英语(二)串讲[1].doc

英语（二）串讲第一部分：1-15单元常考句子和重点句型Unit 1 常考句子：1、 1、 A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2、 2、 Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.3、 3、 If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.4、 4、 For managers every decision has constraints based on politics, procedures, laws, precedents and the like. 5、 5、 For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6、 6、 Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best that is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.7、 7、 In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8、 8、 Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .Unit 2常考句子：1、 1、 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2、 2、 The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3、 3、 Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4、 4、 If a man fell into a black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5、 5、 It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6、 6、 On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind. Unit 3 常考句子：1、 1、 Affected with a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.2、 2、 Van Wendels last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands. 3、 3、 The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4、 4、 What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right. Unit 4重点句子：1、 1、 There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. 2、 2、 Of these 20,000, just under 2,000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3、 3、 The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases. 4、 4、 A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 5、 5、 She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka. 6、 6、 Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.7、 7、 So if they do complain, they risk being deported. Unit 5重点句子：1、 1、 The new music was built out of materials already in existence.2、 2、 Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students. 3、 3、 They freely took over elements form jazz, from American country music. 4、 4、 With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.Unit 6重点句子：1. 1. Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies. 2. 2. Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well. 3. 3. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation. 4. 4. Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one. 5. 5. Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots. 6. 6. With the ability to see, robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials. 7. 7. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics. Unit 7重点句子：1. 1. People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure. 2. 2. The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern. 3. 3. The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual. 4. 4. Since leisure is basically self-determined, one is able to take to ones interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.5. 5. Basically, such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use. 6. 6. For example, the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games, sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students. 7. 7. Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person. 8. 8. The more seriously this is sought, the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic workwill be encouraged. Unit 8常考句子：1. 1. The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time. (para.1)2. 2. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. (para.2)3. 3. He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag. (para.3)4. 4. Now that we understand what Jet lag is, we can go some way to overcoming it (para.4)5. 5. The other belongs in our internal clocks which, left alone, would tie the body to a 25 hour yes, 25 rhythm.(para.5)6. 6. In time the physiological system will reset itself, but it does take time. (para7)7. 7. One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. (para.8)8. 8. It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. (para.9)Unit 9常考句子：1. 1. Nation classified as aged when they have 7 percent of more of their people aged 65 or above. (para.1)2. 2. The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth, the older its population is likely to be at least, for any future that concerns us now. 3. 3. The older you are now, of course, the greater this proportion will be, and greater still if you are a woman. 4. 4. If you are now in your thirties, you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60.Unit 10重点句子：1. 1. Candidates try to project a strong leadership image. (para.4)2. 2. Whether voters accept this image, however, depends more on external factors than on a candidates personal characteristics. (para. 4) 此句注意主语从句作主语。3. 3. A year later, with the nations economy in trouble, Bushs approval rating dropped below 40 percent. 4. 4. Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population. 5. 5. Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992, compared with Bushs 38 percent and Perots 19 percent. Unit 11常考句子：1. 1. The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics. (para.2) 2. 2. Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results. (para.4)3. 3. People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work. (para.4)4. 4. It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals. (para.5)5. 5. The eventual aim of computer modeling is to reduce the number of animals used in experiments. (para.6)6. 6. Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmful biological effects. (para.7)7. 7. The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years. (para.8)8. 8. This is partly due to alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used. (para.8)9. 9. Professor David Morton of the department is involved in animal research and is concerned with reducing animal suffering as much as possible. (para.9)10. 10. This includes keeping them in more suitable cages. (para.9)include 后面接动名词作宾语。11. 11. In the US, one experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rats leg.involve 后面接动名词作宾语。12. 12. When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body, or diseases of the brain for example, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals. When it comes to 当提到的时候Unit 12常考句子：1. 1. At its best, daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.(para.1)2. 2. There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity.(para.2)3. 3. Most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. (para. 2)4. 4. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressure of day-to-day existence, but also their selfcontrol and self-direction become endangered. (para.2)5. 5. But its beneficial effects go beyond this. (para. 3) Go beyond 表示“超越.， 不仅仅是.”6. 6. Historically, scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments. (para.7)Take advantage of 利用7. 7. Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with, he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind. (para.7)8. 8. Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably to success.9. 9. The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them. Unit 13常考句子：1. 1. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing. (para.1)2. 2. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends, not on the job itself, but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it. (para. 3)3. 3. The difference does not, for example, coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job. 4. 4. So that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring, and the more hours he is free to play, the better. Unit 14常考句子：1. 1. It was a microcassette found in Kathleen Weinsteins shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged killer but also revealed the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion. (para.1)本句是个强调句，另外注意found 的用法。2. 2. It was there, police believe, that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.(para.2)本句是强调句。3. 3. Weinsteins body, with hands and feet bound, was discovered by a hiker on March 17. (para.4)4. 4. But before she died she somehow slipped the microcassette into her pocket without her killer knowing it.Unit 15常考句子：1. 1. Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research. (para.2)2. 2. Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to the reality of pain in others.(para.2) 注意本句的倒装形式。并且注意“connect to ”表示“把 与连接起来”。3. 3. The reason these matters are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom. (para. 3)本句中注意“tendency”后面要接动词不定式作定语。另外“mistake for ”表示“把错认为”。4. 4. For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it. (Para. 9)串讲第二部分高自考大学英语（二）应试技巧及复习建议为便于同学们更好地进行复习，并在考试中取得好成绩，现结合高自考英语（二）的考试题型，介绍应试技巧并提出复习建议，供同学们参考。近几年出题趋势的大致分析考试大纲根据英语（二）的要求和自学考试的特点设计了七种题型：词汇与结构、完型填空、阅读理解、单词拼写、词形变化、汉译英、英译汉。试题构成请看下表：序号题型名称题量分值来源性质1词汇与结构1010书内客观题2完型填空1010书内客观题3阅读理解3030书内客观题4单词拼写1010书内客观题5词形变化1010书内客观题6汉译英515书内主观题7英译汉115书外主观题 I. I. 词汇和结构选择填空题(Vocabulary and Structure)一、题解：顾名思义，“词汇和结构”，那肯定是考查语法结构和词语用法搭配。在本题中，语法题约占一半，它主要考查关联词、介词和代词的应用。当然此题中也可能有考查动词、形容词和副词的形态变化的内容，以及词义选择方面的内容。二、语法部分考试重点：语法要全面学习重点掌握。不仅要复习下册的语法内容，还要重点复习（上册）有关语法内容。词法：主要考查名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词以及动词的用法：1 1名词: 主要考查名词的数2 2代词：重点代词的考查eitheror，neithernor 搭配 ; few, a few, little, a little 的区别；other, another, the other, others的区别；other 指另外的人或物；others 泛指别人，可与some 连用；the other 指两个中的另一个，常和one 连用；the others 表示其余所有的人或物；another 则泛指另一个。Some pupils are reading the text loudly, while other students are doing their homework.Some pupils are reading the text loudly, while others are doing their homework. Mrs. Clark has two beautiful hats. One is red, the other is blue. This suit doesnt fit me. Would you please show me another one?3 3 数词：序数词、分数的表达序数词：the first, the second, the third, the forth. 分数：三分之二 ， two thirds ；四分之三，three fourths ；one hundred ,two hundred (正)， two hundreds (误) ； hundreds of (正) ， two hundreds of （误）；4 4形容词和副词：比较级、最高级，以及比较句式 少数形容词和副词的变化是不规则的原级比较级最高级good, well betterbestbad, badly, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittle lessleastfarfarther, furtherfarthest, furthestoldolder, elderoldest, eldestfarther 与 further 都是far 的比较级和最高级，但是farther 指具体含义的“更远”， further指抽象含义的“更远”，有“进一步”的意思。 Elder 与eldest 也是old 的比较级和最高级，主要表示兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。比较结构：1). as + 形容词、副词原级+ as The tree is as tall as the building.He is as busy as before. 他还是像以前那样忙。2) as + 形容词+(a)+ 名词+ as Well give you as much help as we can. He wants to be as great a scientist as Newton. 3) 表示倍数 ： 倍数+ as + 原级+ as Fresh fruit costs twice as much as canned fruit. 新鲜水果的价钱比罐头水果贵一倍。4) not as /so + 原级+ as Im not so experienced as you think. I havent made as much progress as I should. 我没有取得应有的进步。I dont sing popular songs half so well as you. 我唱流行歌曲还没有你一半好。(not) more/less/fewer than（不）比 更no more than与同样不 5) 比较级+thanThis bed is more comfortable than the other. 这张床比那张要舒服。She goes to school earlier than the other classmates. 她上学比其他同学都早。 注意： 比较级前可加表示程度的状语，如：a little, a bit, slightly, a lot, by far, somewhat等。This room is far/ much cooler than that one. 这间屋子比那间要凉快得多。6) the +形容词比较级 ，the +形容词比较级 表示越就越 Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels. 事实上，他越忙越高兴。According to Dr. Krammer, _ people who appear in your dreams, _ you are on awakening. 99.10A. as many as happyB. the more the more happyC. the more the happierD. the most the happiest 5 5 介词： 主要掌握介词与某些其他词的固定搭配关系，考前要重点复习上册第12单元和下册第7单元的语法讲解和语法练习，书后所附的词组表也是复习的重点。常考的介词搭配如：as to, as for, substitute for, lay aside, in terms of ; result in, result from, as a result of, be concerned about / be concerned for, rely on, live on, lie in, consist of, be satisfied with, look up, in addition to, regardless of, despite, in spite of, contribute to, at least,in terms of, in accordance with, in line with, except, except for, due to, owing to, vary from to , attach to, be irrelevant to, distinguish from, 等等。 6 6动词：主要考查动词的时态、语态、语气和非谓语动词及情态动词。情态动词+ have done 的形式。You neednt _ him about this since he could find out for himself. 00.10A. tell B. be tellingC. have toldD. have to tell Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young mans bed; he _ heavily. 01.10A. must have drunk B. must drinkC. should drinkD. had to drink_ they began to get down to business. A. The holidays are over B. The holidays were over C. The holidays being overD. The holidays had been over 7 7句法：重点是各种从句以及倒装句、强调句的用法。考前要重点复习上册第15、16、17、19、20单元的语法讲解例句和语法练习。主语从句：what, that 区别; 例如：It is becoming increasingly clear to policy makers _ schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community. 02.10 A. thatB. whatC. whenD. who 同位语从句：注意一般由that 引导，先行词经常为, idea, doubt, thought, fact, belief。There is no doubt _ a large number of people have benefited from heart surgery. (02.10)A. whatB. ofC. ifD. that On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order _ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices. A. whichB. what C. that D. in that Such attitudes amount to a belief _ leisure can and should be put to good use. A. which B. if C. whether D. that 定语从句：引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词；that, which的区别;介词+ which 的用法。Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space _Which matter has fallen and _ which nothing can escape. 2000.4 A. towards towards B. into from C. out of from D. through throughAs 引导的定语从句Such people _ you describe are rare nowadays. 02.10A. as B. that C. who D. which 状语从句：引导各种从句的关连词。主要是条件状语从句，让步状语从句，结果状语从句，原因状语从句。In that 的用法：Robots differ from automatic machines in _ after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed to do another one. 99.10,00.4A. which B. that C. how D. whetherHis name will be crossed out from the list _ he makes the same mistakes again. 01.10A. ifB. unless C. because D. though 倒装句：倒装句的几种形式_ when John came to see hi