Practice Test Two四级.doc

Practice Test TwoPart Writing (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: My View on Golden Weeks. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 黄金周的出现使顾客和商家受益2. 但也有人认为它带来麻烦3. 我的看法Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) If the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) If the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;N G (for NOT GIVEN) If the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Introduction to the oldest wineIt is official. Traces of the oldest known wine in the world have been confirmed by an international research team composed of Chinese, American and German scientists. Through a barrage of tests that looked at ancient organic compounds preserved in pottery jars that were discovered from Neolithic relics at Jiahu in Central Chinas Henan Province, they were able to reveal that a mixed fermented（酶，发酵） beverage of rice, honey and fruit was produced around 9,000 years ago. This discovery pushes the Chinese history for making alcoholic drinks back by 4,000 years and claims the mantle as the worlds earliest wine, beating the previous best by at least 1,000 years. Also in Henan, known as the cradle of Chinese civilization, the scientists found liquids that were more than 3,000 years old and had been well preserved inside tightly closed bronze vessels.Excavated from an elite burial area in the city of Anyang in the Yellow River Basin, the vessels date back to the Shang (1600-1046 BC)and Western Zhou dynasties (1046-771 BC). They contained specialized rice and millet wines. They had been flavoured with herbs, flowers and tree resins, and were similar to herbal wines described in the Shang Dynasty oracle inscriptions(甲骨文), according to researchers. The researchers involved claim the discoveries from both sites provide the first direct chemical evidence for early fermented beverages in ancient Chinese culture, and will broaden the understanding of the key technological and cultural roles that fermented beverages played in China. The discoveries were published in the December issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, or PNAS. Fragrant liquids The prehistoric beverages at Jiahu paved the way for the unique cereal beverages that were found at Anyang, said Patrick McGovern from the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. They are from the proto-historic in the second millennium BC.McGovern is the chief American scientist who involved in the research and a renowned wine brewing historian. The vessels excavated from Anyang were sealed well for their day. And although the lids have long been corroded, evaporation was prevented. Scientists believe the vessels and their contents - besides serving as burial goods to sustain the dead in the afterlife - also had links to funerals where the living hoped to communicate with the deceased ancestors and gods, after drinking from them. The aroma of the liquids inside the tightly lidded jars and vats, when their lids were first removed after some 3,000 years, suggested that they indeed represented Shang and Western Zhou fermented beverages, McGovern noted. Aroma is something. McGovern is an authority, having led the discovery of the earliest barley beer in 1992 in western Iran. The beer dates back to 3500-3100 BC. Two years later also in Iran, at another Neolithic site there was evidence of the earliest wine, which dates back to 5400 BC. Universal phenomenon Throughout history and around the globe, humans at every level of complexity discovered how to make fermented beverages from sugar sources available in their local habitats, according to McGovern. The reason for such a widespread phenomenon of fermented beverages may have, he suggests, derived in part from ethanols combined pain-relieving, disinfectant and profound mind-altering effects. Moreover, fermentation helps to preserve and enhance the nutritional value of foods and beverages. Because of their perceived multiple benefits, fermented beverages have played key roles in the development of human culture and technology, contributing to the advancement of agriculture, horticulture and food-processing techniques. Among all strata of ancient society, they marked major events, from birth to death, as well as victories, auspicious occasions and harvests, McGovern added. The royal and the rich, were particularly drawn to the beverages, the researchers noted in their PNAS article. In certain cases, such celebrations could also develop into large-scale secular or religious ceremonies for the whole of society. China is no exception but when McGovern started his collaboration with his Chinese counterparts in 2000, the questions were when and how. Historical writings provided the first trace. Based on the oracle inscriptions from the late Shang Dynasty, the earliest texts from China, at least three beverages were distinguished: Chang (a herbal wine), Li (probably a sweet, low-alcoholic rice or millet beverage) and Jiu (fully fermented and filtered rice or millet beverage or wine, with an alcoholic content of probably 10-15 per cent). According to the records, the Shang palace administration included officials who made the beverages, which sometimes were inspected by the king. Fermented beverages and other foods were offered as sacrifices to royal ancestors in various forms of bronze vessels, likely accompanied by elite feasting. Later documents, incorporating traditions from the Zhou Dynasty (1046-256 BC), describe another two beverages: Luo (which was likely made from a fruit) and Lao (an unfiltered, fermented rice or millet beverage). Pottery cluesA much earlier history of fermented beverages in China has long been hypothesized based on the shapes and styles of Neolithic pottery vessels, which are similar to the magnificent Shang Dynasty bronze vessels. The vessels were used to present and store fermented beverages.McGovern and his Chinese collaborators concentrated their research on pottery from the Neolithic village of Jiahu, because it is some of the earliest known pottery in China. The Chinese researchers, led by Zhang Juzhong, a professor from the University of Science and Technology of China, had carried out archaeological research around the site for decades. The Jiahu area was already famous for yielding some of the earliest musical instruments and domesticated rice, as well as possibly the earliest Chinese pictographic writing. Zhang and his colleagues found the pottery articles, one of the many discoveries they made that have rewritten the conventional perspectives of Chinas early history. McGovern took the lead in the chemical analyses of the residue elements absorbed in the pottery. The most straightforward interpretation of the data, according to researchers, is that the Jiahu vessels contained a consistently processed beverage made from rice, honey and a fruit. Other known old winesScientists reported a number of interesting discoveries of old wines in the past decade, before they found and determined the 9,000-year-old wine at the Jiahu ruins, Central Chinas Henan Province. The Archaeological Institute of America in 1996 reported researchers celebrating the finding of the remains of 7,000-year-old wine in six vessels unearthed at the site of a Neolithic village in Iran. Each jar could hold about 9 litres. They were unearthed in 1976 what the scientists believed to be the kitchen area of a mud-brick building in Hajji Firuz Tepe, a village of the new Stone age era in the northern Zagros mountains. Patrick E. McGovern and his team from the University of Pennsylvania Museum applied hi-tech devices to analyze the remains from the jars. They identified calcium salt from tartaric acid, which they said develops naturally in large amounts only in grapes, and issued as a pointer for the presence of identifying wine in ancient residues. The researchers also found resin from the terebinth tree in the residue, a compound used as a preservative. McGovern and his colleagues believed the wine did not result from the accidental fermentation of grape juice but had been made intentionally. The Zagros Mountain area has grapes growing wild and McGovern and his colleagues also analyzed residue from a jar unearthed in Godin Tepe, in the middle Zagros mountains near the Hajji Firuz Tepe site. They concluded that the residue came from wine dating back to some 5,100 years. Despite the discoveries of earliest wines, many researchers believe that ancient Egyptians were arguably the earliest to record in detail a wine-making process. From wine jars unearthed in ancient Egyptian tombs dating back to 2,600 BC, researchers found the jars bore labels clarifying the product, year, source and name of the vine grower. 1. The history for making alcoholic drinks dated back to around 9,000 years ago.2. Henan is known as the cradle of the worlds civilization3. The prehistoric beverages at Jiahu paved the way for the unique fruit beverages that were found at Anyang,4. The aroma of the liquids inside the tightly lidded jars and vats found at Anyang, when their lids were first removed after some 3,000 years, revealed that they indeed stood for Xia and Western Zhou fermented beverages,5. The reason for such a widespread phenomenon of fermented beverages may have resulted in part from alcohols combined painkilling, disinfectant and profound mind-altering effects. 6. Many discoveries made by Zhang and his colleagues have rewritten the conventional perspectives of Chinas early history. 7. It was reported that the Archaeological Institute of America in 1996 had found the remains of 9,000-year-old wine in six vessels unearthed at the site of a Neolithic village in Iran.8. Apart from pain-relieving, disinfectant and profound mind-altering effects, fermentation helps to _. 9. The most straightforward understanding of the data is that the Jiahu vessels contained _ made from rice, honey and a fruit. 10. Despite the discoveries of earliest wines, many researchers believe that ancient Egyptians were _.Part Listening Comprehension (35minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B., C. and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example:You will hear:You will read:A. At the office.B. In the waiting room.C. At the airport.D. In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 oclock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, A. “At the office” is the best answer. You should choose A on the Answer Sheet 2 and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer A B C D11. A.20 dollars. B.70 dollars. C.30 dollars. D.80 dollars.12. A. He knows the route very well.B. He often gets lost.C. He doesnt know where the hotel is.D. He thinks its an expensive hotel.13. A. She may need to take another course.B. The math course is too short.C. The graduation date has been changed.D. She should have gotten a better score.14. A. The clothes dont look clean to him.B. He doesnt intend to get the clothes.C. The woman can pick out her own clothes.D. The woman should stop staring at his clothes.15.A. The man should learn to type.B. She thinks the application should be typed.C. The man doesnt really want the job anyway.D. She doesnt know of a better job.16. A. Looking in the library card catalog.B. Studying for an exam.C. Reading the newspaper.D. Exercising in the gym.17. A. The results havent been announced yet.B. There was little about the election on the radio.C. She hasnt heard the results.D. She didnt hear the news, but she read the paper.18.A. It placed right.B. There isnt enough time to clear it off.C.A new desk has been ordered to replace it.D. It has needed reorganizing for quite a while.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A. One of his classes finished early.B. He wanted to get some studying done.C. The library had a special display on the industrial Revolution.D. His books were ten days overdue.20.A. Checked them out.B. Took notes on them.C. Returned them to the shelves.D. Put them in his book bag.21.A. They are marked with colored labels.B. They are specially coded.C. They are checked out.D. They are inspected by the guard.22.A. Copies down the name and the address of each borrower.B. Checks all books for missing pages.C. Demagnetizes the books as they are checked out.D. Helps students use the card catalog.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.A. To Colorado.B. To Arizona.C. To the Nile River.D. To the Museum of Natural History.24.A. In a cave.B. In a river.C. In a tree.D. In a boat.25.A. Solve a mystery.B. See the canyon.C. Find some driftwood.D. Take some photographs.Section B Directions: In this section，you will hear 3 short passages .At the end of each passage，you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A.，B.，C. and D. .Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A. deserters from sailing ships B. Spanish ranchers C. gold miners D. tourists 27.A. Attractive lifestyle, good seafood, desirable weather. B. Tourist attractions, extreme seasons, cable cars. C. Wagon trains, gold mining, good climate. D. Cable cars, pleasant climate, flat terrain. 28. A. Heavy industry B. Governmental headquarters C. Gold mining D. Trade and tourism Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A. The long distance between his home town and New York. B. His unpopular character. C. The high unemployment rate in New York. D .His criminal record.30. A .He went directly to the police station. B. He drove out of the town and tried to escape. C. He waited for the police to arrest him. D He argued with the police angrily.31. A . Mr. Spears enjoyed living in prison. B. Mr. Spears was known as a greedy man in his community. C. The police in New York were not very efficient. D. The only way for Mr. Spears to support his family was by going to prison again.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A. How to Make Violins. B. Expensive Violins . C. Stradivariuss Secret . D. Italian Violin Makers .33. A. hundred of violins every day . B. Over 100,000 violins during his career . C. Only one violin . D. Hundreds of violins during his career .34. A. His notes were never found . B. His notes were left to his sons . C. His notes were found by other violin makers . D. There were not any written notes about his secret .35. A. Special properties of wood of the violin . B. The shape and construction of the instrument . C. Different steps involved in the violins construction . D. The special coat of paint on the violin . Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46, you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main idea in your own words. Finally when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is (36) _ or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and (37) _ immediate attention. The same meaning is (38) _ to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he (39) _ its a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call (40) _ its importance.In (41) _ life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests (42) _ to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is (43) _ only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. (44) _ _ because plans which