparking Whobuildsoff streetpublicparking Whopaysforit Howmuchdoesitcost Off streetparkingforresidents e g Lyon Publicoff streetvsprivateoff street PNR Majorindustry whocontrolsit Prices shouldbe on street Higherperhourforlongerstays Parkingandeconomicvitality Doesmoreparkingleadtoabettereconomy Doeslessparkingleadtoaworseeconomy Whatroledoesparkingplayin Whereshopperschoosetoshop Wherecompanieschoosetolocate Arecertaintradersmoredependentonparkingthanothers Parkandride1 Whybuildparkandride 1970 1990220 growthinP Rsitesand337 increaseinP Rspacesin Europe COST342 SuccessfulP Rneeds Frequentfast cheap publictransporttocentreLackofparkingincentreEasyroadaccesstocarparkHighqualitysecurefacilities ofdemandwillcomefromtripspreviouslymadecompletelybyPTUnofficialP R Parkandride2 EffectsofP Rontraffic COST342 Vienna P Rtakes12 ofcitycentre boundtrafficChester 20 Madrid 20 000usersperday Barcelona 12 000 Hanover 10 000 Strasbourg P Rkeyelementinsuccessoftramline 43 ofmotorisedtripsnowmadebypublictransport Oxford UK 3 9 reductionincity centreboundtraffic Parkingstandardsfornewdevelopment amountofparkingprovidedwithnewbuildingsCateringfordemandorcontrollingdemand RelatingparkingprovisiontopublictransportaccessibilityCateringforspecificuserse g disabled parents cyclistsShouldtherebecentralgovernmentguidanceonparkingstandards Responseofdeveloperstoconstraintsonparkingprovision PPG13Parkingstandards UK ThesearemaximumstandardsFoodretail1spaceper14m2Nonfoodretail1spaceper20m2Cinemasandconferencefacilities1spaceper5seatsB1includingoffices1spaceper30m2 1spaceper2 3staffHigherandfurthereducation 1spaceper2staff 1spaceper15studentsStadia1spaceper15seatsResidential PPG3 max1 5spaces house Parkingstandardselsewhere Europemovingtowardsmaximumstandards Parkingandmobilitymanagement Mobilitymanagement useof soft measurestogetmoreoutoftransportsystemParking managesmobilityMobilitymanagementshouldinclude Parking parkandrideinformationParkingmanagementatlargeemployersandateventsLinksbetweenparkingpricing paymentandpublictransportpricing payment Implementingworkplaceparkingmanagement Whenparkingchargingorrationingimplementedaspartofsite basedmobilitymanagement needtotakeintoaccount NeedforclearobjectivesandrecognitionofaproblemProcessofimplementingchargeLevelsofcharge exemptionfromthemEnforcementEmployees contractsAdministrationUseofchargeOverspill Gainingacceptanceforparkingpolicy CommunicationofchangesandreasonsforthemPublicknowandunderstandthemeasures Perceivedbenefitfeesandotherregulationsrelatedtosizeofproblem Alternativetransportexiststoagoodstandard RevenueusedfairlyandtransparentlyParkingregulationsenforcedconsistentlyandfairly Finesnotexcessiveandrelatedtoseriousnessoftheoffence Conclusions Parking keydeterminantofmodechoiceParking keyfeatureofurbantransportpolicyParkingprovision shouldbecontrolledandrelatedtoaccessibilitybyothermodes Linkbetweenparkingandeconomicvitality complexandunclearPNRcanbeaddressedwithpoliticalwillControlledzonescanbringbiglocalbenefitsParkandrideneedscarefulevaluation Task ReadthesummaryoftheconclusionsfromCOST342 T