中考英语句子成分与五大基本句型.doc

英语句子成分与五大基本句型 适用学科英语适用年级初三适用区域全国课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点英语句子成分与五大基本句型教学目标知识：英语句子成分与五大基本句型方法：简明扼要的讲解，并配套经典习题的练习能力：提升对英语句子成分与五大基本句型的熟练程度教学重点英语句子成分与五大基本句型教学难点掌握规律，正确做题教学过程一、 课堂导入英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。二、复习预习复习上一单元的知识点之后，以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目，再老师没有讲解的情况下，让学生独立思考，给出答案与解释，促进学生发现问题，同时老师也能发现学生的盲点，并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。3、 知识讲解知识点1：英语句子成分与五大基本句型1【考查点】英语句子成分句子成分包括：主语，谓语，宾语, 表语，定语，状语, 补足语，同位语，插入语等。一主语名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、wh-+动词不定式、从句都可以作主语。1. Our English teacher is very kind.2. He is a good boy.3. Teaching them English is her job.二、宾语名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式、wh+动词不定式、从句都可以作宾语。宾语包括及物动词宾语和介词宾语。1) I dont know the man over there.2) Our teacher will help us to solve these problems.3) Do you enjoy watching the movie? 4) He wants to be an engineer. 直接宾语(sth)和间接宾语(sb)1. He passed me a bottle of salt. = He passed a bottle of salt to me.2. He promised his teacher to help us.(对比) He asked his teacher to help him.三表语名词、形容词、表示方向或地点的副词、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、wh+动词不定式、介词短语、从句都可以作表语。1) He isnt a teacher.2) John is tall.3) Are they in?4) His full-time job is selling newspapers.(对比) He is selling newspapers now.5) The cup is broken.(对比) The cup was broken by the cat last night.6) He was to leave when the phone rang.7) The question is when and where to go for picnic.8) The children are in the reading-room now.9) The question is when and where we will go for a picnic.四定语定语可分为：前置定语和后置定语。名词、形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、(单个)动词ing形式、(单个)过去分词常作前置定语。 1) The farmers are planting apple trees.2）The tall boy is Toms elder brother.3) The dancing hall is being repaired now.4) The broken cup isnt mine.5) The sleeping girl is my younger sister.else 常作后置定语。1) Mum, is there anything else for me to do?2) What else did you say at the last meeting?3) Who else went there with you last night?4) Where else have you been besides Shanghai?形容词修饰 something, anything, nothing, everything 等词常作后置定语。1) A: Anything else to buy besides meat? B: Nothing else. Thank you, Jack.2) A: Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper? B: Yes. Look! And here is something important.形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式、动词ing短语、动词过去分词短语、定语从语等都常作后置定语。1) The boy full of bravery rushed into the burning house and carried an old lady out.2) Do you know the man with a blue hat on his head?3) Today there is a little homework to do.（比较）Jack is always the first student to arrive.4) The building being built next to the park is a museum.5) I cant recognize the bike stolen two weeks ago.6) The man whose son is a soldier lives here.注意 enough 和 nearby1) I havent got enough money. I cant afford it.2) We have money enough to afford the tickets.3) If you are in trouble, ask a policeman nearby for help.= If you are in trouble, ask a nearby policeman for help.五状语 1. 原因状语1) Tom didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill / because of his illness.2) Having finished my homework, I went out to play football.3) Since all of us are here, lets begin our meeting. 4) As it was late, I made haste to go.2. 时间状语1) They will be there at 8:00 a.m. Tomorrow2) The train had left before we got to the railway station.3) It was then that I recognize him at the airport.4) Only when she entered her house, did she find everything stolen.3. 地点状语1) They wanted to go there for help2) My father works in this factory.3) We, young people, should go where there are a lot of difficulties.4. 方式状语1) I will go to visit the museum by bike this Sunday.2) A: How did you get to the mountain? B: On Foot.3) He looked at me strangely.4) The children came into the classroom, singing and laughing.5. 条件状语真实条件1) If it rains tomorrow, we wont go out for a picnic.2) I wont come unless I am invited.= I wont come if not invited.3) You will go out so long as you promise to come back before 10 oclock tonight.(注意) I dont know if he is in the lab now.虚拟条件1) If I were you, I wouldnt say that.2) He would see my uncle if he stayed here now.3) You would have met the famous professor if you had attended the meeting= Had you attended the meeting, you would have met the famous professor.6. 结果状语1) He is so kind that all the children here like him very much.2) John got up so early that he caught the first bus this morning.7. 目的状语1) He started at 6:00 a.m. in order that he could arrive there in time.= He started at 6:00 a.m. in order to arrive there in time.= He started at 6:00 a.m. so that he could arrive there in time.= He started at 6:00 a.m. so as to arrive there in time.= In order to arrive there in time, he started at 6:00 a.m.8. 让步状语1) Although he is young, he knows a lot.= Young as he is, he knows a lot.9. 比较状语 I. 同级比较1) He is as tall as I.2) This river is twice as long as that one.II. 比较级 1) Bob is taller than Tom.2) He ran much faster than his classmate, Jack.10. 程度状语1) He works very hard.2) It is quite hot today.3) This dictionary is very helpful.六补足语补足语可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语名词、形容词、表示方向地点的副词、动词的现在分词、动词的过去分词、动词不定式、介词短语等都可以作补足语1) We all made Jack monitor at the last class meeting. Jack was made monitor at the last class meeting.七同位语和插入语： Our English teacher, Mr. Wang, is very strict with us. What do you think cause the global warming?2【考查点】五 大 基 本 句 型1.主语 谓语(这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词)这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如： The students work very hard. The accident happened yesterday evening.2. 主语 系动词 表语 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类： (1)表示状态的连系动词：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等。Several players lay flat on the playground. This kind of food tastes terrible. (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. Dont have the food. It has gone bad. The facts prove true.3. 主语 谓语 宾语这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。如： You can put the books in your bag. Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage. 4.主语谓语 间接宾语直接宾语这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如： Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present. The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1) 动词 宾语to sb.； 2) 动词 宾语 for sb如： Please show me your picture. Please show your picture to me. Ill offer you a good chance as long as you dont lose heart. Ill offer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose heart. 5.主语谓语宾语补语这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： He painted the wall white. His mother told him not to play on the street. 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如： The boss made him do the work all day. He was made to work all day by the boss. 四、例题精析 划分下列句子成分【例题1】 To catch the train ,I got up early yesterday.【答案】To catch the train ,（目的状语)I（主语) got up （谓语)early yesterday （时间状语)【解析】主语：表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物；谓语：说明主语是什么，做什么或怎么样；表语：说明主语是说明或怎么样；宾语:表示动作、行为的对象；定语：用来修饰名词或代词；状语：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。【例题2】 They are working on the farm now.