新编英国文学选读上 所有作者作品简介复习资料.doc

John WycliffFather of English proseReform the church to away with the corruption and rottenness; translate Bible into standard English; maintain church must not interfere in temporal matters; fixes a national standard for English prose to replace various dialects.William LanglandpoetThe Vision of Piers Plowman(takes form of allorgory but gives realistic picture of 14th century)Sir Thomas MalorypoetLe Morte dArthur/The Death of ArthurGoeffrey Chaucerthe father of English poetryborn in rising family, join army then prisoned. smooth in political life.1st imitated French poetry and translated French poem, influenced by Italian,famous for his tales by linksThe Book of Duchess, Troilus and Cryseyde, The Parliament of Fowls, The House of Fame, The Canterbury TalesRenaissanceEdmund Spenser“the poets poet”born poor, became part of noble family, secretary of influential political members, queen son-in-law, boss burn down, he die in poorThe Shepheards Calender(poem in 12parts, Virgils verse dialogues, different descriptions of the English countryside, theme of love, poetry, religion);The Faerie Queene(allegorical romance, 7 deadly sins)Christopher MarloweThe greatest of pioneers of English drama in Renaissancehave been cooperate with Shakespeare.write all tragedies, works are remarkable for their imagination, burning passion, sensuous richness, variety of pace and response to varying emotions. his verse is known for its stateliness and its poetic beauty. Perfect blank-verseTamburlaine the Great(1587,Tamburlaine represent the Renaissance desire for infinite power and authority); The Tragic History of Doctor Faustus(1592, reflect the desire for infinite knowledge and express his atheism and patriotism, conforms with the orthodox teachings of the church)William ShakespeareThomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanism.rich,help father of his shop, 18 married. left native town,a rising actor, disappear, write plays2 narrative poems: Venus and Adonis(1593),The Rape of Lucrece(1594)1st period of experimentation about history plays and comedies(imitation of exciting plays, by the spirit of youthfulness and rich imagination): King Henry VI(3parts, Richard III(1593),Two Gentlemen of Verona(1594), Loves Labour Lost(1594)2nd period show more careful and artistic work, better plot and a marked increase in the knowledge of human nature: Midsummer Nights Dream(1595); Romeo and Juliet(1596); The Merchant of Venice(1597); two parts of Henry IV( As You Like It(1598), Julius Caesar(1599); Henry V(1599)3rd period of gloom and depression: Hamlet(1601), Othello(1604),King Lear(1605),Macbeth(1605)4th period of restored serenity, a calm after storm: The Winters Tale(1610), The Tempest(1611)17th centuryFrancis BaconThe first important essayist and the founder of modern science in Englandchief figure in 1700-1750, father is Lord, be a Lord but corruption and dismissed. pursuit of literary and scientific works; stress the importance of experience, or experiment, which is oppoed to common belief in Middle Ages,58essays. his essays are famous for their brevity, compactness and powerfulnessOf Truth, Of Friendship, Of RichesJohn DonneCatholic family. write religious sermons and poems; love lyrics with both positive(purify love as sth holy) and nagetive attitude(cynical tone to satirize womens inconstancy反复无常).Representetive of Metaphysical poetsSongs and SonnetsGeorge Herbertpoetfollows John DonneThe TempleBen Jonsonalso a dramastist,representitve of CavaliersRobert Herrickpoetfollows Ben JonsonHesperidesJohn Miltonchief Puritan poet, enthusiasm of bougeois revolution & bitter hatred for the despotic ruler；allusion to classic works, Miltonic style。LAllegro; Il Penseroso; The Defence of the English People; Paradise Lost（his greatest poetical work，allusion.the only generally acknowledged epic in English literarure since Beowulf.）John Bunyanchief puritan writer of prose, not have much education， real picture of true life, satire at ruling classesThe Pilgrims Progress（allegory and drama）;the Vanity FairJohn DrydenThe most distinguished literary figure of the 17thcentury . a critic, poet, and playwrightone of the leading writers in the Restoration period.support revolution, verse satires in heroic coupletsAn Essay of Dramatic Poesy18th CenturyDenial Defoe Father of English novelPioneer novelist; born in middle class; travel as a merchant; bankrupt; writing for living; work as a spy, then imprisoned and become Tory. Robinson Crusoe(1719).sings the praise of labour.beautify the colonialism and slavery, Captain Singleton(1720), Moll Flander(1722)expose the inner world of a criminal who is faced with the difficult choice between starvation and Puritan moral principle, A Journal of the Plague Year(1722), Colonel Jack(1722), Roxana(1724)R.C from Alexander Selkirk of the first write believable character using simple prose one Daniel Defoe describes it as a typical English middle-class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist. Jonathan Swift cynic & misanthropeprose satirist proper words in proper placeFather die, know humiliation in his youth; early death of lover;whig to Tory;2 satirical essay: The Battle of Books(literary people concerning values of ancient or modern); A Tale of the Tub(the Roman Catholic Church; the Church of England; dissenters)The Draipers Letters (expose the blatant act of robbery); A Modest Proposal(satire on the policy of English government towards the Irish people) Gullivers Travels(4. Hero to strange places)Joseph Addison Richard SteeleDramatist and playwright Both on Whig side, educated the newly middle class, noted for graceThe Tatler(1709) The Spectator(1712)a.236 essays The Guardian(1713)a.51essaysAlexander PopePoetCatholic;early unhappy ex.-strong reation to criticism;translate Homers poems; composing satirical poetry in heroic coupletPastorals(1709); Essay on Criticism(1711); The Rape of the Lock(1712); The Dunciad(1728); An essay on Man; Imitations of HoraceSamuel JohnsonpoetConsevative, against all reformA Dictionary of the English Language; The Rambler(1752);The Adventurer; The Idler; The Perface to Shakespeare; The Lives of the PoetsHenry FieldingGood, wealthy born; as playwrite, drama, turn to law, write political pamphelets, then novel composition; create a new genre ”comic epics” in prose; a return to nature,8 long plays and over15short ones4 novels: Joseph Andrews(1742); Tom Jones(1749) ; Jonathan Wild the Great(1743); Amelia(1751) Shamela-(parody egao) Pamela; The History of Tom Jones(best constructed novel)Thomas GrayRepresentitive new-ideas poet in neo-classicism; crave for sth more natural and spontaneous in thought and language; express emotion and sentiments in poetry, reaweakening