词类专项(小升初).doc

一.教学内容：词类专项练习 二. 重点、难点：名词、代词、冠词、形容词、副词、数词、介词用法【典型例题】【名词】例1（1）How far is your school from here? Not very far. Its about twenty _ walk. A. minutesB. minutesC. minutesD. minute （2）It is about _ from the school to my home. A. ten minutes walkB. ten minutes walk C. ten minutes s walkD. ten minutes walk 分析：上述两题考查名词所有格的构成及用法。由句意可知空格处所填内容是表示距离的名词，选项中的名词minute和walk存在所有关系，因此必须用名词的所有格。名词所有格的s也可以加在一个短语之后，若该短语最后一个名词的词尾是-s，则只加“”。如：an hours ride, two weeks time。因而（1）、（2）小题答案均为B。 例2 Have you seen _ at the foot of the hill? A. any sheep B. some sheeps C. any sheepsD. some sheep 分析：此题考查名词复数的特殊例子。sheep的单复数同形；any一般用在疑问句和否定句里，some用在肯定句里。 答案：A 例3Who is the man in the blue car? He is _father. A. Kates and Marys B. Kate and Marys C. Kate and Mary D. of Kate and Mary 分析：本题考查名词所有格的构成及方法。两个并列的所有格，只给第二个名词加“s”。答案：B例4 （哈尔滨市，2003）Where is Tom？ Hes left a _ saying that he has something important to do. A. excuseB. messageC. exerciseD. news 分析：此题考查名词的用法，由a知道选项A、C、D不行，故选B。 解后反思 an excuse（一个借口），an exercise（一个练习），news（新闻）是不可数名词。 例5 （天津市，2003）He had something to write down and asked me for _ . A. a paperB. some papersC. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper 分析：此题考查不可数名词的用法。paper“纸”讲时是不可数名词，故A、B、C可排除。答案：选D 解后反思 paper当“试卷”、“文件”讲时是可数名词。类似的词还有：fish，chicken等。 【代词】例1 用所给词的适当形式填空。 1）This isnt _ (I) book, it must be _ (you). 2）Is there any milk in the bottle? Yes, there is _ (little). 分析：第1小题第一空要用形容词性物主代词my，用于修饰名词book，第二空则要用名词性物主代词yours，相当于your book。第2小题应用a little表示肯定：“有一点儿”。 例2 There are many trees on_ of the road. A. both sideB. each sidesC. both sidesD. every side 分析：此题主要考查不定代词both, each和every的用法。both为“两者（都）”，作定语时，其后接复数名词；作主语时，要用复数谓语动词。either为“两者中间的任何一个（的）”，作定语时，后接单数可数名词；作主语时，要用单数谓语动词。every意为“每个（的）”，作定语，只用于三者或三者以上。又因马路road（river，street等）只有两侧，所以正确答案只能是C。 例3 1) “Help _ to some mooncakes”, Han Meimei said to the twins. A. youB. oneselfC. yourselfD. yourselves 2) Put on your clothes when you go out. Thank you. Mum. I can look after_. A. meB.IC. ourselvesD. myself 分析：这是一组考查反身代词用法的试题。反身代词在句中可作宾语、表语和同位语，不能单独使用、不能替代主格代词，但可用在主格代词后以加强语气。还常用于某些短语中，如：by oneself独自，enjoy oneself 玩得愉快，teach oneself 自学，help oneself to随便吃（用）等。因此以上二题答案均为D。 例4 （广东省，2003）There is _ with my computer. It doesn t work.A. nothing wrongB. anything wrongC. wrong somethingD. something wrong 分析：本题考查形容词与不定代词的位置关系，形容词修饰不定代词应放在不定代词之后，而anything用于否定句和疑问句，由It doesn t work知选D。 解后反思 考虑词的使用范围并结合语境是解决本题的关键。 【冠词】例1 选择填空 1）Give me_, please. A. a cup teaB. two cup of teaC. two cupD. two cups of tea 2）The teacher passed me _ paper. A. a pieceB. a piece ofC. piece ofD. a pair of 第1小题主要考查学生对可数名词与不可数名词的掌握情况，tea是不可数名词，不能用数量词直接修饰，但可以用容器表示量，表容器的名词可变为复数形式，即可以说two cups of tea，此题选D。第2小题答案选B。paper一词是不可数的，要表示“一张纸”，英语应为a piece of paper，不能说a paper。 例2 _ delicious food you have cooked! A. How aB. HowC. What aD. What 分析：不定冠词表示数量，类似“一”，修饰单数可数名词。不可数名词前不可用a、an修饰。在感叹句“What aan+ adj+ n+（主+谓）！”结构中，名词必是单数可数名词。若是不可数名词应用“What+ adj+ n+（主+谓）！”结构。句中food是不可数名词，故答案为D。 例3 （1）We always have_ rice for _lunch. A. /; /B. the; /C. /; aD. the; the （2）Its half past four in the afternoon. The students are playing _ basketball now. A. /B. anC. aD. the 分析：下列情况不用任何冠词：1）专用名词（John、England）、物质名词（food，rice，water）等前；2）一日三餐的名词前；3）在表示球类运动的名词前。因此第（1）小题正确答案应为A；第（2）小题答案为A。 例4 （天津市，2003）What s the matter with you？ I caught _ bad cold and had to stay in _ bed A. a, /B. a, theC. a, aD. the, the分析：本题考查冠词的用法和习惯表达。躺在床上译为stay in bed，而感冒译为catch cold或catch a cold，但cold有形容词修饰时则a不可省略。 答案：选A 【数词】例1 1) _ books must he produced for the children. A. Many thousandsB. Many thousands of C. Many thousand ofD. Many thousand 2) Weve planted _ trees in the centre of our city this year. A. hundredB. two hundredsC. hundred ofD .hundreds of 分析：本题考查数词的用法。当 thousand或 hundred做数词时，前面一般加数来修饰，其本身没有数的变化，且其后不跟of。当它们做名词时，其复数形式为thousands和hundreds，且构成thousands of和hundreds of，后接可数名词的复数形式。 答案分别为 B、D 例2 About _ of the workers in the clothes factory are women. A. third fifthsB. third fifthC. three fifthsD. three fifth 分析：此题主要考查英语的分数表示法。分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母的序数词后需加“s”。例如：1/3 one third；2/3：two thirds. 通过分析，知A、B、D三项均错，答案为C。 例3 July is _ month of the year. A. sevenB. the seventhC. eightD. the eighth 序数词用来表示数目的顺序，七月份是一年中的第七个月，第七个月的正确表达为the seventh month，所以此题的正确答案为B。 例4 （重庆市，2003）My favourite is getting stamps. I need _ before I have 2500 ones. A. more oneB. any moreC. one moreD. more than 分析：此题考查数词与more相结合的用法，数词+more表示还有（要），在此正好符合题意。 答案：选C 解后反思 more than是“多于”之意，any more用于否定句表示“不再”。 【形容词、副词】例1 In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll make.A. careful; littleB. more careful; less C. more careful; fewD. more careful; fewer 分析：“the+比较级，the+比较级”这个句型结构的意思是“越就越”或“愈是则愈是”。此结构中的比较级可以是形容词，也可以是副词。 答案：D 例2 Im not sure whether Mary can sing _ Mabel. A. as well asB. as good asC. so good asD. as better as 分析：此题考查了两个知识点：（1）副词和形容词用法的区别；（2）asas句式。句中的谓语动词是行为动词，应选副词。B、C项应排除. asas中间应用副词或形容词原级，所以答案应为A。 例3 Lets hope the things can get_. A. better and betterB. well and wellC. good and goodD. best and best 分析：答案为A。两个比较级并列在一起，表示“越来越”之意，此句主要考查比较级特殊句型“more and more”结构，该句式表示持续不断地变化，其动词常是become, be, get, grew等，又如：Spring has come. It is getting warmer and warmer. 例4 （甘肃省，2003）I am _. I want a piece of bread.A. fullB. hungryC. tiredD. thirsty 分析：此题在语境中考查形容词的用法。由后句意“我要一块面包”说明与“饿”有关，故选B。 例5 （天津市，2003）In our city，it s_ in July, but it is even _ in August. A. hotter, hottestB. hot, hotC. hotter, hotD. hot, hotter 分析：此题考查形容词及比较级的用法。前空应填原级，后空有even修饰要用比较级，故选D。 解后反思：如下几个形容词的比较级和最高级要双写最后的辅音字母再加-er或-est。big-bigger-biggest，hot-hotter-hottest，fat-fatter-fattest，thin-thinner-thinnest，wet-wetter-wettest。简记为：大（big），热（hot），湿纸（wet），谁肥（fat）瘦（thin）？（利用谐音记） 例6 （山西省太原市，2002）The little girl likes animals. When she heard I would take her to the zoo, she looked at me _ . A. happyB. happilyC. angryD. angrily 分析：由句意知C、D可以排除，又此句中look at是行为动词而不是连系动词，故选B 解后反思 形容词和副词都具有修饰作用，但是各自修饰的对象不同，形容词修饰名词，作定语，或在连系动词后作表语。而副词修饰行为动词，形容词或副词作状语。【介词】例1 用正确的介词填空。 1）The little girl is looking_ her mother. 2）Thank you _ your help. 3）Dont read _ bed. 4）Tom comes _ the USA. 第1小题要填for，因为look for是一个固定词组，表示寻找的行为。第 2小题填 for，既可说 Thanks for也可以说 Thank you for，for后接名词。第3小题填 in。表示“在床上”in bed，一般不说 on bed。第 4小题come from是一个固定短语，意思相当于be from，表示“来自”。 例2 China lies_ the east of Asia and _ the east of Japan. A. in; onB. to; toC. to; inD. in; to 解析：表示方位的介词in, on, to意义各不相同。在范围内的地方用in。China属于Asia范围内，故先用in；不在范围内的地方用to，若两地相连，则要用介词on, China和Japan不属同一范围且有海相隔，故选择to。因此答案为D。 【模拟试题】（答题时间：60分钟）名词1. There are forty _ in our school. A. women teachersB .teacher womenC. woman teachersD. women teacher 2. Mr. Li is one of _ in the hospital. A. most popular doctorsB. the most popular doctors C. most popular doctorD. the most popular doctor 3. The sign NO PHOTOS means that you cant _. A. take picturesB. bring in pictures C. buy any photosD. sell any photos 4. Some of the boys in _ are afraid of maths exams. A. Class ThreeB .the Class ThreeC. Three ClassD .the Three Class 5. Have you got any _ for us this time? A. pieces of messageB. piece of messages C. pieces of messagesD. messages 6. _, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. In a few years timeB. After a few years time C. In a few years timeD. After a few years time 7. Hong Kong is an SAR while Macao is another. So there are _ in China. A. both SARB. both SARSC. two SARD. two SARS 8. Look! There are _ stars up there in the _. A. thousands of; skyB. thousands of; air C. thousand of; skyD. thousand of; air 9. My father lived in _ for some ten years. A. city BeijingB. the Beijing city C. Beijing of cityD. the city of Beijing 10. Just from the _ I know its Liu Minjun. A. noiseB. voiceC. soundD .sing 11. Where are the other two students? Theyre in _. A. teachers officeB. teachers office C. the teacher officeD. the teachers office 12. How many _ have you next term? Let me see. Well have eight A. lessonB. subjectsC. daysD. class 13. My uncles full name is David Edward Hartpode. His family name is _. A. EdwardB. HartpodeC. DavidD. David Hartpode 14. He writes more carefully than _ in his class. A. any studentB. any other student C. any other studentsD. all students 15. This new kind _ can do half the work. A. of tractorB. tractorC. of a tractorD. a tractor 16. John is very happy to have a _ training. A. two weeksB. two-monthC. two-weeksD. two-months 17. My brother is always careless. He always makes _ A. mistakesB. mistakeC. mistookD. some mistake 18. Mr. Green is nearly _. A. two metres highB. two metres tall C. high two metresD. tall two metres 19. Mr. Smith is an _. A. EnglishB. English manC. EnglishmanD. Englishmen 20. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen; GermansB .Frenchmen; Germen C. German; FrenchmenD Germans; Frenchmans 代词1. _ the twins enjoyed _ at the party yesterday. A. Both; themB. Both; themselvesC. Neither; themD. All; themselves 2. Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a cup of tea? _, thanks. Id like just a cup of water. A. EitherB. NeitherC. BothD. None 3. Would you like _ milk in your tea? Yes, just _. A. any; littleB. some; a littleC. much; a fewD. a little; some 4. There is_ to do this evening. A. much nothingB. many nothingC. nothing muchD. nothing many 5. The two friends were so pleased to see each other that they forget _A. anything elseB. something elseC. nothing elseD. everything else 6. Is this your shoe? Yes, it is. But where is_? A. the othersB. anotherC. other oneD. the other one 7. What I want to say is _English is a very useful language. A. itB. thisC. thatD. those 8. They have an English lesson _ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday. A. each otherB. every otherC. some othersD. another more 9. We found_ very important to learn a foreign language well. A. thisB. thatC. itD. its 10. _ is Lily like? Oh, shes tall and thin. A. HowB. WhoC. Which D. What 11. Would you like milk or orange? _. I prefer water. A. Each B. NeitherC. EitherD. Both 12 .Oh, there is someone in the room. _ must be my mother. A. ThereB. SheC. ThisD. It 13. Betty and John have come back, but _ students in the class arent here yet. A. the otherB. othersC. anotherD. the others 14. _ of us has read the story. A. SomeB. BothC. AllD. None 15. Which of her parents is a doctor? _. A. AnyB. EitherC. BothD. All 16. I have bought a new watch because my old _ doesnt work. A. itB. oneC. thatD. this 17. Is this dictionary _ or _? Its mine. A. your; hersB. yours; herC. your; herD. yours; hers 18. There is _ water in my glass. Will you please give me _. A. little; someB. few; anyC. few; someD. little; any 19. _pencil-box is this, Patrick? Its _ A. Whose; mineB. Whos; mineC. Whose; myD. Whos; my 20. The pen is _. She wrote _ name with it _. A. hers; her; herselfB. her; hers; her C. her; hers; herselfD. her; herself; hers 冠词用适当的冠词填空，不需要冠词的空白处填“”1. Tomorrow is _ Teachers Day and well make _ card for our English teacher. 2. The bus is running about seventy miles_ hour. 3. Mary is interested in _ science. 4. Some people dont like to talk at _ table. 5. Last night I went to_ bed very late. 6. Dont worry. We still have _ little time left. 7. What _ beautiful day! And what _ fine weather! 8. In _ winter it is cold in _ Beijing and warm in _Shanghai. 9. John is_ cleverest boy in his class. 10. We cant live without _ water or _ air. 11. Tomorrow Mr. Smith will leave Paris, _capital of_ France, for Washington by_ air. 12. We were having_ lunch when they came in. 13. This is _ book you gave me last week. 14. What did you do _ last Saturday? 15. March 8 is _ Womens Day. 16. If _ weather is fine tomorrow, we will go to the park. 17. I prefer playing _ piano to playing _ basketball. 18. At _ age of five, he read a lot of books. 19. Tom and Lucy are of _ same age. 20. _ harder we study, _ more we learn. 数词l. September is the _ month of the year. A. eighthB. ninthC. tenthD. eleventh 2. The Peoples Republic of China was founded _ A. on October the first, 1949B. in October the first ,1949 C. on October one, 1949D. on October first one, 1949 3. There are _ days in a year. A. three hundreds and sixty-fiveB. three hundreds and fifty-six C. three hundreds of sixty-fiveD. three hundred and sixty-five 4. There are _ days in February. A. thirtyB. thirty-oneC. twenty-eightD. twenty-six 5. The film begins at 4:15. The right answer of “4:15” is _ A. four fifthB. fifteen fourC. four fifteenD. a quarter to four 6. _is seventy seven. A. forty and fourB. thirty-seven and forty C. forty or thirty-sevenD. seventy of seven 7. What row are you in? I am in _. A. Row OneB. Row FirstC. Row oneD. One Row 8. How many months are there in a year? There are _ A. elevenB. twelveC. twentyD. twelfth 9. At the age of _, he was a worker. A. twentyB. the twentyC. twentiethD. one 10. The Changjiang River is _ longest river in China. A. the firstB. the secondC. the thirdD. the fourth 形容词、副词根据A句完成B句，使两句句意一致。 1. A: Their football team is much stronger than the other two. B: Their football team is _ _ of the _. 2. A: I prefer science to any other subject. B: I like science _ _ any other subject. 3. A: Jane went shopping yesterday, and I went shopping, too. B: Jane went shopping yesterday and _ _ I. 4. A: This room is not big. It cant hold a lot of people. B: This room is not big_ _ hold so many people. 5. A: That machine doesnt work. B: There is_ _ with that machine. 6. A: The snow was very heavy last night. B: It _ _ last night. 7. A: His uncle no longer works here. B: His uncle _work here _ longer. 8. A: This is the most important thing at this moment. B: This thing is _ important than anything _ at this moment. 9. A: He was so angry that he couldnt say a word. B: He was _ angry _ say a word. 10. A: Zhang Tao speaks English better than any other student in his class. B: _ speaks English so _ as Zhang Tao. 介词用适当的介词填空 1. Youd better not go _ the forest. Its dangerous. 2. Which room are you going to live _? 3. The building is _ fire. Therere some people _ the top floor.4. Before 1990 there was no airline _ the two cities. 5. Its not good to come late _ school. 6. Whats wrong _ your bike? 7. Thank you very much _ coming to see me. 8. I couldnt finish it _ your help. 9. Dont laugh _ others mistakes. 10. Do the twins look _ their father? 11.