社区社会工作介入青少年领袖能力培养的双赢视角.doc

一、相关概念解析（一）社区与社区社会工作。社区的概念起源于德国社会学家滕尼斯，其概念众说纷纭，本文中，社区选取的概念是社区居委会辖区，也是社工提供社区服务的基本单元。社区社会工作是社会工作的三大方法之一，是指献身于增加非专业人士的知识、增强人们应对困难和窘境的能力、使人们能够对自己周围的环境有更大控制能力的一种专业;其特征是以社区为对象，工作重点是解决社区内群体面临的集体问题和居民共同关心的社区事务，包括六大模式：社区照顾、社区组织、社区发展、社区计划、社区教育和社区行动。在本文中，社区社会工作是指社区社会工作者在社区从事的相关工作的总和。（二）青少年领袖能力及培养。青少年是指成长发育过程中的年轻人，没有明确的年龄界定，其代表着从儿童期向成年期过度的向上发展的人生阶段。青少年时期，个体经历着生理上的变化，逐渐从未发育到发育完全;心理上的自我意识从模糊到清楚;从社会层面来说，是将社会的价值体系规章制度内化到个人人格体系中，由生物人转变为社会人的社会化过程的关键阶段。由此可知，青少年时期是人生的关键时期，期间的能力培养与提升将对其以后的人生发展产生深远的影响，应该得到重视。青少年领袖能力培养在部分发达国家和中国的港澳台地区已经得到一定程度的发展并取得很好的社会反响，我国大陆的部分地区也已经引进其概念并开展了相关的活动。关于领袖能力的界定，国内外学者并没有统一明确的定义，本文综合考虑引用了美国耶鲁大学最受推崇的领袖能力训练课的相关内容作为定义，其认为领袖能力包括个人魅力、号召力、影响力、领导力、决策力、执行力、控制力、沟通力、意志力、洞察力、创新力这十一种能力。由此可知，青少年领袖能力培养就是指通过一定的方式方法培养青少年上述十一种能力的活动，并应将其视为素质教育的重要组成部分。二、社区社会工作介入青少年领袖能力培养的方式方法社区作为青少年社会化的场所之一，社区内青少年领袖能力培养属社区教育的范畴，是对学校教育的有效补充，主要由社区社会工作者运用社会工作的三大方法开展，三大方法各有利弊，相互补充，相辅相成，体现了服务从预防性、发展性到补救性的全覆盖。（一）个案。以一对一的方式服务对自身控制能力、沟通能力、意志力等领袖能力的任何方面存在疑惑、缺乏自信、遇到实际困难不知如何解决的青少年，社工将针对青少年的个体情况制定相应的辅导计划，帮助青少年健康成长度过难关。（二）小组。以一对多的形式，开展以青少年领袖能力培养为总体目标的多次、连续性活动。小组内容可选取青少年领袖能力培养的某一个领域、某一种能力，开展多次的由浅入深的、循序渐进的小组活动，也可以选取青少年领袖能力培养的某几个领域、某几种能力，遵循一定的逻辑顺序开展多次、连续的相关小组活动。组员的招募应遵循自愿报名的原则，对组员的筛选应注意组员之间的年龄差距及接受能力差异，并以此作为安排小组活动内容难易程度的依据。（三）社区活动。以一对多的形式，围绕青少年领袖能力培养这一主题，开展的一次性活动。包括相关宣传、招募活动;涉及青少年领袖能力培养宏观体系或某一领域的主题沙龙、主题讲座等。三、社区社会工作对青少年领袖能力培养的促进作用及有利影响（一）提供技术支持。在青少年领袖能力培养的大背景下，无论是社会工作者提供的个案、小组、社区活动哪一种形式的服务，都体现了社区社会工作者为青少年领袖能力培养提供的相应知识与技能。社区聘用的专业社会工作者具备社会学、心理学、管理学、社会工作等多学科的综合专业背景，具备社会工作从业资格，其相关专业知识及实务技巧为青少年领袖能力培养提供了有力的技术支持。（二）提供实践平台。社区是社会的缩影，社区为青少年领袖能力培养提供了良好的校外学习与实践平台，青少年可以以社区志愿者的身份将所学到的领袖能力相关知识应用于社区服务实践中，避免单一理论学习的弊端，在实践中得到提升与成长，以期在社区中实现青少年走出校门进入社会的良性过渡。（三）激发学习动机。社区服务作为社区社会工作的重要组成部分十分重视居民的参与，青少年参与到社区服务的实践中更容易找到自己的不足之处。在团队合作中可能发现自己沟通能力的欠缺;在大型活动的组织策划中，可能发现自己的领导能力有待提升。实践中带来的体验更容易激起青少年的学习兴趣，使其具备主动学习探索领袖能力并提升相应能力的学习动机。四、青少年领秀能力培养对社区社会工作的促进作用及有利影响（一）营造良好的社区氛围。领袖能力是一种积极正向的能量，在社区内进行青少年领袖能力的培养，将有利于营造共同学习，积极向上的良好社区氛围，为社区社会工作的顺利开展打下了良好的基础。（二）充实社区服务的人力资源。青少年作为社区居民的组成部分，也是社区参与、社区志愿者服务不可或缺的力量，领袖能力培养提升了青少年的相关能力，提升了社区服务生力军的数量与质量。（三）提升社区服务的公信力。社区内多数的青少年都和自己的家人生活在一起，他们在社区内接受领袖能力培养的相关服务后，他们的家人会感受到他们的变化，青少年就像是一个桥梁帮助他们的家人了解社区社会工作的相关内容，提升了居民对社区服务的信任感。First, the related concept analysis(a) community and community social work. The community concept originated in the German sociologist Tonnies, the concept of this paper, the concept of community Public opinions are divergent., select the neighborhood area, the basic unit is to provide community service workers.Community social work is one of the three methods of social work, is a dedicated to increase non professional knowledge, enhance people to cope with difficulties and dilemma of ability, make people around for their environment has more control of a professional; its characteristic is a community of like, the focus is on resolving the common concern of the community is facing the problem of collective and residents in community affairs, including six modes: community care, community organizations, community development, community planning, community education and community action. In this paper, the community social work refers to the sum of community social workers in related work in the community.(two) youth leadership ability and training. A teenager is a process of growth and development of young people, there is no clear definition of age, which represents from childhood to adulthood over to the stage of life development. Adolescence, individual experience physiological changes, has never developed into a fully developed; psychological sense of self from vague to clear; from the perspective of the society is will value system of society rules internalized into the system of individual personality, by the biological transformation for the agency will be the key stage of the process of socialization,. Therefore, adolescence is a critical period of life, and ascension will have a far-reaching impact on the later life during the development of ability, should be taken seriously.Develop the youth leadership ability in some developed countries and Chinas Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan area has been a certain degree of development and achieved good social repercussions, parts of our country, also has been the introduction of the concept and carry out the related activities. About leadership defined there is no unified and clear definition of domestic and foreign scholars, considering quoted at Yale University in the United States, the most respected leadership training class as defined, it considers leadership includes the personal charm, appeal, influence, leadership, decision-making, execution, control, communication, willpower, insight, creativity these eleven kinds of ability. It can be seen that the youth leader ability training is to develop the eleven kinds of activities of the young people through a certain way, and it should be regarded as an important part of quality education.Two, community social work involved in the way of youth leadership ability trainingCommunity as one of the teenagers socialization place, community youth leadership culture belongs to the category of community education is an effective supplement to the school education, mainly by the community social workers using the three methods of social work development, three methods have their advantages and disadvantages, complement each other, complement each other, embodies the service from preventive, development to salvage a full coverage.(a) case. Any aspect of to one to one service to its control ability, communication ability, willpower and leadership there is a doubt, lack of confidence, encounter practical difficulties do not know how to solve teenagers. Social workers will aimed at young teenagers individual formulation corresponding remedial plan, help the healthy growth of young people to tide over their difficulties.(two) group. In the form of one to many, the development of the ability to train young people as the overall goal of multiple, continuous activities. Groups can be selected youth leadership ability of a certain area, a certain ability to carry out multiple progressive, progressive group activities can also be selected youth leadership training of a few areas, certain ability, follow the certain Luo Jishun sequence carrying out group activities repeatedly and continuously. Members of the recruitment should follow the principle of voluntary registration, the team members of the screening should pay attention to the age gap between the team members and the ability to accept differences, and as a basis for the content of the activities of the group activities to ease the degree.(three) community activities. With many of the forms around the theme of youth leadership ability, one-time activities. Including the relevant publicity and recruitment activities; to youth leadership ability of macro system or a field theme salon, lectures etc.Three, community social work to promote the cultivation of youth leadership ability and favorable effect(a) to provide technical support. In the context of the youth leadership training, whether it is social workers provide a case, small group, and community activities which forms of service, embody the community social workers for youth leadership training to provide the corresponding knowledge and skills. Community employment of professional social workers have