否定句结构.doc

一、全部否定 全部否定通常由含有全部否定意义的词，如 no, none, nobody, nowhere, no one, never, neither, nor 等加上表示肯定意义的谓语动词构成。例如： 1. We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us.(MET1991) A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. on one; any 析：根据句意“我们不能在餐馆吃饭”，可推测后句为“因为我们谁也没带钱”。 no one 虽能表示全部否定，但其后不能跟 of 短语。所以该题选 C 。类似试题： (1)They were all tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest.(NMET1995) A. any B. some C. none D. neither (2)Both teams were in hard training; _ was willing to lose the game. （上海 2001 ） A. either B. neither C. another D. the other 注意：“否定谓语 + 不定代词 any/either 等”也可构成全部否定。例如： We wont buy any of the books. 我们不会买任何一本书。 二、部分否定 部分否定是由表示总括意义的词如 all, both, every, each, everything, everybody 以及 always, completely, entirely, wholly 等加上否定词 not, never 等构成的，含有“不全是、并非都”等意思。例如： I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with_. (NMET1997) A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing 析：由前一句“你说的我绝大部分同意”可推知后半句应为“但我并不是每一个细节都同意”。在所给的四个选项中只有 everything 与 not 连用才能构成部分否定。故选 A 。再如： All that glitters is not gold. （莎士比亚语） =Not all that glitters is gold. 闪闪发光的未必都是金子。 三、延续否定 延续否定是在前文否定的基础上，再追加一个或数个否定的句子或结构，以补充说明已经否定的人或物的情况。其结构为“否定句 +neither/nor+ 助动词 + 主语 + ”，或者是“ not or ”等。例如： 1. Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? I dont know and _. (MET1991) A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care, neither D. I dont care also 析： I dont know 已是一个否定句，而后面又紧跟一个否定句，进一步说明主语的态度，整句意为：我不知道，也不关心。答案为 B 。 2. I dont like chicken_ fish. I dont like chicken, _ I like fish very much.(MET1993) A. and; and B. and; but C. or; and D. or; but 析：当同时否定两者时，若重复否定词，则用 and 连接，如： I like no chicken and no fish. 若只在前边加否定词，则用 or 连接。由于后一句不是延续否定，故使用 but 表示转折。答案为 D 。 四、半（部分）否定 当句中出现含有否定意义的词，如 little, few, seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, barely 等时，该句就构成半否定句；当这些半否定词置于句首时要采取部分倒装。例如： Little_ about his own safety, though he was in great danger. （上海 1994 ） A. does he care B. did he care C. he cares D. he cared 析：表否定意义的词 little, never, seldom, hardly 等用于句首时句子要倒装。根据语境，此处应该用过去时态。答案为 B 。 2._ got into the room, _ the telephone rang. (MET1988) A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; when C. He had not; than D. Not had he; when 析： hardly when 是个常见句型，意为“一就”。当 hardly 位于句首时句子也应倒装，但 hardly 也可放在句中，这时不倒装，即： He had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang. 答案为 B 。 五、否定转移 当主句中含有动词 think, believe, expect, feel, guess, imagine, suppose 等时，其后宾语从句的否定词往往转移到主句的谓语动词上。如： I dont think he is right. （我认为他不对。）从近年高考试题来看重点在于考查一些简略答语中的否定转移问题。例如： 1. Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? _.(NMET1994) A. I dont believe B. I dont believe it C. I believe not so D. I believe not 析：此题考查的是表达个人看法时的日常交际用语，肯定回答为： I believe so 否定回答有两种： I believe not. 或 I dont believe so. 答案为 D 。 2. The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they? _. （北京 2003 春招） A. I guess not so B. I dont guess C. I dont guess so D. I guess not 析：根据习惯， guess, hope, be afraid 的否定答语只有一种形式，即： I guess/hope/am afraid not. 而不能说： I dont guess/hope so. 也就是说这几个词不能否定转移。答案为 D 。 六、特指否定 含有非谓语动词否定形式的句子，叫作特指否定句，其否定形式是在其前加 not/never. 例如： 1. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose the job.(MET1990) A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to 析： so as to do sth. 表目的时相当于 in order to do sth，其否定式为 so as not to do sth. 。答案为 B 。 2. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after drinking.(MET1991) A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive 析： warn 后接不定式作补语，“警告某人不要干某事”应说： warn sb. not to do sth.。答案为 A 。 3._ a reply, he decided to write again. (MET1992) A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 析：根据语境可知，“没收到