高三阅读理解公开课ppt课件.ppt

ReadingComprehension 1 英语高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生能读懂简易的英语文学作品 科普文章 公告 说明 广告以及书 报 杂志中的简短文段并能从中获取相关信息 考生应能 1 理解主旨大意 mainidea 2 理解文中具体细节 specificdetails 3 根据上下文推断生词的词义 wordmeanings 4 做出判断和推理 judgementandinference 5 理解文章的基本结构 passagestructure 6 理解作者的意图 观点和态度 attitudes opinions 2 一 主旨归纳题 Usualtypes mainidea topic besttitle purpose 这种试题要求能把握文章的总体 并真正理解主题和中心 要求能较好地运用概括 判断 归纳 推理等逻辑思维方法解题 难度较大 属于高层次题 3 questionforms 大意类 Themainideaofthepassageis Whatisthepassagemainlyabout 标题类 What sthebesttitle headlineforthepassage Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe 作者意图类 What sthewriter spurposeinwritingthepassage Theauthor spurposeofwritingthispassageis 4 1 段落中出现表转折的词语 如however but infact actually while onthecontrary incontrast等 时 其后的句子很可能是主题句 2 首段出现疑问句时 对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句 3 作者有意识地反复强调的观点 通常是主旨 反复出现的词语 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词 4 表示总结或结论的话常有therefore thus inshort conclude conclusion等 找主题句的四个小窍门 5 Pleasekeepinmind Practicemakesperfect Haveatry Guessthemainideaofeachpassagequickly 6 Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease illness cancer cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems Forexample itcangiveonea smoker scough Finally studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller cancer smokingisharmful Isitworthit 1minute Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage 开门见山 提出主题 随之用细节来解释 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想 最常见的演绎法写作方式 Passage1 7 Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent 无辜的 无罪的 无辜者 Ontheotherhand nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal Andthemanwhoknows everything mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness So itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance 1minute Pleasefindoutthetopicsentenceofthepassage 在表述细节后 归纳要点 印象 结论建议或结果 以概括主题 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后 如 so onthewhole asaresult inshort therefore thus Passage2 8 Passage3Successisoftenmeasuredbytheabilitytoovercomeadversity 困境 逆境 But itisoftenthebeliefofothersthatgivesusthecouragetotry J K Rowling authoroftheHarryPotterbookseries beganwritingatage6 Inherbiography becamethefirstpersontoencourageherandhelpbuildtheconfidencethatonedayshewouldbeaverygoodwriter Nowwithsevenbooksthathavesoldnearly400millioncopiesin64languages J K Rowlingisthehighestearningnovelistinhistory Anditallbeganwithhercommitmenttowritingthatwasfosteredbytheconfidenceofafriend 2minutes Thetextmainlytellsus A hardshipmakesagoodnovelistB thecouragetotryisaspecialabilityC youcanhaveawonderfulideaeverywhereD encouragementcontributestoone ssuccess 9 detail Passage4TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors HarvardLawSchooland later BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalback ground HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami Florida 2minutes Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat A TomhadstudiedatParisandmovedtoanotheruniversity B TombecamealawyerafterhisgraduationfromCollege C TomwasanexcellentstudentatBerlinuniversity D Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation detail detail 10 TypesofParagraphStructures Atthebeginning Attheendofthepassage Inthemiddle Nocleartopicsentence 11 Whatshouldwepayattentionto Oneswallowdoesnotmakeasummer 一燕不成夏 不要以偏概全 2 Transitionalwordsandexpressions 过渡词but yet however although inspiteof bycontrast onthecontrary 12 Howtotellthewrongchoices 2 放大或缩小文章的主题 把文章的主题进行放大或缩小3 偷换概念 把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题 1 以偏概全 故意片面地理解文章 把文章中出现过的某一观点当成整篇文章的主题 13 Howdoweguessthemeaningsofnewwords 二 猜测生词的词义 如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这种题型常见的设题方式有 1 Theunderlinedword phrase inthepassagemeans 2 Theword it them inthefirstparagraphrefersto 3 Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans 4 Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedwordinthesecondparagraph 14 要求考生根据语境猜测生词 短语或句子的意思 或者推断熟词生义 题干中常含有mean isclosestinmeaningto referto bereplacedby等 这类题在广东高考最近六年来 每年考查一个小题 15 例1 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear 2 Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle thatis itwillbreakeasily 牧羊人 thatis Rule1 touse 根据文中的定义 解释猜生词 definition explanation Signalwords is iscalled bedefinedas 被定义为 like thesameas referto such suchas like forexample instance especially include Guessthemeaning 易碎的 脆性的 16 Rule2 touse 例1 Doctorsbelievethatsmokingcigarettesisdetrimentaltoyourhealth Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful 2 MostwomeninGhana theeducatedandilliterate theurbanandrural theyoungandold worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers harmful also harmful 文盲的 不识字的 1 并列关系 Signalwords and or also thatistosay 换句话说 也就是说 inotherwords 换句话说 and guessthemeaning logicalrelationships逻辑关系 17 例3 Therearechargesforprescriptionanddentalcarebutmanypeople suchaschildren pregnantwomen pensioners andthoseonIncomeSupport areexemptfrompayment Whatdoestheunderlinedword exempt probablymean A sufferingB differentC preventedD free but charges 2 根据转折或对比关系进行判断 Rule2 touse 4 Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass Signalwords but however yet or otherwise while though ononehand ontheotherhand ratherthan insteadof punctual准时的 logicalrelationships 收费 要价 18 Rule2 touse logicalrelationships 例5 He ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade 买卖 贸易 交易 6 Theteacherdidnotheartheknockatthedoorbecausehewascompletelyengrossedinhisreading smart sharp精明的 敏锐的 such that Signalwords absorbed专心致志的 全神贯注的 3 根据因果关系进行判断 because since as for so therefore 因此 so that such that thus Guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedword because 19 Rule3 touse Somefamilynamesweremadebyaddingsomethingtothefather sname English speakingpeopleadded sor son TheJohnsonsaredescendantsofJohn theRobertsfamily sancestor 祖先 wasRobert A latergenerationsB friendsandrelativesC colleaguesandpartnersD latersponsors 2 Europeancountries forthepresent aredeeplymiredineconomictroubles Itisreportedthattheireconomicfuturelooksuncertainanddark A trappedB absorbedC engagedD interested context 根据上下文语境做出判断 20 Rule4 touse 1 Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim Impossibletotravelonorthrough不能通行的 2 Hefellintoaditch 沟 渠 andlaythere semiconscious forafewminutes partiallyconscious wordformation 根据构词法 合成 派生 转化 进行判断 semi 前缀 半 部分 conscious有知觉的 有意识的 神志清醒的 21 Rule5 tousecommonsenseandexperience根据常识 经验猜生词 1 Thesoundofwatergentlylappingagainstthesideoftheboatduringthesilentnightwasverypleasant tapping拍打 2 RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming Thephrase moppingup intheparagraphmeans A cleaningupB takinginC wipingoutD givingout 打扫或清除干净 吸入 理解 领会 彻底消灭 全部摧毁 分发 发出 放出 热 光等 像亚马逊这样的热带雨林对于吸收大气中的二氧化碳 帮助减缓全球变暖有着重要作用 22 Summary Rule1 根据文中的定义 解释猜生词Rule2 根据逻辑关系 并列 对比 转折 因果 Rule3 根据上下文语境做出判断Rule4 根据构词法 合成 派生 转化 进行判断Rule5 根据常识 经验猜生词 23 根据近年来高考阅读理解对同学们提出新的要求 建议同学们在以下几个方面加强自我训练 1 猜测熟词新含义例1 Themajormarketforcerestsinthegrowingpopulationofwhite collaremployees whocanaffordthenewservice 例2 That simpossible saidhe whorunsanItalianrestaurant 猜测熟词含义除了要求同学们有较强的语境分析能力外 还要求同学们有较宽的知识面 对常见有新含义的熟词要弄清其用法 并将这些词进行简要归纳整理 2 猜测词性变换新词含义Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50 000yearsago howcouldtheyevenbegintopicturemodernlife 利用熟词的新词性来抽象词义 关键应在理解原词的基础上 分析它的新词性 并结合原词含义发挥合理想象 从而概括抽象出它的新词义 猜词能力 白领雇员 经营 想象 24 1 Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry chickens ducksandgeese bothfortheireggsandtheirmeat 家禽 practicemakesperfect 25 2 AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow Hisbrother incontrast isquitehumbleandmodest supercilious高傲的 傲慢的 modest 谦虚的 谦逊的 26 3 Timdranktoomuchwaterlastnight sohewenttovisitjohntwice 厕所 27 4 Ifyouagree write yes ifyoudissent write no disagree 28 5 Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow 浑浊的 污浊不清的 29 6 Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile becauseshewasusingthewrongkey 徒劳的 无效的 30 7 Shewantedthehai