高考-代词.doc

中国教育培训领军品牌学吧教育学科教师辅导教案学员编号： 年 级：高中 课 时 数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：张亚丽 授课类型T - 代词C- T- 星 级教学重难点了解人称代词、物主代词、反身代、指示代词重点把握1.it的各种特殊用法 2.不定代词 3.几组较接近的代词辨析授课日期及时段教学内容T专题导入【考向聚焦】 在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。 知识梳理与经典例题【感悟真题精髓】-真题引领促高效1(2014浙江，3)An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year，making _ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.Aeach Bit Cthis Done2(2014陕西，21)Id appreciate _ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.Ait Byou Cone Dthis3(2014江苏，34)Good families are much to all their members，but _ to none.Asomething BanythingCeverything Dnothing4(2014福建，21)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in _，knives and forks.Aanother Bothers Cboth Dall5(2014安徽，24)You can ask anyone for help._ here is willing to lend you a hand.AOne BNo one CEveryone DSomeone6(2014重庆，1)A smile costs _，but gives much.Aanything BsomethingCnothing Deverything7(2014四川，1)Shed lived in London and Manchester，but she liked _ and moved to Cambridge.Aboth Bneither Cnone Deither8(2014山东，4)Susan made _ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.Athat Bthis Cit Dher9(2014江西，32)When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon? _.Ill be in all day.AAny BNone CNeither DEither 10. (2013天津，12)At our factory there are a few machines similar to _ described in this magazine.Athem Bthese Cthose Dones11(2014大纲全国，25)Whos that at the door?_ is the milkman.AHe BIt CThis DThat12(2013新课标全国，14)Its an eitheror situationwe can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do _.Aothers Beither Canother Dboth13(2013山东，21)Ive lived in New York and Chicago，but dont like _ of them very much.Aeither Bany Ceach Danother14(2013浙江，11)Half of _ surveyed in 16 countries say they go first to their closest friend to share their deepest wishes and darkest fears.Athese Bsome Cones Dthose15(2013重庆，31)Recycling is one way to protect the environment；reusing is _.Aanother Bthe otherCone another Done16(2013辽宁，29)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues.Athat Bone Cones Dthose17(2013陕西，22)Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years，she lost _ of her enthusiasm for life.Asome Bneither Cnone Dall18(2013安徽，27)This project requires close teamwork._ will be achieved unless we work well together.ANothing BAnythingCSomething DEverything19(2013江西，23)_ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesnt love it.AAnybody BEverybodyCNobody DSomebody1. 解析考查代词用法。句中it指代的是last year。句意：去年平均降雨量为18.75厘米，是加利福尼亚州1850年建立以来最干旱的年份。答案B2. 解析考查代词。句意：如果你能让我提前知道你是否能来我会很感激的。I would appreciate it if sb did.如果某人做我会很感激的，固定句型。答案A3. 解析考查不定代词。句意：优秀的家庭对于他们的成员来说意义重大，却不代表一切。everything一切，符合句意。答案C4. 解析考查代词用法。句意：在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，然而在另外一些国家用刀和叉。some.others.有的有的；othersother countries“有的国家，另外一些国家”符合句意。another“另一个”；both“两者都”；all“三者或三者以上都”，均不符合句意。答案B5. 解析考查代词。句意：你可以请求任何人帮忙，这儿的每个人都乐意帮助你。根据句意可知应选everyone。答案C6. 解析考查代词。句意：微笑不会花费你多少，却给与别人很多(微笑没有成本，却极具价值)。根据but gives much可知，前面要用nothing来进行对比。答案C7. 解析考查代词。句意：她原来住在伦敦和曼彻斯特，但这两个地方她都不喜欢，所以搬到了剑桥。根据前面的London and Manchester可知是两个地方，再结合and moved to Cambridge可知，她两者都不喜欢，才导致结果搬到了剑桥。neither表示“两者都不”；而none表示“三者以上都不”。答案B8. 解析考查代词。句意：苏珊明确向我说明，她想为自己谋得一份新生活。此处it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语为that引导的宾语从句。答案C9. 解析考查代词。句意：我是在早上打电话还是在下午打电话。都行，我全天都在。根据句意either为两个之中任何一个或哪个都行，any意思为三个以上中的任何一个，none意思为三个或三个以上的都不，为全部否定。neither意思为两个之中任何一个都不，对两个的全部否定。答案D10. 解析考查代词。句意：我们工厂里有几台机器跟这本杂志上描述得很相似。those指代可数名词复数，特指，相当于the ones；ones指代可数名词复数，泛指。“described in this magazine”作修饰成分，故此处应是特指，指代前面machines，是复数，故选those。答案C11. 解析考查代词。句意：谁在大门那儿？是送牛奶的人。当不明确对方的性别或身份时常用it代指某人。答案B12. 解析考查代词。句意：只能二选一我们或者今年买新车或者去度假，但是不能两者都做。others其他的人或物；either两者中的任一个；another另一个；both两者。both.not/not.both是部分否定，意为“并非两者都”。根据语境可知此处指不能同时做两件事，故选D。13. 解析考查代词。句意：我曾经在纽约和芝加哥住过，但并不非常喜欢两者当中的任何一个。结合语境及but，A项either指两者中的任何一个，与not连用表全部否定，符合题意。B项any指三者及以上中的任何一个；C项each指每一个，与not连用，表部分否定；D项another指三者及以上中的另一个，均不符合句意，故选A。14. 解析考查代词的用法。句意：来自16个国家的被调查的人中，一半人说他们会在第一时间告诉他们最好的朋友最大的愿望以及最大的恐惧。those代指the people，此处有定语修饰，是特指。故选D。ones是泛指。答案D15. 解析考查代词。句意：回收是保护环境的一种方式，再利用是另外一种方式。another表示“三者或三者以上中的另一个”，保护环境方式很多，故使用another；B项the other表示“两者中的另外一个”；C项表示“互相”；D项表示“一个”，相当于“an.”。答案A16. 解析考查代词。句意：令Della高兴的是，她首先赢得了学生们的信任，然后赢得了同事们的信任。A项用来代替不可数名词或者是可数名词单数；B项代替可数名词单数；C项代替可数名词复数；D项用来代替“同名异物”的可数名词复数。trust是不可数名词，故选A。17. 解析考查代词。句意：露丝玛丽虽然多年患一种严重的病，但是她丝毫没有失去对生活的热情。some一些；neither两者都不；none没有，毫无；all所有，全部。根据句意选C。18. 解析考查代词。句意：这个项目需要密切合作。除非我们一起好好工作，否则将一事无成。nothing没有任何事，符合句意。anything任何事；something某事；everything所有的事。答案A19. 解析考查不定代词。句意：如果一个人不喜欢某件事，他就不会40年来一直做得那么好。A项意为“任何人”；B项意为“每人，所有人”；C项意为“没有人”；D项意为“某个人”。答案C【把握高考热点】-热点细研，固基础考点it的用法1it指代前面所提到过的事情、事物；身份不明的人或婴儿，未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指双方都明白的事情) 帕克一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作需要去做。2it用作形式主语或形式宾语，而把真正的主语或宾语放在后面，真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。New technologies have made it possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.新的科技使得在高效率低成本的前提下生产出新的产品变为可能。As far as Im concerned，its no use arguing with him；he wont change his mind.就我个人而言，同他争论没用，他不会改变主意。3表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这类动词有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。They would appreciate it，to be frank，if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.坦率地说，如果货物尽快被送到，他们会感激不尽。Laughter is the best medicineat least when it comes to protecting your heart.笑是最好的药，至少当涉及保护心脏的时候(是这样)。考点another，the other，other，others的区别1another“另外一个(一些) ”，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”。I felt so bad all day yesterday that I decided this morning I couldnt face another day like that. 昨天一整天我都感觉很糟糕，所以今天早晨我决定不能像那样面对另一天了。Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search for goods from one store to another.网上购物使人们不必从一家店到另一家店地寻找商品。2the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指，常用于one.the other.。Ill spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语，另一半时间学习绘画。3other作前置定语，表示“另外的”，是泛指。We study Chinese，maths，English and other lessons.我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他课程。4others作代词，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。Some are singing and dancing，some are drawing，others are climbing the hill.一些人在唱歌跳舞，一些人在画画，还有一些人在爬山。考点it，that，one，those的用法区别1it意为“它”，特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。I like this house with a beautiful garden in front，but I dont have enough money to buy it.我喜欢这座前面有花园的房子，但是我没有足够的钱来买它。2that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the单数/不可数名词。The cost of renting a house in central Xian is higher than that in any other area of the city.西安市中心的房租比这个城市其他地段的房租都贵。3one替代单数名词，指代上文提到的同类事物中的一个，但不是上文提到的那一个事物，相当于“a单数可数名词”；the one用来替代前面的特指的单数名词，有时可用that替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。the ones用来替代前面的特指的复数名词，有时可用those替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。Helping others is a habit，one you can learn even at an early age.帮助他人是一种习惯，是一种甚至年幼时你就能学着养成的习惯。Students who do well in examinations are those/the ones who ask questions in class.考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。考点all，both，either，neither，none的区别1all表示“三者或三者以上都”，指人或所有的物。All thats important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction. 重要的是你尽力朝正确的方向前进。2both表示“两者都”。Did you go to London or Paris last year?We went to both.A week in London and two weeks in Paris.你们去年去了伦敦还是巴黎？都去了。在伦敦待了一周在巴黎待了两周。3either表示“(两者中) 任何一个”。He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found either of them again.战争中他发脾气且损害了健康；但现在两样都没有了。4neither表示“(两者) 都不”。Would you like tea or coffee?Neither，thank you.Ive just had some water.你想要茶还是咖啡？都不要，谢谢。我刚喝过一些水。5none表示“(三者或三者以上) 都不”。Wow! Youve got so many clothes.But none of them are in fashion now.哇！你衣服真多啊！但是没一件是跟得上潮流的。考点复合不定代词复合不定代词主要由some， any， every， no与one，body，thing构成。1表示“一些事情/东西”：something用于肯定句中，在否定句及疑问句中用anything；everything表示“所有一切，全部”；否定意义用nothing表示“什么也没有”。There is something in his words.We should have a try.他的话不无道理，我们应该试一试。2someone，somebody，anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，no one等代词后不能接of短语，此时只能用some one，any one，every one，none等。I cant find my umbrella.I just put it here a moment ago.Someone must have taken it away by mistake，I think.我找不到我的雨伞了。刚才我就把它放在这里了。我想一定有人错拿了那把雨伞。考点each，every的用法each强调“个体”，可作代词和形容词，指“两个或两个以上中的每一个”。作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，作同位语时，不影响谓语动词的单复数形式，不可用not each表部分否定；every强调“全体”，只能作定语，指“三个或三个以上中的每一个”。There are trees on each side of the road.路的两边都有树。Every student has to take the examination.All the students have to take the examination.每个学生都必须参加考试。随堂检测 小试牛刀1Do you have _ at home now?No，we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables.Anothing BeverythingCanything Dsomething2Seat belts of the car save lives.Every driver should wear _ to ensure his safety.Athis Bit Cthat Done3Equipped with the latest facilities，todays schools are quite different from _ of the past.Ait Bthose Cones Done4Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search for goods from one store to _.Aothers Bthe other Canother Dthe rest5_ annoys me a great deal to hear people blaming everything.Why cant they just be a little more positive?AWhat BIt CThat DAs6How much salt did you put in the soup?_.I forgot.ANone BNo one CNothing DNo7You seem to be on top of the world.Of course.Theres _ more exciting than seeing your name in print.Aeverything Bnothing Canything Dsomething8Both teams were in hard training；_ was willing to lose the game.Anone Bone Cneither Deither9Bilateral talks failed to reach an agreement，for neither side would agree with the idea of _.Aothers Bthe other Ceither Danother10Which of the two pop songs do you prefer?Actually I dont like _.Aeither of them Bboth of themCnone of them Dneither of them回顾小结作业布置大显身手11We all know that the information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than _ in the newspaper.Ait Bthose Cone Dthat12Why are you making so much noise?I just cant help _.Aso Bthat Cthis Dit13I found the island a wonderful place for our experiments _ the hot weather.Abesides Bexcept forCexcept Dexcept that14To enjoy just how great _ is to be alive，we have to look around to add to life experience.Athat Bone Cit Dall15I want to buy the perfect dress，_ will make me look younger.Aone in which Bthe one in whichCone that Dthe one that16Excuse me，can you tell me which bus shall I take to Green P