应用型大学英语综合教程1教案.doc

应用型大学英语综合教程1教案Unit OneBefore teachingObjectives of this unit1. Content1) Dont let anyone steal your dreams: Persevering（persevere in, at, with 坚持，不屈不饶）in your heart with your own dreams of life.2) Discussion: Our dreams of life and the way to realize them.3) A dialogue: About ones expectations.4) A welcome speech for freshmen.2. Key language points1) The modal verb will in the conditional clause.2) Hyphenated（用连字号连接的）words as pre-modifiers.3) Particles（小品词，如yes, no；虚词；不变词，如冠词、介词、连接词等；词缀，如un-，-ness）in phrasal verbs.4) The simple sentence structure.3. VocabularyBasic requirements: 65 new words.Intermediate requirements: 7 new words.Advanced requirements: 4 new words.4. Comprehensive skills1) Understanding of a passage of 560 words at the pre-intermediate（intermediate中间的，居间的）level of difficulty.2) Writing a 150-word summary of a passage of about 600 words at the pre-intermediate level of difficulty.3) Exchanging expectations about the new semester with classmates.4) Internet skills: Surfing the Internet to collect information about Harvard University.5) Research project: Giving a speech introducing a student organization.5. Functions1) Insisting on ones goal of life.2) Socializing during the freshman orientation week.3) Persuading fellow students into joining students organizations.Part 1 Language Skills Development, p. 1141. StarterA. Read the lyrics（抒情诗）of a song. Listen to the tape or the CD and sing in chorus. P.2B. Listen to a short passage entitled “My Dream” and answer the following questions. P. 31. What was Martin Luther Kings dream?Martin Luther Kings dream was to have justice for all people.2. What was Lincolns dream？Lincolns dream was to set the slaves free.3. What is the speakers dream?The speakers dream was to help those people who need help.Tapescript: My DreamDreams are the wind for our sails on the ocean. Dreams kindle a flame to illuminate our dark roads. Dreams protect our hearts. Martin Luther King had a dream it was to have justice for all people. Lincoln had a dream it was to set the slaves free. They sought their dreams and finally made them come true. I have a dream, which is to help those people who need help. There are too many wars and disasters. About 16,000 people have died in the Iraq War and one child dies every eight seconds in Africa because of starvation. I have dreams, you have dreams and they have dreams too. We should help them. We should save their lives so they can pursue their own dreams. As the lyric of a song goes, “We are the ones who make a brighter day, so lets start giving.” Well, thats my dream, a simple but meaningful dream.2. Text: Dont Let Anyone Steal Your Dreams不要让别人偷走你的梦想1. 我有个朋友叫蒙蒂罗伯兹，他在圣伊斯德罗有个牧马场。他把住宅借给我举办募捐活动，为问题青少年项目筹备基金。2. 上次我在那里时，他介绍我时这样说：“知道我为什么让杰克借用我的房子吗？”这要从一个男孩的故事说起。男孩的父亲是位巡回驯马师，经常在不同的马厩、赛马场、农场和牧场之间来回奔波。因此，男孩的中学学业经常中断。读毕业班时，有一天老师让写一篇文章，讲述长大之后的理想。3. 那晚他写了七张纸，描述他的梦想，那就是拥有一个属于自己的牧马场。他很详细地描写了他的梦想，甚至画了一张占地200英亩的马场的设计图，上面标有所有建筑物、马厩、跑道等的位置。在这个200英亩的梦想农场中他要建一个4,000平方英尺的房子，并且画了一个详细的平面图。4. 他花了好大心血把文章写完，第二天交给了老师。两天后他拿回了文章。见文章的第一页上打了一个又红又大的F，旁边还写了一行字：“下课后来见我。”5. 这个满怀梦想的男孩下课后去见了老师，问道：“您为什么给我不及格？”6. 老师说：“对你这样的一个男孩来说，这个梦想是不现实的。你没有钱。你来自一个巡回驯马师的家庭，你没有背景。拥有一个牧马场需要大量的钱，你要买地，一开始得买繁殖用的马群，以后还得付高额的配种费。你不可能做到这些。”然后老师又加了一句，“如果你愿意重新写一篇目标比较现实的作文，我会重新考虑你的分数。”7. 男孩回到家后，冥思苦想了很长时间。他问他的父亲应该怎么做。父亲说：“听着，儿子，你要自己拿主意。但这对你来说是个非常重要的决定。”8. 男孩想了整整一个礼拜，最后又把原稿一字未改地交给了老师。他告诉老师说：“您可以保留这个F，但我将保留我的梦想。”9. 说道这里，蒙蒂转向众人，说道：“我之所以告诉你们这个故事，是因为你们现在就坐在这个占地200英亩的牧马场中的4,000平方英尺的房子里。那篇作文我一直保留到现在，它就镶在壁炉上方。”他接着又说道：“下面是这个故事最为精彩的部分：两年前这位老师带领30个孩子到我的牧场来野营一周。走到时候，这位老师对我说：蒙蒂，现在我可以告诉你，当我是你的老师的时候，我可以说是专偷别人梦想的小偷。那些年我偷走了不少孩子的梦想。幸运的是，你有足够的冲劲，没有放弃你的梦想。”10. 千万别让任何人偷走你的梦想。无论发生什么，你都要坚持自己的梦想。Structure: Introduction: Para.1: Introduction to the hero of the story: Monty Roberts, who owns a horse ranch;Body: Paras. 29: Monty had a dream of owning a horse ranch, even when he was a senior in high school.Paras. 23: Monty wrote a paper to express his dream.Paras. 46: The teacher failed him and required him to rewrite the paper.Paras. 79: Monty persevered in his dream until he realized it.Conclusion: Para. 10: Dont let anyone steal your dreams. Follow your heart, no matter what.Info（= information）Box:1. Jack CanfieldAffectionately（充满深情地，出于柔情地，亲切地）known as “Americas Success Coach”, Jack studied and reported on what makes successful people different. He knows what motivates （促动，激发）them, what drives them, what inspires them. He brings this critical insight to countless audiences internationally sharing his success strategies in the media, with companies, universities and professional associations in over 20 countries around the world.Jack is a Harvard graduate with a Masters Degree in Psychological Education and one of the earliest champions of peak-performance（peak最高点，高峰，顶端；performance成绩，功绩；peak-performance最成功的地方）, developing the specific methodology（方法论，方法学，某一学科的一套方法）and result-oriented activities to help people take on greater challenges and produce breakthrough results.Hes personally taught millions of individuals his unique and modernized formulas（formula，pl., formulas或formulae，公式，程式；处方，配方）for success and has packaged them in his latest book The Success Principles: How to Get from Where You Are to Where You Want to Be. This new self-improvement standard contains 64 powerful principles of success utilized by top achievers（事业成功的人）from all walks of life（all walks of life各行各业，各界人士）and all areas of commerce. The Success Principles and the entire empire of “Principles” books, products, coaching programs and branched（分支，分叉，分门）retail merchandise is Mr. Canfields next offering to the more than 100 million readers he currently reaches worldwide.Mr. Canfields other best-selling books The Power of Focus. The Power of Focus, The Aladdin Factor and Dare to Win have generated millions of bookstore and Internet sales, and have launched complementary（补足的，补充的，互补的）products such as audio programs, video programs, corporate training programs and syndicated（syndicate，n. 辛迪加，企业联合组织；syndicate，v.把组成辛迪加，使处于联合管理之下）columns to enthusiastic corporate buyers. His audio program, Maximum Confidence, has sold more than 350,000 copies through Nightingale-Conant alone.2. Academic grading in the United StatesThe most commonly used index（索引；指标，标准，标志；指数；食指）in the U.S. educational system uses five letter grades. Historically, the grades were A, B, C, D, and F A being the highest and F denoting（denote指示，表示，意味着）failure, the lowest. In the mid-twentieth century, many American educational institutions especially in the Midwest (particularly the state of Michigan) began to use the letters A, B, C, D, and E. The only difference here is that failure is denoted by E instead of F, which is not used by these schools. By comparison, the grade E is sometimes used in Canada as a conditional failing grade. No grades awarded（授予，判给，给予）on American quality indices（index n. pl. indexes or indices indisi:z 指数）are conditional, except special grades like I（incomplete）and Y（the course on non-traditional calendar, assigned to the regular term in which the student enrolls（报名，登记，注册）in the course）.The A F (A E) quality index is typically quantified（确定或表示的数量，用数量表示）by correlation to a five-point numerical（数的，示数的；数字）scale as follows:A = 4.0B = 3.0C = 2.0D = 1.0F = 0.0Chromatic（色彩的；半音的）variants（不同的，变异的，差别的；变体，异体）, represented by + and commonly used. They are most commonly quantified as x.3 and y.7, e.g., B = 3.0, so B+ = 3.3 and B = 2.7. A few institutions use only a single mid-point between the major points on the scale; that is, they regard an A as effectively the same grade as B+. in those cases, an AB replaces the options of A and B+ and is quantified as 3.5; a BC replaces B and C+, with a value of 2.5; and a CD replaces C and D+, worth 1.5.this approach is unusual and is most notably（显著地，著名地）typified（作为的典型，代表；象征）by institutions in the state of Wisconsin.The grade A+ is novelty（新颖，新奇）in American condition. The minority of institutions that use it may quantify the grade as 4.3 or 4.5, but many of them quantify A+ as 4.0on the theory that a 4.0 scale cannot go higher than 4.0. By convention（惯例，常规）, quantitative scales are called by the highest whose number, so there is at least, conventionally no such scale based on 4.3 or 4.5, but it is still a 4.0 or 4-point scale because the fraction is ignored in naming the scale. D is also rarely found, under the assumption that anything less than D is by definition failure.American high schools and universities sometimes weigh their GPAs（平均积分点）.3. GPA（Grade Point Average（学生各科成绩的）平均积分点）Grade Point Average（GPA）is a number that represents the average of students grades during his or her time at an institution. Usually it is weighed by the number of credits given for the course.Most high schools and nearly all colleges in the United States use a four-point system. Universities in Hong Kong and Canada, as well as some schools in Singapore also use this system. Numerical（a.数的，示数的；n.数字）values（Numerical values数值）are applied to grades as follows:A = 4B = 3C = 2D = 1F = 0F/G (if given) = 1This allows grades to be easily averaged. Additionally, many schools add 0.3 for a + and subtract 0.3 for a grade. Thus, a B+ yields a 3.3 whereas an A yields 3.7. A+s, if given, are usually assigned a value of 4.0 (equivalent to an A) due to the common assumption that a 4.0 is the best possible grade-point average, although 4.3 is awarded at some institutions. In some places, 0.25 or 0.33 instead of 0.3 is added for a + grade and subtracted for a grade.4. Weighted GPASome high schools, to reflect the varying skill required for different level courses and to discourage students from selecting easy. As, will give higher numerical（数字的，用数字表示的；数值的）grades for difficult courses, often referred to as a weighted GPA. For example, two common conversion systems used in honors and advanced placement courses are: A = 5 or 4.6B = 4 or 3.5C = 3 or 2.1D = 1F = 0Another policy commonly used by 4.0-scale schools is to mimic（模仿，模拟；细致地临摹；酷似）the eleven-point weighting scale by adding a 0.33（one third of a letter grade）to an honors or advanced placement class. (For example, a B in a regular class would be a 3.0, but in an honors or AP class it would become a B+, or 3.33.)Sometimes a 5-based weighting scale is used for AP courses and a 4.6-based scale for honors courses, but often a school will choose one system and apply it universally to all advanced courses. A small number of high schools use a 5-point scale for honors courses, a 6-point scale for AP courses, and a 3-point scale for courses of below average difficulty.Language Points：1. Para. 1, lines 12: He has let me use his house to put on fund-raising events to raise money for youth at risk programs. 他把住宅借给我举办募捐活动，为问题青少年项目筹备基金。Meaning: He has allowed me to collect funds to finance social services for those young people who are in danger of going astray（astray ad.迷路，入歧途，离开正道，犯错误；go astray走入迷路，走入歧途）/ becoming juvenile（juvenile adj.青少年的；n. 青少年）delinquents(n.违法者特指少年犯罪者)（juvenile delinquents青少年犯罪分子）.put on: 1) to produce or present (an exhibition, a play, etc.)举办（展览等）；演出（戏剧等）e.g. The gallery will put on an exhibition of his latest works this weekend.本周末画廊将举办一场它近期的作品。The local drama group are putting on Macbeth at the Playhouse.当地剧团正在普赖豪斯剧院演出麦克佩斯。2) to clothe oneself with穿上，戴上e.g. Please put on your overcoat when you go to work.你去上班时穿上大衣。The fire suddenly broke out. She did not have the time to put socks on.火起得很突然，她没有来得及穿上袜子。3) to pretend to have a particular feeling, quality, way of speaking, etc.假装，伪装e.g. She used to put on an English account.她以前曾假装英国口音。fund-raising：a. relating to an organized activity or an instance of raising money for a cause or project筹募基金活动的e.g. A charity walk is a fund-raising event.慈善步行是个募集基金的活动。The fund-raising campaign was kicked off by a millionaire.一位百万富翁发起了这场捐款活动。Note that fun-raising is a hyphenated word, but the hyphen in this word is omissible, hence it can be written as fundraising. Such hyphenated expressions are abundant in the English language. If you take a quick look at the text, you will come across other such expressions: a 200-acre dream ranch（200英亩的梦想农场），4,000-square-foot house（4,000平方英尺的房子），etc.Also note that raise here means “gather together, collect (money)” 募集raise money：集资；筹款e.g. The film star lent his name to efforts to raise money to help the flood victims.这位电影明星表示愿意为募捐活动出力，以帮助洪涝灾民。We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.我们与一些本地公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。The following are some of the common meanings of the verb raise:1to move to a higher position; elevate抬起，举起；提高raise the loads with a crane用起重机把货物吊起来2to set in an upright or erect position立起来，把置于竖直或垂直的位置raise your head high抬起你的头3to erect or build建造，建立或建设raise a new building建造一幢新楼房4to grow, plant种植，栽培raise corn and soybeans种植玉米和大豆5to breed and care for to maturity饲养，繁殖并照顾到成熟raise cattle饲养家畜6to bring up; rear抚养；养育raise children抚养孩子 youth at risk programs：youth at risk refers to those young people who are not properly looked after or educated and have a tendency to commit wrongdoings such as being addicted to alcohol, drugs, and so on.The word program here means “a system of services, opportunities, or projects, usually designed to meet a social need（包含各种服务、机会或项目的制度，通常为迎合某一社会需求而制定）”e.g. Working parents rely on the centers after-school latchkey program.工作的父母都依赖这个中心在放学后帮他们照管孩子。at risk：in a situation where something unpleasant or dangerous might happen有危险，有风险e.g. If we go to war, innocent lives will be put at risk.如果我们发动战争，无辜的生命就会受到威胁。2. Para. 2, lines 24: It all goes back to a story about a young man who was the son of an itinerant horse trainer who would go from stable to stable, race track to race track, farm to farm and ranch to ranch, training horses. 这要从一个男孩的故事说起。男孩的父亲是位巡回驯马师，经常在不同的马厩、赛马场、农场和牧场之间来回奔波。who would go from stable to stable, race track to race track, farm to farm and ranch to ranch: who would go to many stables, race tracks, farms and ranchesfrom stable to stable: Note that the article before the countable noun stable is omitted. As a matter of fact, the nouns in the prepositional phrases from to do not need an article before them. For instance, from victory to victory（从胜利走向胜利）, from start to finish（从头到尾）, from cradle to grave（从生到死）, etc.race track to race track, farm to farm and ranch to ranch: Note here not only the articles before the nouns such as track, farm, or ranch have been omitted, but also the preposition from has been omitted.go back to: return to an earlier point in time or space追溯到，回到上来e.g. Whenever Grandma talks, she always likes to go back to her younger days.祖母只要一讲话，就肯定要谈到她的青年时代。Lets go back to what the chairman said earlier.让我们回到主席先前说的问题上。itinerant：a traveling from place to place, esp. to perform work or a duty巡回的，流动的e.g. Im contemplating to make an itinerant speech all over China.我正在考虑在全国范围内进行巡回演讲。There is a general debate nowadays about the problem of itinerant workers.目前，针对流动工人的问题展开了普遍的讨论。stable: n. C a farm building for housing horses or other livestock马厩，马棚e.g. Who opened the stable door?谁把马厩的门打开了？track: n.1) C a course laid out for running or racing跑道e.g. He runs around the track every morning.他每天清晨绕着跑道跑步。How did you like this track?你觉得这条赛道怎么样？2) C, usu. pl. a line or series of marks left by a moving vehicle, person, animal, etc.踪迹，足迹，痕迹e.g. We followed his tracks in the snow to a hut.我们沿着他在雪地上留下的足迹走到了一间小屋。3) C a path or rough road, esp. one made by people walking there路，小径e.g. We reached the temple through an unfrequented mountain track. 我们沿着一条人迹罕至的山路达到了寺庙。 v.t. to follow the marks, signs, etc. of somebody or something跟在的足迹后；跟踪e.g. The hunters tracked game through the forest.猎人们穿过森林追踪猎物。The police tracked the criminal to his hiding place.警察追踪罪犯到他的藏身之处。3. Para. 3, lines 23: He wrote about his dream in great detail and even drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch, showing the location of all the buildings, the stables and the track.他很详细地描写了他的梦想，甚至画了一张占地200英亩的马场的设计图，上面标有所有建筑物、马厩、跑道等的位置。请注意：年轻的主人翁在作文里并没有说自己的理想是做蜘蛛侠或奥特曼等，而只是梦想做个牧马场场主，还配上自己精心绘制的设计图。这是值得赞赏的人生追求呢，还是不切实际的空谈？且看他的老师作何评判。in detail：thoroughly (including all important particulars)e.g. He described the robbery in detail to us.他向我们详细地描述了那起抢劫事件。Well discuss the problem later in detail.我们以后再详细讨论这个问题。cf. (Para. 3, line 3:) for the adjective detailed.diagram: n. C a simple drawing or plan that shows exactly where something is, what something looks like, or how something works图解，图表 e.g. He pointed at the diagram to illustrate his point.他指着图表来阐述他的论点。acre: n. C a unit of area used in English-speaking countries (equal to 43,560 square feet or equal to 6.070 mu)英亩e.g. The house has half an acre of lawn.这座房屋有半英亩的草坪。Location：n.1) C the position of something地点，位置，定位 e.g. He indicated the location of the Persian Gulf with a pen on the map.他用笔在地图上标出了波斯湾的位置。2) U the act of finding the position of somebody or something发现，找出某人（某物）的位置或地点e.g. We are responsible for the location of the missing yacht.我们负责查明失踪游艇的下落。4. Para. 4, line 1: He put a great deal of his heart into the project and the next day he handed it in to his teacher.他花了好大心血把文章写完，第二天交给了老师。Meaning：He devoted nearly all of his energies to the assignment and the next day he submitted it to his teacher.put ones heart into:全心全意投入，热心于e.g. He put his whole heart into thinking up ways to improve his work.他整个心思都在想办法改进工作。Tom has put his heart into passing his examinations.汤姆一心一意想通过考试。Note that heart is not used in the physiological（生理学的，生理的）or anatomical（解剖学的，解剖的；结构上的）meaning, but in its connotational（含有内涵意义的，有隐