高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题08 形容词性从句.doc

2013年高考英语 易错点点睛与高考突破 专题08 形容词性从句【2013高考预测】1.正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法2.对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查介词是用which还是用whom；介词如何确定3.关系代词as的用法4.介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句考查重点5.非限制性定语从句(特别是先行词是整个主句时)，由whose，where，when，that，as引导的定语从句是命题的热点.【难点突破】一、形容词的位置3成对的形容词可以后置。there was a huge room, simple and beautiful.有一个大房间，简单而美丽。4当“形容词不定式”构成的短语作定语时，需后置。a man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.一个如此难以取悦的人一定很难共事。5当old, long, high, wide, deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时，需后置。at that time she was only a girl five years old.那时，她只是一个5岁的小女孩。7表语形容词表语形容词(如：afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive，alike, ashamed, afloat, well, sorry, unable, worth, sure)并非只能作表语，它们还可以作补足语，有的还可以作后置定语(一般不作前置定语)。she was the only person awake that night.她是那天晚上唯一醒着的人。例1、(2012天津卷)the dog may be a good companion for the old. _，the need to take it for walks may be a disadvantage.a besides bhowever ctherefore dinstead答案：b解析：狗可跟老人做伴，但遛狗也是麻烦事，逻辑转折，故选b。例2、(2012四川卷)i make 2，000 a week. 60 surely wont make _difference to me.athat a big ba that big cbig a that dthat big a答案：d解析：that相当于so，作程度副词。例3、句型转换 it was a hard job. he took it, though._it was a hard job, he took it.it was a hard job. _，he took it.hard _the job was, he took it.he left home two weeks ago and we havent heard from him ever since.we havent heard from him _he left home two weeks ago.答案：though/although；however；as/thoughsince例4、单项填空(2012四川卷)the hotel is almost finished, but it _needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests.aonly balso ceven dstill(2011江西卷)the house was too expensive and too big. _，id grown fond of our little rented house.abesides btherefore csomehow dotherwise答案：a解析：句意：这个房子太贵、太大了，此外我已经越来越喜欢我们租的小屋了。本题考查副词辨析。besides此外；therefore因此；somehow不知怎么地；otherwise否则。前句“房子又贵、又大”以及后句“我对出租屋的感情越来越深”都是我们不买这个房子的原因。故答案为a。(2011全国卷)it is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is _another to play it well yourself.aquite bvery crather dmuch(2011安徽卷)_，i managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.ahopefully bnormally cthankfully dconveniently(2010辽宁卷)jim went to answer the phone. _， harry started to prepare lunch.ahowever bnevertheless cbesides dmeanwhile(2009安徽卷)do you think its a good idea to make friends with your students?_， i do. i think its a great idea.areally bobviously cactually dgenerally(广东卷)sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _much to do.asuch bthat cmore dvery答案：b解析：修饰much要用that。that作副词的意思是“那样”，相当于so，that much那么多。(北京春季卷)i was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.you can never be _careful in the street.amuch bvery cso dtoo【易错点点睛】 易错点点睛 1 正确区分关系代词与关系副词的用法1.i walked in our garden, tom and jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.a. which b. when c. where d. that2. the famous basketball star, _tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. a. where b. when c. which d. who【错误解答】 c【错解分析】 考生认为“that不可引导非限制性定语从句，那就只填which了”。做定语从句时，考生应分析该定语从句缺什么成分，再看先行词，然后确定是填关系代词还是关系副词；本题是道非限制性定语从句题，而且该从句中很明显缺主语，故a、b不行，c项which指代物，不能指代人，故选d。【正确解答】 d3. i can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of english words and ex pressions but couldnt write a good essay. a. why b. which c. as d. where5. her sister has become a lawyer,_ she wanted to be. a. who b. that c. what d. which【特别提醒】1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用， 修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:(1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当一定的成分。3.解题要领:根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地点名词就用where。4.当先行词指物时，许多情况下既可以用关系代词which，也可以用关系代词that，但在下列情况下，只能使用关系代词that。 (1)当先行词是不定代词all，much，little，someting，everything，anything，nothing，none，the one时。例如:do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?you should hand in all that you have.(2)当先行词前面有only，any，few，little，no， all，very等词修饰时。例如:this is the very book that im looking for.the only thing that we can do is to give you some money.(3)当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。例如:this is the best that has heen wsed against pollution.this is the most interesting film that ive ever seen.(4)当先行词是序数词或它前有一个序数词时，例如this train is the last that will go to huangzhou.what is the first anerican film that you have seen?(5)当先行词既人又有物时，例如:do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(6)当主句的主语是疑句词who或which时。例如:which is the bike that you lost?who is the boy that won the gold medal?(7)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词正用which，另外一个空用that。例如: they secretly buit up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution.【变式探究】1 after living in paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.a. which b. where c. that d. when答案: b解析:定语从句缺地点状语。2 i never forget the days _ we spent together.a. that b. when c. whose d. what答案: a解析:that在定语从句中作“spent”的宾语。3 have you seen the film“titanic” ,_ leading actor is world famous?a. its b. its c. whose d. which答案: c解析:whose作定语从句中主语的定语。易错点点睛 2 对介词后接关系代词而不接关系副词的考查；介词是用which还是用whom；介词如何确定1why does she always ask you for help?there is no one else ,is there?a. who to turn to b. she can turn to c. for whom to turn d. for her to turn3. alec asked the policeman _ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident. a. with him b. who c. with whom d. whom5.i have many friend, _ some are business.a. of them b. from which c. who of d. of whom【错误解答】 a或b【错解分析】 先行词是many friends，some of whom， whom是关系，代词，指代朋友们，与介词一起移至先行词后面。【正确解答】 d【特别提醒】“介词+关系代词”引导的定词从句是定词从句中较复杂的一种，一般多用于上式文件中。此类定语从句的关系代词主要有which， whom，whose。它们既可引导限制性定语从句，又可引导非限制性 定语从句。学习这种定语从句时主注意以下几种情况:一、注意介词的先取。在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据以下几点:1.根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。例如: who is the man with whom you just shook hands?the two things about which karl marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms.2.根据定语从句意思的需要，此时前后搭配都要注意。例如:he had a bad cold,because of which he didnt attend the meeting.the speed at which the car runs depends on the road condition. 3.根据意思可用复杂介词，如by meansof，asa result of，in front of，in the back of，a11 of，most of等，例如:the instrument by means of which the temperature is measured is called thermometer.there are forty students in the classroom, all of whom ae working hard at a problem in maths.二、注意关系代词的选取。在“介词 + 关系代词”引导的空语从句中，如果，关系代词指事物就用 which;如果指人则用whom;若表示“”的则用 whose.例如: this is the classroom in which we studided last year he lives in a house, whose door opens to then north.三、注意“介词 + where”引导的定语从句。有时有阅读过程中我们会碰到“介词 + where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意义上加以区别。例如:they stood on the top of the building, from where they could see the whole city. ( from where 相当于) from the top of the building, 而不是 from the building) 【变式探究】1 in the dark street, there wasnt a person she could turn for help.a. that b. who c. from whom d. to whom答案: d解析:turn to sb for help.2 this is the book _ i paid ten yuan. a. for which b. for that c. which d. off which答案: a解析:pay + 钱数 + for sth.3 this is the factory _ i work. a. in which b. that c. which d. when5 the teacher discussed with jim,_ problems was poor study habits.a. one of which b. one of whose c. whose d. which答案: d解析:根据句意是那个学生的问题之一。易错点点睛 3 关系代词as的用法1. has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month. a. that b. as c. it d. what 2. the word “write ”has the same pronunciation _ the word “right” a. of b. as c. to d. from【错误解答】 c【错解分析】 考生不明白此题在考查as引导的限制性定语从句用法。as引导的限制性定语从句既可指人又可指物，它只能替代由sach，the same等修饰的先行词，故选b。【正确解答】 b【特别提醒】关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。1.as引导限制性定语从句时，一般用于下列句式:其中关系代词as在从句中可担当主语、宾语或表语。例如:we have found such materials as are used in their factory. (作主语)such people as you describle are thought to be fools nowadys. (作宾语)he is not the same man as he was. (作表语)(2).such as .这里such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as在从句中担任成分，修饰先行词such。例如:he turned out to be very successful,which was more than we could expect. as is known to all, edison invented the telephone.2.as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主语之后。相同的是两者都可代指主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。例如:he turned out to be very successful,which was more than we could expect.as is known to all, edison invented the telephone.【变式探究】1 that passenger was very impolite to the conductor,_ of course, made things even worse.a. who b. whom c. what d. which答案: d解析:which引导的非限制性定语从句。2 this book is very interesting. where did you buy it? i will buy the same book _ you have bought.a. which b. as c. that d. what答案: b解析:the same as3 _ we all know,taiwan is part of china.a. as b. which c. what d. that2 there are two buildings, stands nearly a hundred feet high.a. the larger b. the larger of them c. the larger one that d. the larger of which答案: d解析:“介+关系代词”引导的定词从句。3 i work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.a. how b. which c. where d. that答案: c解析:where引导的定语从句，在从句中做地点状语。4 helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, , of course, made the others envy him.a. who b. that c. what d. which答案: d解析:which引导非限制性定语从句，作主语。5 is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.a. it b. as c. that d. what7 american women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.a. who b. as c. about which d. with whom答案: d解析:“talk with sb”，故用with whom引导。8 the english play _ my students acted at the new years party was a great success.a. for which b. at which c. in which d. on which答案: c解析:act in the engish play，故用in which引导。9 luckily,wed brought a road map without _ we would have lost our way.a. it b. that c. this d. which答案: d解析:without a road map，故用without which引导。10 a fast food restaurant is the place ,just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.a. which b. where c. there d. what答案: b解析:关系副词where作地点状语。14 we will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, other visitors seldom go.a. what b. which c. where d. when 答案: c解析:关系副词where作地点状语。15 the film brought the hours back to me _ i was taken good care of in that far-away village.a. until b. that c. when d. where答案: c解析:关系副词when作时间状语。16 _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.a. it b. as c. that d. what答案: b解析:as引导的非限制性定语从句。19 it was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, for the first time in years their team won the world up.a. that b. while c. which d. when答案: d解析:关系副词when作时间状语。20 the news _ is spreading around the airport is _ a heavy storm is coming.a. what,/ b. that; that c. /; that d. that; which答案: b解析:关系代词that充当从句的主语不可省略。21 the mystery _ has puzzled a lot of people is sill unsolved.a. which b. what c. whom d. who 答案: a解析:which作定语从句的主语，先行词为mystery.22 xiao wang works for a factory _ makes com puters.a. where b. what c. which d. in which 答案: c解析:which作定语从句的主语，先行词为mystery.26 the model driver is looking for a lady _ purse was left in the car this morning.a. who b. whose c. that d. which答案: b解析:本定语从句缺关系代词whose修饰purse.27 the reason he did not attend was that hewas ill.a. what b. which c. why d. for答案: c解析:从句中缺表原因的关系副词故用why引导。28 some people dont know who can mend such a lamp _ has gone wrong.a. that b. which c. / d. as 答案: d解析:shchas.29 the golden rule about anything _ works by electricity is to switch off before you touch anything and dont pretend you know when you dont.a. which b. / c. what d. that 31 this company, offered life insurance, collected small sums of money regularly from many different men.a. that b. which c. who d. this答案: b解析:本从句缺主语，先行词为company，that不可引导。32 the food _ we eat seems to have a great effect on our health.a. / b. whose c. what d. when34 yehudi menuhin is a violinist _ playing is known all over the world.a. who b. his c. whose d. /答案: c解析:关系代词whose修饰playing.35 sometimes there is an answer sheet letters or numbers are printed.a. which b. on which c. that d./38 hobbies also offer interesting activities retired.the fourgoes for persons a. who has b. that has c. who have d. have 答案: c解析:本句关系代词作主词并且缺部分谓语，先行词为复数。those _ developed hobbies never need to worry about what to do with their leisure hours.a. that has b. that have c. whom d. who have 答案: d解析:those who.，谓词用复数。40 some of the things _are stamps and dolls.a. that b. which c. whose d. who答案: a解析:先行词为some，根据规定用that41 we looked back over all _ happened during the past year, to ourselves, to our city and to the world. a. which has b. that have c. that has d. which have 答案: c解析:先行词为all(指物)，引导词为that，谓语用 单数。44 most of the jokes _ told by comedians are soon forgotten.which was b.that was c. were d.that were答案: d解析:先行词为复数名词jokes.45 they are not as perment the saying ot wise peopleo are. ones.a. as b. which c. that d./答案: a解析:as.as.46 the most important roads paved with large stones. a. are b.is c.that are d.which are答案: c解析:先行词被最高级修饰，且先行词为复数故用“that are.”47 i dont know the reason your idea. a. which b. as c.when d.why答案: c解析:关系副词why表原因。48 the earth is a huge hall,70%of covered with water. a. which is b. that was c. that is d. that were 答案: a.完型填空 in the water around new york city isa very small island 51 liberty island. on liberty island there is a very spe- cial 52 called the statue of liberty. it is one of the 53 famous sights in the world. 54 statue of liberty was a gift 55 the people of france to the people of the passageed states. the statue was made 56 a french sculptor named frederic auguste bartholdi. the inner support 57 was designed by gustave eiffel,the same man 58 made the famous eiffel tower in 59.liberty, of course, 60 freedom, and the statue of liberty was given to the passageed states to 61 the one 62 anniversary of us independence form 63 . the statue was built in france, taken 64 piece by piece and then 65 in the passageed states. it was opened for 66_ public on october 28,1886.67 you might expect, the statue is very big. visitors can ride an elevator from the