用美国小孩的方法学英语最有效.doc

用美国小孩的方法学英语最有效Rounding off Numbers数字的四舍五入How do you round numbers like 32 and 38 to the nearest ten?你如何把32和38两个数字用四舍五入取到十位数呢？(1) First see what two tens a number is between. Both 32 and 38 are between 30 and 40.(1) 首先，看看数字是介于哪两个十位数之间。32和38都介于30和40之间。(2) Then see which ten a number is closer to. If the ones digit is less than 5, round to the lesser ten. If the one digit is 5 or greater, round to the greater ten.(2) 然后再看哪一个十位数最接近你要四舍五入的数字。如果数字低于5，则四舍五入到较小的十位数。如果数字等于或是高于5，则四舍五入到较大的十位数。 From the rule, we know 32 rounds up to 30, and 38 rounds up to 40.根据上面的规则，我们知道32四舍五入后等于30，而38则等于40。 Estimation of Sums概算To estimate a sum, first round each number to the same place value. Then add the rounded numbers.要大致算出数字的总和，首先要把每个数字四舍五入。然后把四舍五入的数字相加。Estimate: 53 + 48 = ?概算：53加48等于多少？Step 1: Round each number to the same place value.步骤1：把53和48四舍五入。53 5053 50+48 +50+ 48 + 50Step 2: Add.步骤2：把四舍五入后的数字相加。100100Estimate: 498 + 112 =?概算：498加112等于多少？Step 1: round each number to the same place value. Step 2: Add.步骤1：把498和112 四舍五入。步骤2：把四舍五入后的数字相加。498 500498 500+ 112 + 100+112 + 100600600【注】在商业上，概算（estimate)是一种重要的思考方式。人们通常运用概算的方式同他人进行商务交易。因此，在小学阶段要注意概算能力的提高。Use guess and check to solve the problem用猜测和检验的方法解决问题Jack and Susan work in a shoe store. Last week, Jack sold 6 more pairs of shoes than Susan did. Together they sold 30 pairs. How many pairs of shoes did each person sell?杰克和苏珊在一家鞋店工作。上个星期，杰克比苏珊多卖6双鞋。他们两个共卖30双鞋。请问两人各卖多少双？Jack _ pairs.杰克 _ 双。Susan _ pairs.苏珊 _ 双。(1) Underline what the problem asks.(1) 将问题画底线。(2) Check your answer.(2) 检验答案是否正确。(3) Complete the blank with right numbers.(3) 在空格里填上正确的数字。答 案1. How many pairs of shoes did each person sell?2. Clue 1: Jacks Shoes + Susans Shoes = 30Check: 18 + 12 = 30Clue 2: Jacks shoes Susans shoes = 6Check: 18 12 = 63.18, 12注Addition din n. 加法Subtraction sbtrkn n. 减法基本的数学加减算式的念法：5+3=8 Five plus three equals eight.9-5=4 Nine minus five equals four.Problem Solving应用题John spent 10 in all on a hot dog and soda at the baseball game. The hot dog cost 6 than the soda. How much did the hot dog cost? How much did the soda cost?在棒球运动会上约翰花了10美元买了一个热狗和一瓶汽水。热狗比汽水贵6美元。买热狗花了多少钱？买汽水又花了多少钱？(1)Understand the problem:(1)理解问题：What do you want to know?你想要知道什么？How much did the hot dog cost? How much did the soda cost?热狗多少钱？汽水多少钱？What information is given?题中给了哪些信息？Clue 1: hot dog + soda = 10线索1：热狗的花费+汽水的花费10美元Clue 2: hot dog - soda= 6线索2：热狗的花费汽水的花费6美元(2)Plan how to solve it:(2)打算如何解决问题：What method can you use?你会用什么方法？You can guess an answer for the first clue. Then you can check your guess with the second clue.针对第一个线索你可以猜测一个答案。然后你再用第二个线索检测你的猜测是否正确。(3)Solve it:(3)解决问题：How can you use this method to solve the problem?你如何用这种方法解决问题？You know that hot dog costs 6 than the soda. Use 6 as your first guess. Think about what two numbers could equal to. Make a table to organize your guesses.你知道热狗的价钱比汽水贵6美元。可以把6作为你的第一个猜测，同时想想两个数字相加等于多少。列出表格来组织你的猜测。What is the answer?结果是什么？Hot dog cost 8.热狗的价钱是8美元。Soda cost 2.汽水的价钱是2美元。(4)Look back and check your answer:(4)回过头来再检验你的答案：Is your answer reasonable?你的答案合理吗？Clue 1: hot dog + soda = 10线索1：热狗的价钱+汽水的价钱10美元Check: 8+2=10检验：8+2=10Clue 2: hot dog - soda= 6线索2：热狗的价钱汽水的价钱6美元Check: 8-2 =6检验：8-2=6The answer matches the clues. The answer is reasonable.答案和线索相符合。答案是合理的。Guess Check Evaluate猜测 检查 评估6+4= 10 6 is only 2 more than 4. 6 is too low.6+4= 10 6只比4多2。 6太小了。7+3=10 7 is only 4 more than 3. 7 is too low.7+3=10 7只比3多4。 7 太小了。8+2=10 8 is 6 more than 2. 8 is correct.8+2=10 8比2多6。 8是正确的。How to Decorate a T-Shirt怎样装饰T恤Materials:材料：1.1 white T-shirt1. 一件白色T恤2. 8 in. 8 in. piece of drawing paper2. 一张8英寸x 8英寸的绘图纸3. Pen or pencil3. 钢笔或者铅笔4. 2 safety pins4. 两个安全别针5. transfer paper (Note: Transfer paper comes in a roll like waxed paper, so you can share a roll with your friends.)5. 转印纸（注：转印纸是一种像蜡纸的卷纸，所以你可以和你的朋友共同用一卷转印纸）6. 3 or 4 felt-tipped pens in different colors (Note: Felt-tipped pens come with different-size tips. Use one with a thin tip to make outlines. Use pens with wider tips to fill in large spaces.)6. 三四支不同颜色的墨水笔（注：墨水笔是笔尖大小尺寸不等的一种笔，用笔尖细的画出轮廓，用笔尖粗的画大空间部分。）Below are the steps you will follow.以下是你制作的步骤。1. Use a pen or pencil to draw your picture, design, or letters on the piece of drawing paper. Your drawing should be outline. Do not fill it in. If you are printing letters, make sure they are in a straight line.1. 在绘图纸上用铅笔或钢笔画出你的设计或字母图形。你要画一个轮廓，不要填充。如果要印字母，务必用直线书写字母。2. Now place your T-shirt on a hard surface. Make sure the front is smooth. Then lay a piece of transfer paper where you want your drawing to go. Make sure the piece of transfer paper is as big or bigger than the drawing paper.2. 现在把你的T恤放在一个硬表面上。确保硬物表面平滑。接下来，你想让你的画在T恤的哪个部位，就把一张转印纸放在那个位置。注意转印纸要和绘图纸大小相等，或者比绘图纸大。3. Place your drawing over the transfer paper. Put one safety pin through the top of the drawing paper, the transfer paper, and the T-shirt. Put a second safety pin through the bottom of the drawing paper, the transfer paper, and the T-shirt. The pins will keep the two papers from moving.3. 把你的画放在转印纸上。用一个安全别针把绘图纸、转印纸和T恤三者的上部别在一起。用另一个安全别针别住三者的底部。别针可以防止纸张滑动。4. Use the thin-tipped pen to go over the outline of your drawing or letters. Press firmly.4. 用细笔头的钢笔描你的画或者字母的轮廓，用力描。5. Remove the safety pins and drawing paper. You will see the outline of your drawing on the T-shirt. If the drawing isnt dark enough, trace over it again.5. 把安全别针和绘图纸移走，你就会看到画的轮廓已经在T恤上了。如果图画不是很清晰，可以再描一遍。6. Use the colored felt-tipped pens to add color and details. The last step is the most fun. Enjoy wearing your new T-shirt!6. 用彩色墨水笔填充颜色和补充细节，最后一个环节是最有趣的。穿上自己设计的T恤尽情享受吧！Words and Phrases 单词和短语drawing paper 绘图纸safety pin 安全别针transfer paper 复写纸，转印纸waxed paper 蜡纸felt-tipped pen 标签笔，毡头墨水笔outline autlain n. 提纲，概要；外形，轮廓，略图straight line 直线trace over 描出Make a Drum做 鼓You and your friend can each make a drum and drumsticks. Your drum can be simple or fancy. Its up to you.你和你的朋友可以一人做一面鼓和一对鼓槌。至于做得简单还是别致，全在你个人。The most important thing you need to make a drum is a box with a lid. The box should be round and made from cardboard. An empty oatmeal box works well. The box will vibrate, or shake, like a drum.做一面鼓最重要的是你必须有一个带盖子的盒子。这个盒子必须是圆的，而且是由硬纸板做的。一个空的燕麦片盒子就是不错的选择。这个盒子还必须能像鼓一样振动。You will also need these thing:除此之外，你还需要下列材料：1. Two new, unsharpened pencils1. 两个新的没有削过的铅笔2. Aluminum foil2. 铝箔3. Tempera paint and a small paintbrush3. 蛋彩画颜料和小的画笔4. Colored construction paper4. 彩色美术纸5. Glitter, or other shiny things5. 小发光物或其它明亮的小东西6. Glue6. 胶水7. Heavy cord or string7. 粗线或细线8. Art apron or old shirt8. 围裙或旧衬衫9. Old newspapers9. 旧报纸Make the drumsticks first. Wrap each pencil in foil. Put the drumsticks away until you have finished making your drum.先做鼓槌。把两支铅笔用铝箔纸包起来，鼓槌就做好了。然后，把鼓槌放在一边，再做你的鼓。Put on your apron. Spread old newspaper on your worktable. Now you are ready to decorate your drum.围上围裙，把旧报纸铺在工作台上，接下来就准备做鼓了。First, paint the outside of the box but not the lid. Let the box dry.首先，用颜料涂盒子的外部，但不涂盖子。然后，晾干盒子。Next, cut out a round piece of colored paper to cover the box lid. Glue the paper to the lid. Cut out extra pieces of colored paper to decorate the sides. Glue the pieces to the sides of the drum. You may want to glue glitter or other shiny objects on your drum, too.接下来，从彩色纸上剪出一块圆形盖在纸盒的盖子上，用胶水把彩纸与盖子粘在一起。再剪出几片彩纸用来装饰盒子的侧面，并把它们粘在盒子的侧面。这时，你也可以用胶水把小发光物和明亮的小物品粘到鼓上。Now you need to make a cord for your drum. The cord lets you hang the drum around your neck while you use your drumsticks. Hold one end of the cord at your waist. Pull the other end around your neck. Let it fall to your waist again. Cut the cord.现在你需要为你的鼓做一根绳，以便你敲鼓的时候可以把鼓挂在脖子上。把绳子的一端系在腰上，把另一端绕在脖子上，让它自然下垂到腰际，剪断绳子。Ask an adult to help you punch one hole on each side of your box. The holes should be about one inch below the lid. Thread the cord through one hole. Tie two knots in the cord outside the hole. Thread the other end of the cord through the second hole. Tie two knots in the cord.请一位成年人帮你在盒子的两侧各打一个小孔。孔的位置应该在盖子下1寸左右的位置。把线穿过一个小孔，在小孔外面打两个结，把线的另一头穿过第二个小孔，也在线上打两个结。Now the drum is ready. Hang the drum around your neck. Use your drumsticks to practice drumming. You may form a small band with your friends if you wish.这时鼓就做好了。把鼓挂在你的脖上，用你的鼓槌击鼓。如果你愿意，你也可以和你的朋友组建一个小乐队。Words and Phrases 单词和短语drumstick drmstik n. 鼓槌cardboard k:db:d n. 硬纸板oatmeal utmi:l n. 燕麦片vibrate vaibreit v. 振动，颤动aluminum lju:minm n. 铝foil fil n. 箔，金属薄片tempera tempr n. 蛋彩画paintbrush peintbr n. 画笔construction paper 彩色美术纸；建筑用纸glitter glit n. （装饰用）小发光物；闪粉glue glu n. 胶水；vt. 用胶水将物体粘合apron eiprn n. 围裙worktable w:kteibl n. 工作台decorate dekreit vt. 装饰knot nt n 结；vt. 打结，缠结How to Write a Friendly Letter如何写信A person writes to someone he or she know