中考英语 阅读理解解题技巧及满分训练题精选第2集（含解析）.doc

2012中考英语阅读理解解题技巧及满分训练题精选第2集【答案或解析】【共18页】 中考英语阅读理解-训练的六种方法 本精品资源训练中考英语阅读理解-训练的六种方法中的【讲究阅读方法】。选择的题型有：阅读回答问题、阅读单项选择、阅读改写填空、阅读判断正误。都有答案，至少一半的有具体解析。*讲究阅读方法* (1)依据主题句定短文的中心：任意一篇文章通常是围绕一个中心展开并且由段落组成的；段落之间有着内在的紧密联系，而表达段落主题的句子叫主题句，通常置于段落的开头，有时在段落末尾和中间；其它的句子是用来说明和阐述主题句的；若把一个个主题句加以整理，你能悟出其中心思想，同时还可以回避、排除个别生词、难句（等困难信号）所带来的干扰，但也有一些文章的中心思想常贯穿在全文中，因而要综观全文，对全文有一个透彻的理解才行。如： my friend matt and i arrived at the activity centre on friday evening. the accommodation wasnt wonderful, but we had everything we needed (beds, blankets, food ), and we were pleased to be out of the city and in the fresh air. on saturday morning we met the other ten members of our group. cameron had come along with two friends, kevin and simon, while sisters carole and lynn had come with amanda. there were some other members i didnt know. we had come from different places and none of us knew the area. we knew we were going to spend the weekend outdoors, but none of us was sure exactly how. half of us spent the morning caving while the others went rock-climbing and then we changed at lunchtime. matt and i went to the caves (岩洞) first. climbing out was harder than going in, but after a good deal of pushing, we were out at last. though we were covered with mud, we were pleased and excited by what wed done. this passage mainly talks about _. a. the writers friends at the activity center b. the writers experience at the activity center c. outdoor sports at the activity center d. how to go rock-climbing and caving 参考答案b 上述这段短文的中心是说明“the writers experience at the activity center.”。作者以及作者的朋友，还有组上的其他一些成员一起在活动中心度周末的一些活动以及感受。(2) 掌握具体事实和重要细节：阅读文章时，要求学生养成辨认和记忆具体事实、重要细节的习惯。因为具体事实、重要细节是主题句的扩展、补充、说明或例证，是用来支持和说明中心思想的，而且是阅读理解测试的重要组成部分。如：if someone asks me: “do you like music?” im sure i will answer him or her: “of course, i do.” because i think music is an important part of our lives. different people have different ideas about music. for me, i like rock music because its so exciting. and my favorite rock band, the “foxy ladies” (酷妹) is one of the most famous rock bands in the world. i also like pop music. my classmate lilan loves dance music, because she enjoys dancing. my best friend, jane, likes jazz music (爵士乐). she thinks jazz is really cool. “i like dance music and rock very much.” says my brother, “because they are amazing.” but my mother thinks rock is boring. “i like some relaxing (轻松的) music,” she says. thats why she likes country music, i think. the writer likes music because he thinks _. a. its an exciting part of our lives b. its an amazing part of our lives c. its an important part of our lives what kind of music does the writer like? a. rock and pop music. b. rock and dance music. c. jazz and country music. who likes dancing? a. the writer. b. li lan. c. jane. the writers mother thinks that country music is _. a. amazing b. boring c. relaxing how many peoples ideas about music are talked about in this passage (短文)?a. 4. b. 5. c. 6.这是几道重要事实和细节的辨认题，全是围绕短文的主题句“different people have different ideas about music”来展开说明的，起补充举例作用。答案分别为 c a b c b。 (3) 运用构词法、语境线索等帮助来推测关键词义：在阅读文章的过程中，常常会遇到一些生词，如果不懂得这些词义就会妨碍理解，但大部分生词的词义是可以根据上下文，结合构词法、借助文章中的语境线索帮助在理解基础上猜测其词义，这有助于加快阅读速度，提高阅读理解能力。如：water is all around us. water is in the ocean. water is in the lakes and rivers. water is in the air. there is more water than land on the earth. all living things must have it. we must have it, too. we cannot live without drinking water. sometimes, we do not have all the water that we need. the land will dry up without water. sometimes, there can be too much water in the land. if it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hill. it takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills. it is called erosion when the water takes the land away.“erosion” in the passage means _.a. 地震 b. 雪崩 c. 侵蚀 d. 霜冻 根据前面的语句if it rains very, very hard, the rain water will run down the hills. it takes some of the land with it when it runs down the hills.解释可以推知erosion是一种自然地理现象，即“侵蚀”，答案为c。训练题精选 01nearly all american students in colleges and universities pay for their education. there are many expenses. first of all, there is tuition (学费). at some schools, the tuition is very high, ten thousand dollars a year or more. at other schools, it may only be a few hundred dollars a year. at some community (社区) colleges, tuition is free. there are other expenses as well. many students leave their homes to go to schools in other cities. they may live in dormitories or apartments ( flats), and they must pay for it. finally, students must buy textbooks for their courses. some families start saving money for their childrens education when the children are small. many students work to save money for tuition. they can also get loans (贷款) from the government. they pay the money back to the government when they finish their education. 阅读短文，回答问题或完成答句，每题词数不超过5个1. which students pay for their education?_ in colleges and universities pay for their education. 2. how much is the higher tuition? it is _ or more. 3. are there any free tuition colleges?_.4.why do many students live in dormitories or apartments?because they_. 5. what must students buy finally? they must _. 6. when do many students pay back their loans from the government?they pay them back_. 参考答案 【文章大意】 几乎所有的美国大学生都要支付教育费用。首先是学费。有些学校的学费很贵，高达一万美元一年甚至更多。还有其它的费用，如住宿费。最后还有教材费。有些家庭在孩子还小的时候就开始积攒教育经费，很多学生通过工作来挣钱支付学费，他们也可以向政府借贷，毕业后再还。1. nearly all american students 2. ten thousand dollars a year 3. yes, there are some 4. study in other cities / leave their homes to study / study away from their homes / dont study near their homes 5. buy textbooks for their courses6. when they finish their education*02some people want to be shot into space after their death, others want to lie deep under the sea. but most people want to go into the freezer(冷藏库).these are believers in cryogenics(低温冷冻学). now some diseases cant be cured, but they may be cured sometime in the future. so some people hope that their bodies can be frozen after they die. when a cure is found, warm up his or her body, bring it back to life and take the cure. once the body is frozen, it is kept in liquid nitrogen(液态氮) at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero. now around a thousand people are going to take cryogenic treatment(处理), though most scientists say it wont work. if we freeze huge creatures(生物) like humans, every one of their cells(细胞) will be broken. can they be brought back to life in the future? 根据短文内容回答下列各问题。1. where do most people hope that their bodies are kept after their death?_2. why do they want the world to keep their bodies well?_3. how do scientists usually keep a dead mans body?_4. how many people are going to take cryogenic treatment after they die?_参考答案 【文章大意】有些人死后想被发射到太空去，有些人想被深埋在海底之下，但多数人想要被低温冷冻。现在有些疾病不能治疗，但到了将来它们可能会被治好。于是有些人希望死后尸体能被冷冻起来，等找到了治疗方法，再让他们复活。尽管大多数科学家认为这种方法不起作用，还是有1,000多人准备接受低温冷冻。1. in the freezer. 2. they hope that they can come back to life one day. 3. they usually keep it in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 328 degrees below zero. 4. around 1.000 people.*03a rich man was once riding along the road and saw an old man digging in his garden. on the ground lay a young tree, ready to be planted. the rich man called out to the old man, “what kind of tree are you planting there, my good man?” “this is a fig(无花果) tree, sir. ” he said. “a fig tree?” the rich man was very surprised, “why, how old are you, may i ask?” “i am ninety years old.” “what!” cried the rich man, “youre ninety years old. you are planting a very young tree now and itll take years to give fruit. you certainly dont hope to live long enough to get any fruit from this tree. ” the old man looked around the garden. then he said with a smile, “tell me, sir. did you eat figs when you were a boy? ”“sure,” the man did not know why he asked this question. “then tell me this,” he said, “who planted the fig trees?” “why-why? i dont know.” “you see, sir.” went on the old man,“our forefathers(祖先) planted trees for us to enjoy and i am doing the same for the people after me.” the rich man was quiet and said, “you are right，my good man. we should do some things for the people after us. thank you very much.” then he rode away. 根据短文内容回答下列各问题。1.what tree was the old man planting when the rich man saw him? _2. how old was the old man? _3. the old man was planting the tree to get himself some fruit to eat，wasnt he? who was he planting the tree for? _4. did the rich man eat figs when he was a boy? _5. what should we do for the people after us? _参考答案 【文章大意】一位富人见一位90岁的老人在种无花果树，感到很惊讶。老人对他说，“我们的祖先为我们栽树，供我们享受，我也为我的后人们做同样的事。”1.、he was planting a fig tree. 2.、 he was ninety years old. 3. 、no, he wasnt. he was planting the tree for the people after him . 4. 、yes, he did. 5.、 we should do some good things for the people after us.* 04henry was an office worker in a big city. he worked very hard and enjoyed traveling in his holidays. he usually went to the seaside, but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper. “enjoy country life. spend a few weeks at west hill farm. good food. fresh air. horse riding. walking. fishing. cheap and interesting.”“this sounds a good idea,” he thought. “ill spend a month at west hill farm. i think i can enjoy horse riding, walking and fishing. theyll make a change from sitting by the seaside and swimming.”he wrote to the farmer. in the letter he said that he would like to spend all of july there. then on the first of july, he left for west hill farm. but four days later, he returned home. “what was wrong with west hill farm?” his best friend, ed, asked him. “didnt you enjoy country life?”“country life was very good,” henry said. “but there was another problem.”“oh. what?”“well,” he said, “the first day i was there a sheep died, and we had roast mutton for dinner.”“whats wrong with that?” ed asked. “fresh meat is the best.”“i know, but on the second day a cow died, and we had roast beef for dinner.”“lucky you!”“you dont understand,” henry said. “on the third day a pig died and we had roast pork for dinner.”“a different meat every day,” ed said loudly, “and you are complaining!”“let me finish,” henry said. “on the fourth day the farmer died, and i didnt dare (敢)stay for dinner!”1. how did henry find out about the farm?a. he saw it in a newspaper advertisement. b. his best friend told him. c. he wrote to the farmer. d. maybe he learned it from the radio. 2. henry came back home several days later because _. a. he didnt like the country life at allb. the farmer wasnt friendly to himc. his holiday was overd. he thought he might have to eat the farmer3. “and you are complaining!”, the word “complain” means _. a. 夸奖b. 说三道四c. 抱怨d. 故弄玄虚4. which of the following sentences is true?a. ed could eat a different kind of meat every day. b. henry thought he could enjoy a change. c. henry couldnt think of anything else to do, so he went to the farm. d. the farmer died because of the bad meat he ate. 5. which is the best title for the passage?a. what a beautiful farm!b. have a good time. c. a short holiday d. henry and the farmer. 参考答案(a) 假日里，亨利喜欢到海边去旅游。有一次，他想去西山农场享受一下田园风光，并计划在那儿度过一个月的时间。可是令人惊奇的是，才去四天之后他就回来了。当朋友问起其中的缘由时，亨利说道：第一天，农场里死了一只羊，晚餐时美美地吃了一顿烤羊肉；第二天农场死了一头牛，又吃了一顿烧牛肉；第三天农场死了一头猪，结果又吃了一顿烤猪肉。可是，到了第四天，农场主死了，我不敢再留下来吃饭了。1. a。第二段的首句“.but one year he saw an advertisement in a newspaper.”即是答案的出处。2. d。本题考查根据语境进行分析判断的能力。由上下文，显然可知这是报纸上的一则广告信息。3. c。本题考查通过上下文对词汇的推测能力。根据亨利的叙述可得出此答案。4. b。这由“a different meat every day, and you are complaining!”一句可知。5. c。本来打算要在乡村农场过一个暑假，结果四天之后就回来了。这能不是个短暂的假期吗？用此作标题既切合题意，又具有幽默的味道。* 05paragraph 1scientists have learned a lot about the kinds of people need. they say that there are several kinds of food that people should eat every day, they are: (1) green and yellow vegetables of all kinds; (2) citrus (柑桔) fruits and tomatoes; (3) potatoes and other fruits and vegetables; 94) meat of all kinds, fish and eggs; (5) milk and foods made from milk; (6) bread or cereal (谷类), rice is also in this kind of food; (7) butter, or something like butter. paragraph 2people in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways. people in different countries eat at different times of the day. in some places people eat once or twice a day; in other countries people eat three or four times a day. scientists say that none of the differences is really important. it doesnt matter whether foods are eaten raw or cooked, canned (罐装的) or frozen (冷冻的). it doesnt matter if a person eats dinner at 4 oclock in the afternoon or at eleven oclock at night. the important thing is what you eat every day. paragraph 3there are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on the earth. the first is to find some way to feed the worlds population so that no one is hungry. the second is to make sure that people everywhere have the right kinds of food to make them grow to be strong and healthy. 1. according to(依据)the scientists，which of the following groups of food is the healthiest for your lunch？a. chicken, apples, cereal and cabbages. b. potatoes, carrots, rice and bread. c. oranges, bananas, fish and tomatoes. d. beef, pork, fish and milk,2. it is important for people to eat _. a. three times a day b. dinner at twelve oclock c. cooked food all the time d. something from each of the seven kinds of food every day 3. people in different countries and different places of the world _. a. have the right kinds of food to eatb. cook their food in the same way c. have their meals at the same timed. eat food in different ways 4. which of the following is not true？a. people in some places dont have enough to eat. b. there are too many people in the world. c. one of the problems is that no one is hungry. d. the scientists are trying to make people grow to be strong and healthy. 5. if there is paragraph (段落) 4, what do you think is going to be talked about？a. when people eat their lunch. b. what to do with the two problems. c. how to cook food in different ways. d. why people eat different kinds of food. 参考答案(b) 这篇短文分为三个落：第一段列举了科学家研究了人们每天要吃的食物；第二段讲述了不同国家的人们饮食习惯和饮食结构等各方面有很大差异。但这些对人来说都没不是很重要的，重要的是每天吃什么。第三段阐述了两个问题：如何解决世界人口的吃饭问题，既要吃饱，又要吃得健康。1. a。本题属表层理解题。由第一段科学家建议七大类食品可知答案非a莫属。2. d。由“the important thing is what you eat every day.”及第一段的内容可知d是正确答案。而根据第二段可知a、b、c皆为错误的。3. d。第二段开头的“people in different countries and different places of the world eat different kinds of things. foods are cooked and eaten in many different kinds of ways.”这两句是解答本题的关键。4. c。根据第三段所讲的内容，c项显然是错误的。5. b。a、c和d都是在上文刚刚谈论过的，又根据第三段“there are two problems, then, in feeding the large number of people on the earth.”所提的两个问题，可以推知下文可能要谈论如何解决这两个问题。故答案为b。*06people often say, “children cant do math problem, its because parents cant do their childrens homework.” heres an example to show what i mean. the other day my daughter brought home her math homework. “i have to subtract (减) 179 from 202,” she said. “its quite easy,” i said. “you put the 202 over the 179.”“but we need a 10 here. where is the 10?”“i dont know where the 10 is. lets just subtract 179 from 202. nine from two is three. you carry one and add it to seven. eight from zero is two. the answer is 23.”“we cant do it that way. we have to use the 10.”“well, im going to call your teacher to see how she subtracts 179 from 202.”over the telephone, i said that i was having a bit of trouble with the homework she had given to my daughter. the teacher said, “in the right-hand column (栏) we have units of one. the two in that column counts for two ones. the zero in the center counts for zero tens. the two in the left-hand column counts for hundreds. are you clear?” but i didnt think i was clear. i hung up and found my way to the medicine box. my head was now hurting. i started putting pills of medicine into my mouth. “how many did you take?” my wife asked. “i took one and then i took anotheri know one and one was two, but dont ask me what it is now.”1. the daughter wanted _ the other day. a. to give her father a lessonb. to show how difficult math was c. her father to phone her teacherd. her father to help her with her homework 2. which of the following sentences is not true?a. the father had a different way to do the math problem. b. the father couldnt do his daughters homework. c. the daughter couldnt understand her fathers way. d. the daughter had some trouble doing the math problem. 3. from what the teacher said, we know that the word “units” means _ here. a. whole numbers less than 10b. whole things c. group