阅读理解之猜测词义.doc

阅读理解解题方法之词义猜测的方法一、根据构词法推测词义 近几年高考阅读理解中，用构词法知识（合成、转化、派生）的词呈上升趋势，特别派生词。大多数学生对于后缀比较熟悉，但是当前缀或者前后缀都有时， 就感觉比较陌生，因而造成理解障碍。我们可以依靠构词法知识，通过生词的词形结构猜测词义。 1. 根据前缀猜测词义 Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in theday.（2009 年全国卷II A 篇）overeating 的意思是“_”。 2. 根据后缀猜测词义 “How do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? Thats what were all struggling with. ” generalized 的意思是：“_”。（2009 年北京卷C 篇） 3. 根据合成词猜测词义 Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的） hand positions. Well-designed 的意思是“_”。 4. 根据转化猜测词义 The plan comes as West End theatresare enjoying record audiences, thanks largely to musicals teaming up with television talent shows. （2009 年天津卷C 篇）teaming 的意思是“_”。 练习：（1）They overestimate the interviewers ability and asked him many difficult questions .(2)Take out all removable parts and wash them with warm water .二、根据定义推测词义 常用表示定义解释关系的词有is, mean, is called, refer to, stand for 等。 Do you know what a “territory” is? A territory is an area that an animal, usuallythe male, claims（声称）as its own.解析：此句中is 后面是对生词“territory”的明确定义。由定义部分可推断，territory意思是“_”。（1）The enemy soldiers surrendered, that is, threw their weapons and walked out with their hands above their heads .（2）The word ecology means the study of the relationship between living things and their surroundings. 三、根据解释猜测词义 虽然解释不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是仍为我们猜测生词的大致意义提供了足够依据。解释部分可以是词、短语或从句。解释的两部分之间常用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号或括号等。 When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest, suddenly turns up in children in the American Midwest, its hard not to wonder -（2009 年全国卷I C 篇）解析：由monkey-pox 后的 解释a disease usually found in the African rain forest，可猜出生词monkey-pox 的义域是“一种非洲热带雨林发现的疾病”。 需要注意的是：解释前还常有or, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say i.e. 等词语出现。(1)In Russia if we give flowers as a present, we have to give an odd number of them (one, three ,five ,etc ) because even number of flowers(two , four , six ,etc)are for funerals.通过括号里的例子可知odd number为_, even number为_。(2)One of the tourists has just been bluejackedsecretly sent a test message using short-range wireless technology called bluetooth.通过破折号后面的内容可知bluejack 的意思是“_。” 四、根据同义关系推测词义 有时在生词所出现的上下文中，会出现与之同义或近义的词语或平行结构，这时可利用熟悉的词语推测生词的词义。常见的表示同义关系的词语有：like, also, in the sameway, similarly， just as 等。 例如： Early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. Often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. Peoples food supplies were similarly vulnerable. (2006 年重庆卷E 篇72 题)The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 means _? A. impossible to make sure of B. likely to be protected C. easy to damage D. difficult to find 解析：通过similarly，联系上文的“tear和“endangered”，可推测vulnerable 与破坏、毁坏有关；同时联系后缀-able，选C。 五、根据转折关系推测词义 常用来表示反义关系的词语有：yet, but, however, otherwise, despite, even though ,unlike , instead ,rather than , on the contrary 等信息词。 例如：Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station about 50miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend .I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. (2006 年全国卷 B 篇61 题) The words “took off” underlined inParagraph 2 mean _ . A. turned off B. moved off C. put up D. set up 解析：根据第一段背景可知，车开进了加油站。根据第二段but 后的动词had gone可以判断，took off 在此的意思是“_”。(1)Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented .大部分人同意，从however 一词可推知 dissent 意思为“_”。(2)Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it is hoarse .她现在的状况与过去相对比，过去她的声音是soft and sweet ,那么现在就是hoarse为_。六、根据例证关系推测词义 举例时，常用的词语有： such as, like, for example, for instance，say 等。 例如： .In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化） of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. The underlined words “tipping points”most probably refer to_ . A. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points 解析： 根据后一句such as the melting（ 融化） of the ice sheets in Greenland orWest Antarctica. 可知tipping points 的意思是“_”. （1）Many United Nations employees are polyglots, Mrs. White, for example, speaks five languages .根据for example 后面的例证不难猜出polyglots 是_（2）But, on the other hand ,we have such compound words as handshake and handbag.由such as 后面的例词handshake 和handbag可推知compound words 为“_”。七、根据生活常识推测词义例如： As in many areas, old habits diedhard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost. （2009 年天津卷A 篇37 题）What does the underlined phrase “diehard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Change suddenly. B. Change significantly. C. Disappear mysteriously. D. Disappear very slowly. (1) When you have tanks of air on your back, you can stay in deep water for a long time .根据生活常识,人只有背着“_”，才能在深水中呆很长一段时间。（2）In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husban