新目标人教版八年级英语下_语法讲解.doc

新目标人教版八年级英语下_语法讲解清华大学英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果结合新目标人教版八年级英语下册Unit4谈谈直接引语和间接引语山东省东营市利津县汀罗镇第一中学 张树梓 邮编2574521 首先同学们先从概念上理解直接引语和间接引语： 直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语前后加引号，间接引语不必加。现用课本中的句子解释如下：直接引语：Marcia said, “She is having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.”Lana said, “Im mad at Marcia.”间接引语：Marcia said that she was having a surprise party for Lana on Friday night.Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.2. 变直接引语为间接引语的方法：（1）直接引语的主语是第一人称，改为间接引语后要根据意思改变人称，如：Lana said, “Im mad at Marcia.”Lana said that she was mad at Marcia.注：若直接引语为陈述句，改为间接引语时，可以把that 省略。（2）若主语谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语要调整时态。列表如下：直接引语间接引语现在时过去时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变将来进行时过去将来进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去时过去完成时将来时过去将来时将来完成时过去将来完成时通过上表，同学们可以了解Grammar Focus中直接引语与间接引语的变化方式了，如下：Direct speechReported speechI am mad at Marcia.She said she was mad at Marcia. I am having a party for Lana.She said she was having a party for Lana.I go to the beach every Saturday.He said he went to the beach every Saturday.I will call you tomorrow.He told me he would call me tomorrow the next day.I can speak three languages.She said she could speak three languages.注：若直接引语部分是一种客观事实时，时态不变，如：The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.该为间接引语：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.(3) 直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。列表如下：直接引语间接引语指示代词this thesethat those时间状语nowtodaytonight this weekyesterdaylast weekthree days ago tomorrownext weekthenthat day that nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next daythe next week地点状语herethere动词comego(4) 若直接引语为一般疑问句（即倒装语序，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要用连词if或whether。如本单元Selfcheck部分中的第二题中的“She asked me if she could copy my homework.”就是由直接引语“She asked me, can I copy your homework?”变化而来。同时，如下句：She asked her mum, “Can I go with you?”She asked her mum if she could go with her.以上是结合本单元对直接引语与间接引语的变化做了简单的介绍，同学们，你学会了么？做一下下面的题来自我检测一下吧！ 把下列的直接引语改为间接引语：1 He said, “Did you see him yesterday?”2 He said, “The moon moves around the sun.”3 She said, “ Im coming this afternoon”.4 He said, “ I like it very much.”5 She said, “ I have seen the film. It is good.”6 Emily said, “Shall I do that?”7 The waiter asked, “Is there anything else I can do?”8 John asked, “ Do you understand?”9 He asked, “Are you a teacher or a student?”10 He said , “I dont smoke.”参考答案：1 He asked if I had seen him the day before.2 He said that the moon moves around the sun.3 She said that she was going that afternoon.4 He said that he liked it very much.5 She said she had seen the film and it was good.6 Emily asked if she should do that.7 The waiter asked if there was something else he could do.8 John asked if I understood.9 He asked if I was a teacher or a student.10 He said that he didnt smoke.清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果Unit1 练习根据首字母和句意填入适当的单词1.She is from Japan. She can speak J_. 2.Mrs Brown is from Canada. She can speak English and F_.3.What l _ does your pen pal speak? 4. Sydney is in A _.5.My brother l _ in Canada. 6. Her favorite city is P_.7.-Are you from the U _ K _ ? - No, Im from the U_ S_.8.-Where is Shanghai? - Its in C _.用所给单词的正确形式填空1._ (Japan) speak English and French. 2. _ ( Japanese) is near China.3.They are _ (China) teachers. 4. I want _ (make)friends in China.5.People from different _ (country) are all friends.6.We think _ (Australian) is an English-speaking country, too.根据提示写出正确的单词1.My friend is a _ (日本人). 2. How many _ (语言) can you speak?3.Our _ (世界) is very big. 4. He is from _ (澳大利亚).5.Julies pen pal _ (住) in Beijing. 6. New York is a city of the United S _. 7.He lives in Toronto, C _. 8. W _ are the boys from?9.I can do Chinese Kung fu. I think its e _. 10.Why do you ask the q_ ?11.I want to _ (交 make )pen pals on the internet. 12.Tom likes going to the _ (电影)on weedends.13.Alice has a sister and two _ (兄弟). 14.John can speak a _ (一点)Chinese. 15. Please write and tell me about _ (你自己).单项选择1. _ are you from ? A. When B. How C. Why D. Where2. - Where _ her pen friend _ ? - Shes from Tokyo. A. does, from B. is, from C. does, in D. is, in3. Where _ your teachers from ? A. is B. am C. are D. do 4. Where _ your brother live ? A. is B. are C. do D. does5. - Where is Sydney? - In _ . A. the United States B. Canada C. Australia D. the United Kingdom6. The United States _ very big. A. is B. are C. am D. be7. - _ do you go ? - I go to the movies. A.When B.Where C.What D.How8. - Whats her _ name? - Her name is _. A. first, King B. last, Lucy C. first, Jolie D. last, Andrew9. Where is _ pen pal from? A.John B.Johns C.Johns D.Johns10. I like going to movies with my pals and _ sports. A. play B. to play C.playing D. plays11. Jim _ Canada speaks_. A.in, Chinese and English B. in, Japanese and English C. from, English and French D.from, French and Spanish (西班牙语).12. We know _ is in USA. A.Toronto B. Tokyo C. Paris D. New York13. My birthday is _ November. A. at B. in C. on D. of 14. - My birthday is coming. Would you like to my party? - Sure, _ is it? - Its November 20th. A. Where B. When C. What D. How 15. - James is good at sports. He plays _ basketball very well. - And he plays _ piano well, too. - Wow, so great! A. the, the B. /, / C. /, the D. the, / 16. - Kelly, could you come here, please? I need some _. - Ok, Im coming. A. friends B. people C. help D. hands17. Its _ to stay at home. I dont like it. A. boring B. interesting C. fun D. relaxing 18. - What is your favorite subject at school? - _. A. Football B. Basketball C. Science D. Running 19. - Goodbye! - Bye! Please write to me _ . A. soon B. fast C. quickly D. now 20. - Can you do well in math? - Of course, its _ for me. A. too difficult B. a piece of cake C. a little easy D. just so-so21. - Where is Sydney? - Its in _. A. America B. Australia C. the United Kingdom D. Mexico22. - Theyre from Japan. What about _ ? A. he B. his C. him D. you 23. - Is she an American girl ? - No, she is _. Shes from _. A. English, England B. English, England C. England, England D. England, English24. What language do you _ ? A. tell B. say C. speak D. talk25. Where _ your pen pal _ from ? A. is, come B. are, / C. is, / D. does, comes26. They _ two cats. The cats are black. A. have B. are C. do D. is 27. - Does Kate have any Chinese books ? - _. A. Yes, she has B. No, she hasnt C. Yes, she does D. No, she does27. What _ does she speak? A. lessons B. subjects C. language D. words28. _ is my pen pal. Shes from Cananda.A. It B. This C. Who D. How 补全对话：A: Is that your new _ pal, Lucy? B: Yes, it is .A: Oh, _ her name? B: Her name is Maria.A: Uh-huh. And where is she _ ? B: Um, shes from Canada.A: Uh-huh. Where _ she live? B: She lives _ Toronto.A: Does she have _ brothers and sisters? B: Yes, she does. She _ two brothers and two sisters.A: _ she speak English? B: Yes. She _ English and Spanish.完型填空A: 根据表格填空: Name: Tom Anderson First Name: Tom Last Name: Anderson Age: 14 From: AustraliaLanguage: EnglishFavorite Sport: SoccerFavorite Subject: PhysicsFavorite Movie: Frequency Family: brother (Sam), sister (Lisa)PEN PAL WANTED My is Tom Anderson. Im_ old and Im from . I speak . I have a brother, Sam, and a , Lisa. I play on weekends. Its my favorite sport. I enjoy (喜欢) class at school. Its fun! My favorite _is Frequency. Do you know it? Its an action movie. Please write and tell me about yourself. (B)My friend Tanaka 1 from Japan. He can 2 Japanese, English and a little Chinese. He often 3 me with some Japanese. He loves music. He likes 4 the piano. He can 5 play 6 guitar, but not very 7 . He wants a pen pal in 8 . He 9 China is a very 10 country.1. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A. speak B. tell C. speaks D. tells 3. A. tells B. helps C. writes D. dances4. A. sing and play B. to sing and to play C. to sing and play D. sing and to play5. A. also B. too C. really D. real6. A. a B. the C. an D. /7. A. boring B. sad C. good D. well 8. A. Singapore B. France C. Australia D. China 9. A. think B. thinks C. like D. likes10. A. difficult B. scary C. interesting D. tired阅读理解 (A) Mrs King is a teacher. She teaches English. She can speak a little Chinese, too. She goes to Chinese classes every week. Mrs King is from Sydney in Australia, but she likes working in China. She says her students all work very hard and they are very friendly. She loves her students. Mrs King has a son and a daughter. Her sons name is Mike. He is ten years old. Her daughters name is Sue. Shes seven years old. They go to school here in China. They have classes on weekdays. They like their school very much. After school they go shopping and go swimming sometimes（有时候）. They help their mother do some housework. They have a happy family life.根据短文内容判断正误(对的写T,错误的写F)1. Mrs King taches in a school 2. Mrs King goes to Chinese classes every day.3. Mrs King has only one child.4. Her son is ten years old.5. Her children dont go to school on Monday.6. The students in Mrs Kings class are very friendly.7. She likes working in China.8. Mike and Sue often go shopping and go swimming after school.9. They dont help their mother.10. Mrs King is a good teacher. (B) Dear Friend, My name is Bob. Im 13 years old. I come from Australia and I speak English. I can speak a little Chinese, too. I have a brother, Sam, and a sister, Lisa. I play basketball on weekends. My favorite lesson is physics. Its very fun. My favorite color is blue. My dear friend, please write to me and tell me about yourself. I want to make (交朋友)a pen pal with you. Please write to me in English or in Chinese at my e-mail address. Its ww.Haodx.C. Yours, Bob1. Bob is from _, and he can speak _. A. Australia, English B. Australia, Chinese C. England, Chinese D. China, English2. Sam is Bobs _ and Lisa is his _.A. pen pal, sister B. brother, pen pal C. sister, brother D. brother, sister3. Bobs favorite sport is _. A. football B. pingpong C. soccer D. basketball 4. Bob likes physics because _ .A. its very interesting B. its very easy C. its his favorite D. its about actions5. Bob write this letter because _ . A. he can speak some Chinese B. his English is very good. C. he wants to know about his friend D. he wants to have a pen pal6. How can a friend contact (联系) Bob ? A. In English. B. By letters. C. By e-mail. D. By phone. (C) Jane Smith comes from England. Shes an English girl. Shes 13 years old. She speaks English. She can speak a little Chinese. Now she is a student of our school. We are in the same class. Her favorite subject is Chinese. Her favorite sport is swimming. We are good friends. She often plays games with her Chinese friends. Janes father is a teacher. He is in our school, too. He is a good teacher. He is strict(严格) with his students. He teaches us English. Jane and her father like Chinese food. They like China and Chinese people very much. A: 根据短文内容判断下列句子正(T)误(F).1. Jane is a student in China. 2. Jane and I are classmates.3. Jane cant speak Chinese. 4. Janes father speaks good English. 5. Jane likes Chinese food but her father doesnt. B: 根据短文内容完成以下Jane 的Information Card (信息卡).Name: _First Name: _Last Name: _Age: _From: _Language: _Favorite Subject:_Favorite Sport: _Her fathers job: _(Subject)_句型转换1. My father lives in Chongqing. (划线提问)2. His pen friend is from Japan. (同义句)3. They can speak French. (划线提问)4. My sister has some friends in school (该为否定句)5. The twins come from America. (划线提问)连词成句1. language, they , speak, what, do ?2. is, Johns, pal, where, from, pen?3. China, very, is , an, think, interesting, I, country. 4. going, the, with, my, to, I, friends, like, sports, and, movies, playing.5. write, tell, and, about, please, me, yourself. 6. can, English, he, and, Chinese, a little, speak.写作：请以My Pen Pal 为题写一篇短文，介绍一下你的笔友的情况。 要求：1. 语言通顺，字数在60-70之间。2提示语必须写上。提示：Australia, thirteen, Chinese, middle school, basketball, maths, play, games, classmates, know about China. 清华大学英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.官方网站：/ 清华大学英语教授50年研究成果新课标七年级总复习资料Unit 1 Wheres your pen pal from?一、词组be from= come form 来自.pen pal=pen friend 笔友like and dislike 好恶；爱憎live in.在.居住speak English 讲英语play sports 做体育运动a little French 一些法语go to the movies 去看电影an action movie 一部动作片on weekends 在周末Excuse me 对不起，打扰get to 到达、抵达beginning of 在.开始的时候at the end of 在.结束的时候arrive at /二、句型（）、Where主 +be+主语from?主语be+from+地点.（）、here do/does+主语live? 主语live/lives in（）、hat language do/does +主语+speak? 主语speak/speaks.（）、主语like/likes+doing三、日常交际用语here is your pen pal from?Hes from China.here does she live? -She lives in Tokyo.3Does she speak English?Yes,she does/No,she dosent.4Is that your new pen pal? Yes,he is /No,he isnt.5What language does she speak? She speaks English.Unit 2 Wheres the post office一、词组post office 邮局pay phone 投币式公用电话next to 在.隔壁across from 在.对面in front of 在.前面betweenand在.和.之间on a street 在街上in the neighborhood 在附近on the right/left 在右边在左边on ones right/left在某人的右边左边turn right/left 向右左转take a walk 散步have fun 玩得开心the way to 去.的路take a taxi 打的乘出租车go down(along)沿着.走go through.穿过.have a good trip 旅途愉快二、句型(1)、Is there a bank near here? Yes,there is .Its on Centre Street. No,there isnt.(2)、Wheres the sumpermarket? Its next to the library.(3)、Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.(4)、I hope you have a good trip.(5)、If you are hungry,you can buy food in the restaurant.(6)、Talk a walk though the park.(7)、enjoy后接名词或动词-ing形式.Do you enoy(=like) your work? Do you enjoy(=like) living in the city?三、日常交际用语(1)、Is there a .?句型Eg: -Excuse me.Is there a hotel in the neighborhood. -Yes, there is. No.there isnt(2)、Where is ?句型Eg:-Where is the park,please?-Its behind the bank.(肯定回答)-Im sorry I dont know. (否定回答)(3)、Which is the way to +地点? 句型.例如：- Which is the way to the library.(4)、How can I get to +地点?句型.例如： -How can I get to the restaurant?(5)、Can you tell me the way to +地点？句型.例- Can you tell me the way to the post office?(6)、Let me tell you the way to my house.(7)、Just go straight and turn left.Unit 3 Why do you like koalas?一、词组want to do sth .想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某做某事want sth 想要某物Let sb do sth 让某人做某事kind of 有几分种类a kind of 一种years old 年龄如：ten years old 十岁like to do sth 喜欢做某事like doing sth play with 与.一起玩be quiet 安静during the day 在白天at night 在夜间have a look at. 看.onethe other 一个.另一个.二、句型(1)、-why do you like pandas? -Because theyre very cure.(2)、-Why dose he like koalas? -Because they are kind of interesting.(3)、-Where are lions from? -Lions are from South Africa.(4)、-What animals do you like? -I like elephants.三、日常交际用语(1)、-Lets see the lions.(2)-Why do you want to see the lions? -Becase they are very cute.(3)-Do you like giraffes? Yes,I do./ No,I dont(4)-What other animal do you like? _I like dogs.tooother+ 名词的复数.表示没有特定的数量范围the other+名词的复数表示有特定的数量范围.(5)-Why are you looking at me? -Because you are very cute.(6)-Let us play games. Great! Let me see.Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一、词组want to be+职业 想要成为。shop assistant店员bank clerk 银行职员work with 与。一起工作work hard 努力工作work for 为。而工作work as 作为。而工作get. from从。获得。give sth.to.sb /give.sb.sth 把某物给某人正确的表示：give it/them to sb. 错误的表示：give sb.it/themin the day 在白天at night 在夜间talk to /with 与讲话go out to dinners 外出吃饭in a hospital 在医院newspaper reporter报社记者movie actor 电影演员二、句型(1)-What do/does+某人+do?例：-What do you do?-Im a student.-What dose he do? Hes a teacher.(2)-What do/does+某人+want to be?例：What do you want to be?-I want to be a teacher.-What does she want