大学英语四级写作讲义_Elen(1).doc

大学英语四级写作讲义Elen一、四级考试写作评分标准1. 本题满分为106分(占15%)，字数120180字，时间30分钟。写作要求是思想表达准确、意义连贯、无严重语法错误。2. 阅卷标准共分四等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。最终得分=分数100.15分数（106.543.5分）2分：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或绝大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分：基本切题。思想表达不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语法错误。8分：基本切题。思想表达清楚，文章尚连贯，但语法错误较多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语法错误。14分：切题。思想表达清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语法错误。仅有个别小错误。阅卷人根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数（如11分）相似，即定为该分数（即11分）；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数，则可以加一分（即12分）或减一分（即10分）。但不得加或减半分。3. 字数不够扣分。（各段已给出的主题句均不得计入） 段落不够扣分。（只写一段者：0 4分；只写两段者：0 9分。）二、四级作文命题规律 YearTitleRequirements2013WhatElectivestoChoose1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课；2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课；3.以你自己为例The Importance of Doing Small Things一屋不扫何以扫天下2012Education paysOn Excessive Packaging1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象 2.出现这一现象的原因 3.我对这一现象的看法和建议2011Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong WillQuitting smoking is the easiest thing in the world. Ive done it hundreds of time.Online Shopping 1现在网上购物已成为一种时尚 2网上购物有很多好处，但也有不少问题 3我的建议 2010How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling 1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写 2. 出现这种情况的原因 3. 为了改变这种状况，我认为2009Creating a Green Campus1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该Free admission to museums1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？2008Recreational Activities1.娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性3.作为大学生，我的看法。Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag1.一次性塑料袋的使用2.使用一次性塑料袋带来的问题3.限制一次性塑料袋的意义 图1图2考试的命题作文大都是议论文结构，一般来说题目内容应该是考生所熟悉的，能够有话可说的，如那些社会热点问题就是经常出的题目。总的来说，根据学生要求掌握的词汇，根据学生的知识结构，年龄特点和文化背景，出题的范围可大致如下：n 科学技术：计算机，克隆，电视，小汽车等对社会和生活的影响n 社会问题：如住房，交通，就业，犯罪，婚姻，环境，能源和广告等n 校园生活：如学习方式，考试，课余活动，体育锻炼，人际交往和兴趣爱好等n 青少年问题：如父子代沟，抽烟吸毒，个人思想，职业选择，文化教育和成功失败等n 文化教育：阅读，道德修养，出国留学，学生减负，教育与成长等三、作文模板九句话模板Class work （1）吸烟的问题越来越受到人们的关注（2）吸烟的害处（3）你的想法四、范文赏析范文一、 Justasisrevealedinthepictureabove,theyoung,nowadays,justliketheboyinthedrawing,arepronetoreachforwhatisbeyondtheirgrasp,butignorethesignificanceofdoingsomethingtrivialandsimplebeforeaccomplishinggreatfeats.Thereisnodoubtthatthesymbolicmeaningsubtlyconveyedinthepictureshouldbegivendeepconsideration.Asweallknow,amanwhodoesnotsweeparoom,doesntmentiontosweeptheworld.Inotherwords,thefoundationsofabuildingmustbestrong,orelsethewholestructurewillfalldownsomeday.Therefore,whenitcomestothekeytosuccess,themostimportantthingliesindoingeverytinythingwellaroundyou.Asthesayinggoes,“thehighesteminenceistobegainedstepbystep.”Toachievethegoal,notmerelydoweneedambition;wealsoneedtorealizetheimportanceofdealingwithtrivialityfromthebeginning.Onlyinthiswaycanwegetonthewaytosuccessdowntoearth.范文二Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay Frustration EducationYou should write at least l 20 words following the outline given below1学校应当加强挫折教育；2开展挫折教育意义深远；3你认为应该如何开展挫折教育。Frustration EducationStudents born after 80s or 90s usually grow up in a comfortable environment without failure or defeatBut frustration is inevitable during our life，and frustration education should be carried out among colleges and universitiesThe influence of frustration education is deep and profoundOn the one hand，it plays an important role in ensuring students mental and physical healthA case in point is that there are an increasing number of college students committing suicide each year when confronted with some kind of frustration On the other hand，coping with frustration in a rational way is crucial to successThe road to Rome is certainly uneasyEven though we have a clear idea of the importance of frustration education, we will face the problem on how to strengthen the education of frustrationAs for parents，they are advised not to protect their children too muchAs for university authoritiesthey should provide students with more opportunities of working in a hard environmentAs for studentsthey should learn how to face difficulty independentlyTo conclude，college students should be guided in the right path when facing setbacks in life范文三、Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay The Importance of Interpersonal CommunicationYou should write at least l20 words following the outline given below1人人需要与他人交流；2人际交流的重要性；3结论。The Importance of Interpersonal CommunicationThe 21st century is an age of information and knowledgeIn such an age，interpersonal communication plays an increasingly important role both in the society and in a companyWhy is interpersonal communication so important? There are some reasons contributing to this new trendFirst，it helps people to understand each other better and clean up misunderstandingFor example，in a family，communication makes the family members get closer owing to the mutual understanding. Second, it helps people get more information and knowledgeStudents can learn more effectively if they can communicate more with his teachers and classmatesAs for leaders or professionals need more information which largely depends on their communicative channelsThird, without the interpersonal communication, our life would become a desert lack of emotion and friendshipLast but not the least，communication between people makes our life lively，interesting and lovelyIn a word，humans，as social animals，have to communicate with each other，the importance of which can never be overemphasized五、写作小提示1. 切题所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目要求，并在内容上没有偏差。拿到作文试卷后的第一件事就是审题。2. 干净阅卷人员每人每天要批改大量的试卷，把字写得干净整齐就是尊重阅卷老师的辛勤劳动。3. 开门见山。好的作文应该单刀直入，直截了当。不要兜圈子，绕弯子，第一句话最好就采用“topic sentence”，点明主题，重点突出这叫“开门见山”。4. 减少错误n 写作过程中碰到自己不会写或拿不准的词或句型，是写还是不写?n 检查有必要吗？动词 时态，语态是否正确名词 单数、复数、可数、不可数，专有名词大小写主谓一致 分清主句和从句，使各自的主谓一致形容词、副词 用法是否正确，比较级与最高级是否得当介词、连词 搭配是否正确其他关联词 用法是否正确单词拼写 标点符号5. 闪光点旗帜鲜明地亮出自己的观点之后，下面我们应该用事例来支持自己的观点，这些事例，就叫做“闪光点”。这时，有两个相当重要的词汇大家应该铭记在心“with”和“without”，可以算是一把开启各式门锁的“万能钥匙”。如:Good health is of great importance to all of us. With it，we can study hard and serve the country as well. However, without good health, we will fail to work efficiently, stay in hospital, or even become a burden of our family，etc.用词多样丰富 n I think hold, maintain, in my opinion, personally speaking, as far as I am concerned, from my point of viewn so therefore, thus, consequently, as a result, hencebut however, on the contrary, while, neverthelessn make enablen because of thanks to, owing to, due to, as a result of, on account of 长短句、主被动、强调倒装句交错使用n When it comes to, I hold the view that n There is no denying the fact that n There is no doubt thatn No wonder n The reason whyis that n On no account can we n Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that n With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that.n Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person. Some hold that. . However, others believe that.n on the whole, in conclusion, in a word, in short, all in all, to sum upn Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that.n It is high time that we put an end to the (trend).n There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of .n Only in this way can we.n No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that.n Obviously, . If we want to do something. , it is essential that.n still, indeed, apparently, of course, after all, significantly, above all, certainly, undoubtedly, anyway, in fact, especiallyn like, similarly, likewise, in the same way, equallyn on the contrary, while, on the other hand, unlike, instead, different from, however, nevertheless, otherwisen nowadays, during, finally, in the end, meanwhile, at the same time, from now on, for the time being(暂时), immediately, now and thenn to begin with, first of all, first and foremost, in the first place, besides, whats more, in addition, besides, furthermore, above all, last but not the leastn that is to say, in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact恰当使用警句格言n As the old saying goes,“Rome is not built in a day.”Similarly, n Practice makes perfect.n Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。n Better late than never.n An idle youth, a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。n Necessity is the mother of invention.n One hour today is worth two tomorrow.n Actions speak louder than words.n Birds of a feather flock together. 物以类聚，人以群分。n Judge not from appearances. 人不可貌相。n All things are difficult before they are easy. 万事开头难。n Constant dripping wears away the stone. 锲而不舍，金石可镂。n Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。n Slow and steady wins the race.n A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。n A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行，始于足下。n Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。n Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 n A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 n East or west, home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 n Do in Rome as Romans do. 入乡随俗。 n Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。 六、 写作演练1. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly。You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1. 现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象2. 保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性3. 作为一个大学生应该怎样做2. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic. Advertisement. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 广告的作用2. 广告的形式多样3. 广告的夸张性3. For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic College Students Job Hunting. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 近几年出现了大学生就业难的现象2. 产生这种现象的原因（如大学生追求的目标过高，专业不对口等）3. 如何解决这一问题（改变就业观念，大学生再培训等）4. For this part, you are allowed 30 min