教案--直接引语和间接引语.doc

乐优乐佳教育 姓名侯忠平学生姓名 填写时间2012/10/13学科英语年级必修1教材版本人教版阶段观察期：第（ 1 ）周 维护期课时统计第（ 25 ，26）课时共（ ）课时课题名称必修1 Unit 1语法知识点上课时间2012/10/15教学目标同步教学知识内容必修1 Unit 1语法知识点个性化学习问题解决必修1 Unit 1语法知识点教学重点必修1 Unit 1语法知识点教学难点必修1 Unit 1语法知识点教学过程 Unit 1 FriendshipStep 1.Key grammar 重点语法讲解：直接引语和间接引语（I）引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式：一种是原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语（direct speech）；另一种是用自己的话加以转述，这叫间接引语（indirect speech）.间接引语在多数情况下相当于一个宾语从句.(一)：句型对应变化规则直接引语变间接引语时，句型要作适当变化 1、变陈述句为由 that 引导的从句（that 常省略） e.g. I want to improve my English at school, said the child. The child said (that) he wanted to improve his English at school. 2、变一般疑问句为由 if/whether 引导的从句 e.g. Are you sure he will come today? Jenny asked Helen. Jenny asked Helen if/whether she was sure he would come that day. 3、变选择疑问句为由 whether.or./whether.or not 引导的从句 e.g. Is he a director or an actor? she asked me. She asked me whether he was a director or an actor. 4、变反意问句时，要视说话者的语气而定： (1) 表示疑问时，先需去掉后面的反意问句部分，再按一般疑问句变化。 e.g. You havent finished your composition, have you? the teacher said to me. The teacher asked me if I had finished my composition. (2) 表示提醒或警告等特别语气时，先按陈述句变化，再把间接引语前的动词更 换为表示相应语气的动词 remind，warn 等。 e.g. Youre late for class, arent you? the teacher said angrily to me. The teacher warned me that I was late for class. Its time for you to school, isnt it? Mother said to my brother. Mother reminded my brother that it was time for him to go to school. 5、变特殊疑问词开头的问句为原特殊疑问词引导的从句 e.g. When did you come here? Tom asked Jim. Tom asked Jim when he had gone there. 6、直接引语是祈使句时 间接引语为不定式，作 ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise 等动词的宾语补足语（dont 变为 not ）. The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.The teacher told the boy to open the window. His father said to him, Dont leave the door open.His father told him not to leave the door open. 注意 A、 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用 suggest ,insist 等动词 加以转 述。e.g. He said, Lets go to the theatre. He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或 He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre. B、 Would you mind opening the window? he asked. He asked me to open the window. Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked . he advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked. He suggested listening to the music. 7、变感叹句为 how 或 what 引出的从句，也可用 that 引出从句 e.g. How clever a boy he is. the teacher said to the mother. The teacher told the mother how clever a boy he was.或 The teacher told the mother that he was a clever boy. 8、直接引语是多个句子时，按其句型特点，用上面的方法分别处理，并用 and 连接 e.g. Mrs. Smith said, I dont know the way to the station. How can I get there? Mrs. Smith said that she didnt know the way to the station and asked me how she could get there. 9、若直接引语是 Whats the matter?/ What has happened?/ Whats wrong with.?时，变成间接引语语序不变。 e.g. Whats the matter? said he. He asked me what was the matter. (二)：人称代词的变化 直接引语变间接引语时， 人称代词的变化一般规律是： 第一人称第三人称； 第二人称第一人称；第三人称第三人称，简记为“二一、一三、三留” 。 e.g. Im thinking of changing my address. he said. He said that he was thinking of changing his address.(I 和 he 指同一个人) Xiao Ming asked me, Are you going to the park with us? Xiao Ming asked me if I was going to the park with them.(us 与 them 指相 同的人，Xiao Ming 是其中的一员；me 和 you 指同一个人) Mr. Li said, She will attend the meeting. Mr. Li said that she would attend the meeting.(Mr. Li 和 she 不是同一个人) 但当说话者是第一人称，直接引语中的主语也是第一人称时，不作变化。 e.g. I said to my children, I will give you some presents on Christmas Day. I told my children I would give them some presents on Christmas Day.(I 为 同一说话者) （三）：时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化规律是往“过去”相应的时态推移： 一般现在时一般过去时， 一般将来时过去将来时， 现在进行时过去进行时， 现在完成时过去完成时，一般过去时/过去完成时过去完成时。 e.g. My father told me, He will come back next week. My father told me that he would come back the next week. She asked me, Did you finish your homework? She asked me if I had finished my homework. 要注意，直接引语属下列情况时，时态不作变化： 1、直接引语属真理或客观事实时 e.g. The teacher said to us, Light runs much faster than sound. The teacher told us light runs much faster than sound. 2、主句谓语动词是现在或将来某个时态 e.g. The old man often says, I joined the Red Army when I was young. The old man often says that he joined the Red Army when he was young. 3、直接引语带有具体的过去时间状语时 e.g. The politics teacher said to us, The party was founded in 1921. The politics teacher told us that the party was founded in 1921. 4、直接引语谓语有情态动词had better，would rather 及 need，must，ought to 等时 e.g. He said to me, I would rather live in the countryside. He told me that he would rather live in the countryside. 5、直接引语为虚拟语气谓语时 e.g. She said, I would be happy if I were a bird. She said that she would be happy if she were a bird.6、如果直接引语中含有 since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接 引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。e.g.： He said to me, I have taught English since he came here . He told me that he had taught English since he came here. (四)、其他词语的变化 直接引语 间接引语 (前者直接引语中的词，后者相应变成间接引语的变化词)this, these that, those Here, there Now, then today, that daytonight, that night this evening, that evening last week, the week before Tomorrow, the next/following day Yesterday, the day beforenext week/month/year, the next week/month/year Ago, before Come, go e.g. She said, I will come here again tomorrow. She said that she would go there again the next day. 但要注意，如果在当时转述别人话，不必要改变时间状语；在原地转述别人 的话，也不必改变地点状语，同样，come 也不一定要改为 go e.g. John said just now, I came here yesterday. John said just now that he came here yesterday. Step 2 Do some exercises一. 改写句子（把直接引语改为间接引语） 1. “I am having supper,” he said. 改为：He said that _ _ having supper. 2. “Ive seen the film,” Gina said to me. 改为：Gina _ me that _ _ _ the film. 3. “I went home with my sister,” she said. 改为：She said that _ _ _ home with her sister. 4. The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.” 改为：The teacher said that the sun _ bigger than the moon. 5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. 改为：He told me that he _ _ her _ _ _. 6. “You must come here before five,” he said. 改为：He said that I _ to go _ before five. 7. “Were you born in 1979?” he said. 改为：He _ me _ I _ born in 1979. 8. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.” 改为：He _ Jim that he _ _ _. 9. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” 改为：He asked his mother _ _ _ _ it.10. “Where have you been these da