江苏省怀仁中学高一英语 被动语态学生版.doc

江苏省怀仁中学高一英语 被动语态学生版一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以ask为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：_一般过去时：_一般将来时：_现在进行时：_过去进行时: _现在完成时：_过去完成时：_过去将来时：_情态动词的被动语态结构为：_其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，be+过去分词部分不变。如： the user must wear special gloves.- special gloves _.realcine might not attract some users.- some users _by realcine.二、主动语态变为被动语态：转换图示：三、被动语态的用法1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要说出谁是执行者时。the house is quite old. it was built before liberation.2. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者。seven people were hurt in the explosion.3为了使语气婉转，避免提及自己或对方而使用被动语态，或由于修饰的需要，使用被动语态，使句子得以更好的安排。the construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.四、主动语态变为被动语态的几个特殊情况1. 在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to. 例如：the boss made my grandfather work 10 hours a day. my grandfather _work for 10 hours a day.2. 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动语态时，通常用it作为形式主语，从句放后。例如：we know that britain is an island country. _that britain is an island country. the teacher said that this book has been translated into several languages. _that this book has been translated into several languages常见的it is + 过去分词+ that句型还有it is reported that据报道 it is said that据说it is believed that大家相信 it is suggested that有人建议也可采用另一种形式：主语 + 动词的被动语态形式 + 带to的动词不定式it is said that the technology behind realcine is virtual reality.= the technology behind realcine _be virtual reality. 常用于这类句型的动词有say, believe, report, support, know 和prove等。 3. 在give, lend, offer, send, tell 和show 等动词后，可带两个宾语，分别指人和指物。当带有这些动词作谓语的句子变为被动语态时，通常用指人的宾语做句子的主语。有时也可用指物的宾语做句子的主语。例如：they were offered headsets and gloves in the cinema.headsets and gloves were offered to them in the cinema.his father left him this house.this house_ (to) him by his father.4. 含有复合宾语的主动句，宾补不变。即将宾语变为主语，宾补不变。例如：they call her xiao li. she_ xiao li. he left the door open. the door _open by him.5. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例如：look after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make use of, etc. the meeting is to be put off till friday. 翻译：_the fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived._6. 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。例如：that dictionary belongs to the library.7.在被动语态中，有时get 可代替be, 如 get changed, get dressed , get hurtplease wait a while. ill just go and get changed. 8.下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，take，have, hold(容纳) lack, contain, last 昨天发生了一起事故。_the hall can hold 500 people. _9系表结构: 被动语态表示动作的被执行或承受；而系表结构表示主语的特点，性质或状态be, remain ,feel , like, stand, grow, become等+过去分词，eg,the door remained closed all day翻译：_the boy is determined to get the book. 翻译：_he is lost in thoughts. 翻译：_ the school is located in the center of the city.翻译：_此外devote, dress, hide, seat, wear, tire, lose+ oneself + 介词=be + 过去分词+介词i devoted myself to looking after my sick mother last year=_he seated himself in the bench. = he_ in the bench.五、主动形式表被动意义的情况1. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词如：feel, sound, taste, look, smell等在系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例如：your reason _(听起来)reasonable.this shirt _（摸起来） much softer than that one.2. 一些不及物动词如：open, close, shut, read, translate, wash, clean, lock, sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, carry, drive, iron, keep, pick, read, tear, write 等等，主动形式表主语的特征，不表示主语被动承受某动作。his novel sells well._your pen writes quite smoothly. _3. 在need(want, require, deserve, etc.)doing句型中，动名词(doing)相当于动词不定式的被动式(to be done)，在意思上没有多大差别。例如：our classroom wants/ needs/ requires cleaning.= our classroom wants/ needs/ requires_the orphan requires looking after.=_值得注意的是，在be worth doing句型中，只能用动名词的主动式，而在be worthy to be done中，才能用动词不定式的被动式，两者不可混淆。4. 在某些性质形容词动词不定式的句型中，其动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：the question is too difficult _(answer)the box is not light enough for me _( lift)5. 不定式to blame, to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动含义。例如：the house is to let. i feel it is your husband who is to blame for the spoiled child.练习： 一、把下列句子改写成被动语态1.the user can touch the objects in the film.2.manystudentsarereadingthe novel.3.themanagerswillholdameetinginroom3ateightthisnight.4.he often helps joan when she is in trouble.5.thestudentshaveaskedmanyquestions.6.do you always send e-mails to mr. wang?7.ihaveneverheardofthename.8.what does the teacher often tell the boys to do?9.mysistergavemeapen.10.how many books do they buy every term?二、用动词的正确语态填空1.the scientistssaythatsomeicebergsinthenorth pole _ (pull) to iraq for drinking purposes in the future.2.in1970,fivewomen_(stay)fortwoweeksinanundersealab.3.thefirsthighwayintheworld_(build)inthelastcentury.4.thebus_(travel)morethan800kilometersbeforeitstopped for more gasoline.5.mostofthewastewatercan_(put) touseagain.6.somestarsintheskymay_(see)inthenight.7.computerscience_(teach)nowalmostinalluniversitiesandmiddle schools.8.thestreets_(light)byelectricity.9.muchusefulinformationabouttheseplanets_(collect)since1971.10.outerspace_(notexplore)bypeoplebefore1957.三、单项选择1. your job _ open for your return. -thanks. a. will be kept b. will keep c. had kept d. had been kept2. i have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. a. will be repaired b. is repaired c. is being repaired d. has been repaired3. customers are asked to make sure that they _ the right change before leaving the shop. a. will give b. have been given c. have given d. will be given4. in a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. a. was to be held b. has been held c. will be held d. is being held5. the moment the 28th olympic games _ open, the whole world cheered. a. declared b. have been declared c. have declared d. were declared6. it is said that the early european playing-cards _ for entertainment and education. a. were being designed b. have designed c. have been designed d. were designed7. i dont suppose the police know who did it. -well, surprisingly they do. a man has been arrested and _ now. a. has been questioned b. is being questioned c. is questioning d. has questioned8. the construction of the two new railway lines _ by now. a. has completed b. have completed c. have been completed d. has been completed9. although the causes of cancer _, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. a. are being uncovered b. have been uncovering c. are uncovering d. have uncov