2017中考语法专项形容词副词.doc

初四英语语法专项形容词、副词一 .定义：用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。二. 形容词的作用，见下表：作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如：Dont wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man is alone.形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。Youd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是： 1）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状 6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。形容词短语做定语时要后置。They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？三以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 Her singing was lovely. He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。 The Times is a weekly paper. 时代周刊为周刊。 The Times is published weekly. 时代周刊每周发行一期。 副词一. 定义: 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。二. 副词的位置 : 1） 在实义动词之前。 2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。 注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。例如： We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们清楚地看到前面有奇怪的光。 b. 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。例如： He speaks English well. 他英语说得好。 形容词和副词的辨析一 形容词变副词的规律a. 一般的形容词在结尾加ly变为副词。例如：careful-carefullyb. 以元音加e结尾的单词要去e在加ly。例如：true-trulyc. 辅音加y结尾的单词去y变i在加ly。例如：angry-angrilyd. 单音节y结尾直接加ly。例如：shy-shylye. 以le结尾的单词直接将e变为y。例如：terrible-terriblyf. 形容词、副词同形：hard, fast, friendly, late, early, lovely, long。这部分请同学们注意，其中很多单词加ly之后就变成其他意思的单词了。例如：hardly就变成“几乎不”的意思，是小学阶段五大隐形否定词（few，little, never, seldom, hardly）之一。二 形容词副词比较级的写法：三 形容词和副词的比较级1. 比较级的范围:一般为两者或两个部分进行比较。例如：Im taller than you. Group One did better than Group Two.2. 比较级的结构：结构上比较级有三个明显的标志。than：一a little, much, a lot, even, as+形容词或副词原形+as：译为像一样。四 形容词和副词的最高级1 最高级的结构：结构上比较级有两个明显的标志。the：一般用the限定最高级的范围，也可以说，现阶段the就是最高级的主要标志。最高级后面往往用of或in介词短语来表示形容词的最高级的比较范围。He is the strongest of the three.他是三个人中身体最强壮的。He is the strongest in our class.他是我们班里身体最强壮的。基础知识练习（形容词和副词）A卷选择填空：1.Peter looked _ when he learned that he hadnt passed the final exam.A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy2.Jack did badly at the school sports meeting. I did even _. A, worse B, worst C, more bad D, more badly3.Billy, is your mother cooking meat in the kitchen? It smells so _!A, well B, badly C, nice D, pretty4.The car stopped so _ that the bus behind almost ran into it.A, closely B, immediately C, suddenly D, soon5.We must finish cleaning the office _.A, as soon as possible B, as quickly as soon C, as possible as soon D, as soon as possibly6.What she said this time sounds _.A, pleasantly B, nicely C, friendly D, truly7.I didnt work _ my brother when I was young.A, as hard as B, harder C, hardest D, hardly8.Im going to move _. Its too noisy in our neighbourhood.A, somewhere quiet B, quiet somewhere C, anywhere D, quiet anywhere9.Last year, 15 typhoons (台风) hit China and Khanun was _.A, strong B, strongest C, stronger D, the strongest10.Its a good habit to keep the classroom _ all the time.A, cleanly B, clearly C, clear D, clean11.When class was over, our maths teacher came into the classroom and said, “Please stay at your seat. I have got _ to announce.”A, nothing important B, important something C, important nothing D, something important12.In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll make.A, less careful, fewer B, more careful, less C, less careful, few D, more careful, fewer13.What is _ joke you have ever heard?A, more funny B, the more funny C, the most funny D, the funniest14.This kind of material feels _ silk.A, differently from B, the same to C, different as D, different from15.A recent survey showed that Jingjing and Huanhuan were _ among the five Olympic mascots (吉祥物).A, popular B, more popular C, most popular D, the most popular词性变换：1.I dont like him and it would be _ of me to do the opposite. (honest)2.Our holidays in Thailand were really _ and unforgettable. (enjoy)3.The government is doing everything possible to help those _ people after the earthquake. (home)4.Put on the glasses so that you can see the word on the blackboard _. (clear)5.The war made millions of people _. (home)6.What is the most _ animal in the forest? (power)7.It is _ to travel by train than by air. (cheap)8.It is _ for him to finish the job in two hours. He is so slow. (possible)9._, over 28,000 civilians (平民) lost their lives during the three-year war in Iraq. (sad)10.I feel quite comfortable at home when it is raining _ outside. (heavy)11.Jack is such a _ fellow, for he always leaves this or that at the office. (forget)12.It is not _ to eat food with Sudan I (苏丹红1号). (safely)13.Lily is _ enough to get the prize in the 2006 Shanghai Junior High School English Contest. (luck)14.Wed better drive our cars _ on rainy days. (slow)15.One starry night, when the seven little dwarfs went back home from work, they found something _ at once. (usual)B卷1.Im shortsighted and I cant see the words on the notice board _.A, clear B, clearly C, carefully D, good2.Jean works hard but she doesnt work _ Mary.A, as harder than B, as hard than C, as harder as D, as hard as3.This is _ book in our library.A, the most interesting B, most interesting C, the more interesting D, more interesting4.Do you think maths is _ important than English?A, very B, as C, more D, quite5.They got a Christmas tree and it was _ ours.A, so tall as B, so taller as C, as tall as D, as taller as6.Tom failed in the exam. He looked _.A, happy B, sadly C, upset D, lovely7.A taxi doesnt run as _ as an underground train.A, fast B, faster C, fastest D, more fast8.Yangpu Bridge is one of _ in the world.A, bigger bridge B, the biggest bridge C, the biggest bridges D, bigger bridges9.”Ive got an A for my history,” Judy said _.A, sadly B, sad C, happily D, happy10.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is _ one of all the movie songs.A, the most beautiful B, most beautiful C, a beautiful D, much more beautiful11.The little baby looks _.A, lovely B, carefully C, heavily D, sadly12.Her cousin can draw _ an artist.A, as well as B, not so well as C, as better as D, as good as13.Jinmao Tower is _ building in Shanghai.A, high B, tall C, highest D, the tallest14.30,000 dollars is a large amount of money, but its _ than we need.A, far more B, very much C, far less D, very little15.Mr Smith thought the Century Park was the second _ in Shanghai.A, large B, larger C, largest D, very large词性变换：1.On hearing the great news that Beijing has won the birds of 2008 Olympic Games, The crowds at Tian An Men Square began to cheer _. (excite)2.Never give your name, address, telephone number, e-mail address or pictures to a _ in online chat. (strange)3.I havent seen you for a long time. You look much _ (health)4.Mum has bought a lot of _ food from the supermarket nearby. (freeze)5.I wont do business with such a(n) _ man. (honest)6.The man was still _ when he was sent to the hospital. (life)7.He went to Canada several years ago. Now he is a _ citizen. (Canada)8.Drinking too much fruit juice can be _ to childrens teeth. (harm)9.We have very _ weather here, especially in the winter. (change)10.The test was so difficult that half of the class made _ marks than usual. (bad)11.A lot of young students from different countries go to France for their _ study. (far)12.We should save _ expenses. (necessary)13.Some parents choose _ presents for their children. (education)14.In addition, E-mail can provide (提供) information _. (automatic)15.Travelling by train is much cheaper and far more _ than a trip by air. (enjoy)C卷1.The turcky tastes _ the chicken.A, as better as B, much better than C, as well as D, the best to2.I like Chinese because it sounds _.A, wonder B, wondering C, wonderful D, wonderfully3.E-mailing is much _ than long distance calling.A, cheap B, cheaper C, cheapest D, the cheapest4.Your advice sounds _. Well all take your advice.A, well B, carefully C, wonderful D, correctly5.Nick didnt do very _ in the final exam, but his scores are _ than last yearsA, good, better B, bad, worse C, well, worse D, well, better6.The sand-storm from the north yesterday seemed to become _ in recent years.A, bad B, badly C, the worse D, worse7.The leading actor felt _ when he saw a lot of people cheering him. A, happy B, happily C, angrily D, lovely8.If you decide on the date to leave Shanghai, please tell me _ possible.A, as fast as B, as quickly as C, as swiftly as D, as soon as9.The price of the flats in the housing estates (住宅区) located in the center of Shanghai must be very _.A, big B, huge C, high D, expensive10.People prefer to send e-mail than to post letters because e-mail are much _ than letters.A, fast and convenient B, faster and convenientC, fast and more convenient D, faster and more convenient词性变换：1.They were _ in my culture and they asked me a lot of questions. (interest)2.It is _ to teach a man to fish than to give him fish. (good)3.If you are _ of confidence, youll be happy all the time. (fill)4.We are sure that China can hold the Olympic Games in 2008 _. (succeed)5.What a _ day it is today! Shall we have a picnic on the beach? (sun)6.The doctor told me to take _ training for at least 30 minutes every day. (physics)7.”Why are the birdies (小鸟) in the nest all looking at their mother _?” asked little Joe. (hungry)8.The doctor said there was no _ cure (治疗方法) for Aids at present. (certainly)9.Many students go abroad to _ their studies. (far)10.Please close the windows. It is raining _. (heavy)11.I was very _ to believe him and lend him the money. (fool)12.The serious earthquake left thousands of people _. (home)13.The old man looks _ though he is over 80. (health)14.The weather in Shanghai is quite _ this year. (change)15.Its really exciting that Shengzhou VI landed _ at last. (safe)D卷1.Your idea sounds much _ than his.A, interesting B, interested C, more interesting D, more interested2.In my opinion, Tim doesnt write English _his sister.A, as clear as B, so clear as C, more clearly as D, as clearly as3.Simon is a fast runner. John runs even faster. But Liu Xiang runs _.A, faster B, a bit faster C, fast D, fastest4.Shanghai is my hometown. It is one of _ in China.A, the biggest city B, the biggest cities C, a biggest city D, the big city5.Their English songs sounded _. I think they must get the first prize.A, well B, wonderful C, sweetly D, wonderfully6.It is _ to work out this maths problem. You neednt ask others.A, very easily B, easy enough C, enough easily D, enough easy7.I dont like buying clothes. I like to spend money collecting stamps _.A, too B, either C, also D, instead8.I ran _ than Maria in the 400-metre race.A, much fast B, more fast C, much faster D, more faster9.Simon is a fast runner. John runs even faster. But Liu Xiang runs _.A, faster B, the fastest C, fast D, fastest10.Mary used to be the tallest girl in Class Two. But now Alice is _ than Mary.A, tall B, taller C, tallest D, the tallest词性变换：1.Im afraid that I cant afford (负担) such an _ cell phone. (expense)2.Dogs can help blind p