线损基础资料.doc

第一章 导线的选择第一节 按经济电流密度选择1、根据经济电流密度选择导线截面的计算公式如下： SP/(1.7321jUHCOS)其中：S为导线截面，P为送电功率，UH为额定电压，j为经济电流密度，COS为功率因数。我国现行经济电流密度(A)如表112、按经济电流密度选择导线截面通常考虑510年的发展。表11 架空线路经济电流密度表（单位：A/mm2）导线材料最大负荷利用小时3000小时以下30005000小时5000小时以上铝1.651.150.9铜3.02.251.753、铝、钢芯铝绞线单位电压、单位导线截面的经济输送容量（kVA）如表12.表12 架空线路经济经济输送容量（单位：kVA /kVmm2）导线材料最大负荷利用小时3000小时以下30005000小时5000小时以上铝2.85791.99191.55894、最大负荷利用小时大于5000时各电压、各截面导线经济输送容量(MVA/mm2)如表13导线截面162535507095120150185240300400电流（A）13.522.331.5456385.4108134166.4216270360电压kV0.380.0090.0150.0210.03060.140.2310.3280.4660.6540.8851.12100.2490.3880.5440.7781.091.481.87351.9152.723.675.166.538.14101108.612.116.320.625.631.64151.468.822063.282103137第二节 按电压损失校验导线截面表14 380伏线路电压降10%时的负荷矩（kWkm）COS10.950.90.850.80.750.7T43.13.03.02.92.92.82.8T64.74.54.44.44.34.24.2T107.87.47.16.96.76.66.4T161210.810.4109.89.49.1T2519.516.815.715.014.413.413.0T3526.821.820.419.017.817.016LJ167.36.96.76.56.46.36.1LJ2511.410.410.09.69.49.18.8LJ3515.914.013.412.812.311.811.4LJ502319.518.017.216.215.614.8只有当电压为6、10kV以下，而且导线截面在95m2以下的线路才进行电压损失校验，7095的导线用加大截面来降低电压损失效果不大显著，而且会引起投资及有色金属的增加。而采用静止电容器或带负荷调压变压器以及其它措施比较合适，但应进行技术经济比较确定。线路允许电压损失应视线路首端的实际电压水平确定，对于线路末端受电器（如电动机、变压器等），一般允许低于其额定电压的5%，个别情况下（如故障等）允许低于7.510%，如果首端电压高于额定电压10%，则线路允许电压损失15%。按电压降10%计算，负荷矩见表1416。6、10kV线路在电压降为10%时的负荷矩（kWkm） 电压 COS导线型号6kV10kV1.00.950.90.850.80.750.71.00.950.90.850.80.750.7LGJ1618361724167216301580155015205100478046404520438043004240LGJ2528402590246623842300223021607880714068406620640062006020LGJ35396034603300316030202900279011000960091608760840080607760LGJ50572048004440418040003780360015900133001230011600111001050010000LGJ70800063205800562050004740444022200175001610015600140001320012500LGJ951090081407280666061605720532030300226002020018500171001590014800LGJ1201332094808340756069206240592037000232002320021000192001760016400 35、110kV线路在电压降为10%时的负荷矩（MWkm） 电压 COS导线型号35kV110kV1.00.950.90.850.80.750.71.00.950.90.850.8LGJ35135117110104999591LGJ5019516014713712912311619201580142013401260LGJ7027220919017416215114126902040184016901570LGJ9537126523421219417916635602580227020501880LGJ12045330626623821619818244802980258023002090LGJ15058336230827224422220257603510298026202350LGJ18572041534630226924221971204010333029002580LGJ24090604630376032202840LGJ300113005180413035003070LGJ400151005950463038803350第三节 按机械强度校验导线截面为了保证架空线路必要的安全机械强度，对于跨过铁路、通航河流和运河、公路、通讯线路、居民区的线路，其导线截面不得小于35mm2，通过其它地区的导线截面，按线路类型分，见下表。按机械强度要求的导线最小容许截面（mm2）架空线路等级（只能用多股）I 类(35kV以上)II类(135kV)III 类(1kV以下)截面（mm2）251616第四节 按发热校验导线截面选定导线的截面，必须根据可能出现的各种正常运行方式和事故运行方式的送电容量进行发热校验。在正常情况下，铝导线的温度不超过70, 在事故情况下，铝导线的温度不超过90.按铝导线70，导线周围空气温度为25时计算输电线路持续容许负荷见下表。如果最热月份导线周围空气平均温度不同于25,可用表 进行修正。 输电线路持续容许负荷（MVA）导线型号持续容许电流（A）电压 （kV）0.3861035110220LGJ161050.0691.09LGJ251350.0891.402.32LGJ351700.1121.762.9410.3LGJ502200.1442.283.8013.3LGJ702750.1812.854.7616.652.4LGJ953350.2193.455.7520.163.3LGJ1203800.2503.946.5723.072.3LGJ1504454.627.7026.984.6LGJ1855155.348.9131.298.0196LGJ24061036.9116232LGJ300710135270LGJ400845161322LGJ500966367LGJ6001090414LGJ7001250476在不同周围空气温度下的修正系数周围空气温度510152025303540铝质导线的修正系数1.21.151.111.051.00.940.880.81第五节 按电晕校验导线截面在高压输电线路中，导线周围会产生很强的电场，当电场强度达到一定值时，导线周围的空气发生游离，形成放电，这种放电现象就是电晕。在高海拔地区的110kV220kV及以上线路的导线截面，往往电晕条件在起主要作用。另外，电晕不但造成电能损失，还对载波通信和无线电通信有很大干扰，下表是武汉高压研究所推荐：在年平均电晕损失不大于线路损失20%，导线表面电场强度不大于临界电场强度的85%时，可不必验算电晕的导线最小直径。 不必验算电晕的导线最小直径（mm） 额定电压（kV） 110220330参考海拔（m）1.0外径7.618.6217.20相应导线型号LGJ35LGJ185LGJ18520.89外径9.121.42201120相应导线型号LGJ50LGJ240LGJ24020.79外径10.624.8224.52270相应导线型号LGJ70LGJJ300LGJJ30020.7外径12.028.5229.33440相应导线型号LGJ95LGJJ400LGJJ5002无功电源和有功电源都是保证系统电能质量和安全供电所不可缺少的。无功电源不足会使系统电压降低，损坏设备。严重时会使系统崩溃瓦解，造成大面积停电。当变电所或用户的力率降低时，会造成以下问题：（1）电气设备不能充分利用；（2）电能损耗增加、效率降低；增加电压损失，限制线路的送电能力。因此，提高用户力率是保证系统安全、经济运行的措施之一。表5 380220V架空线路功率损失常数(MW(MVAR)/(MW)2km)导线型号导线阻抗/km功率因数 (cos)0.850.80.750.70.65电阻电抗KpKqKpKqKpKqKpKqKpKqTJ-63.060.41629.33.9933.14.5037.75.1243.25.8850.26.82TJ-101.840.40017.63.8319.94.3322.74.9226.05.6530.26.56TJ-161.200.37611.53.6013.04.0714.84.6317.05.3119.76.16TJ-250.740.3637.093.488.013.939.114.4710.55.1312.15.95TJ-350.540.3525.183.375.843.816.654.337.634.978.855.77LJ-161.960.35818.83.4321.23.8824.14.4027.75.0632.15.87LJ-251.270.34412.23.3013.73.7215.64.2418.04.3720.85.64LJ-350.910.3388.723.249.853.6611.24.1512.94.7614.95.54LJ-500.630.3226.043.096.823.417.763.968.94.5510.35.27LJ-700.450.3124.312.994.873.385.543.846.354.417.355.10表6 6kV架空线路功率损失常数(kW(kVAR)/(MW)2km)导线型号导线阻抗/km功率因数 (cos)0.90.850.80.750.7电阻电抗KpKqKpKqKpKqKpKqKpKqLGJ-161.960.40467.213.975.315.585.118.096.820.011123.0LGJ-251.270.39043.613.448.815.055.116.962.719.272.022.1LGJ-350.910.38031.213.135.014.639.516.444.918.751.621.5LGJ-500.630.36821.612.624.014.227.316.031.118.035.720.9LGJ-700.450.35815.412.217.313.519.515.322.217.425.520.0LGJ-950.330.34211.311.712.713.114.314.816.316.918.719.4LGJ-1200.270.3359.2511.510.412.911.714.513.316.515.319.0表7 10kV架空线路功率损失常数(kW(kVAR)/(MW)2km)导线型号导线阻抗/km功率因数 (cos)0.90.850.80.750.7电阻电抗KpKqKpKqKpKqKpKqKpKqLGJ-161.960.40424.44.9927.15.6030.66.3234.97.1840.08.25LGJ-251.270.39015.74.8117.65.5019.96.1022.66.9425.97.95LGJ-350.910.38011.24.6712.65.2514.25.9316.26.7418.67.43LGJ-500.630.3687.704.538.725.099.855.7511.26.5512.97.51LGJ-700.450.3585.554.416.234.937.035.568.006.339.187.26LGJ-950.330.3424.074.224.574.735.165.355.876.086.736.98LGJ-1200.270.3353.334.133.744.644.225.244.85.955.516.830.3810kV架空线路电压损失常数（V/kWkm）电压kV导线型号功率因数 (cos)0.850.80.750.70.650.38TJ-68.738.879.179.33TJ-105.55.635.775.426.07TJ-163.773.904.034.174.32TJ-252.542.662.792.923.06TJ-352.002.122.242.372.50LJ-165.755.865.976.116.25LJ-253.374.014.154.274.40LJ-352.923.063.173.303.44LJ-502.182.292.402.572.65LJ-701.691.801.912.032.146LGJ-160.3690.3770.3860.3960.406LGJ-250.2520.2600.2700.2780.288LGJ-350.1910.2000.2080.2170.226LGJ-500.1430.1510.1590.1680.177LGJ-700.1120.1200.1290.1360.145LGJ-950.0900.0980.1050.1130.122LGJ-1200.0800.0870.0940.1020.11010LGJ-160.2210.2260.2310.2370.243LGJ-250.1510.1560.1610.1660.172LGJ-350.1440.1190.1240.1290.135LGJ-500.0860.0900.0950.1000.105LGJ-700.0670.0710.0770.0810.086LGJ-950.0540.0580.06300.0680.073LGJ-1200.0470.0520.0560.0610.066交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆0.6/1-26/35KV交联聚乙烯绝缘电力电缆适用于0.6/1-26/35KV电力线路输配电使用，阻燃型适用于有特殊要求的固定敷设场合。1、标准本产品严格按GB12706-1991标准进行生产，其阻燃型产品按GB12706-1991和GB12666-1990转化的企业标准Q/CSDB720-95生产。2、型号、名称、适用范围型号名称铜芯铝芯YJV(ZR_YJV)YJLV(ZR-YJLV)交联聚乙烯绝缘氯乙烯护套（阻燃）电力电缆YJYYJLY交联聚乙烯绝缘氯乙烯护套电力电缆YJV22(ZR-YJV22)YJLV22交联聚乙烯绝缘钢带铠装聚氯乙烯护套（阻燃）电力电缆YJV23YJLV23交联聚乙烯绝缘钢带铠装聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆YJV32(ZR-YJV32)YJLV32(ZR-YJLV32)交联聚乙烯绝缘钢丝铠装聚氯乙烯护套（阻燃）电力电缆YJV33YJLV33交联聚乙烯绝缘钢丝铠装聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆3、产品使用特性及主要性能产品使用特性及主要性能1电缆导体的长期允许工作温度不是超过90，短路时（最长时间不超过5秒）电缆导体的最3、产品使用特性及主要性能温度不能3、产品使用特性及主要性能250。电缆的接地故障持续时间规定3、产品使用特性及主要性能下：第一类：第一次接地故障1分钟以下；第二类：用于第一类以外的场合，但单相接地故障时间一般不超过2小时，3、产品使用特性及主要性能大不超过8小时。电缆敷设时环境温度不能低于0，敷设落差不受限制，敷设时最小弯曲半径规定如下：对于单芯电缆为20（D+d） 5%对于多芯电缆为5（D+d）5%式中的D是电缆的实际外径，d是导体的实际外径，也可采用实心导体，导电线芯采用绞合紧压圆导体或扇开导体，也可采用实心导体。电力电缆载流量 0.6/1KV交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆（单位：A）截面在空气中40在地下25一芯二芯三、四芯五芯一芯二芯三、四芯五芯铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝1.532-23-20-45-32-27-2.5423330-2620-594642333527-456444031342735297761554345364934670574940433545379779695657466148109775695360476248130100927177598465161259955708364836317013512196105801088425165125117881058210583220170156121125100140110352001551411101251001259926520518814615512016713150245190173134160125160123320245227174185145202192703052402161702001552001533953052902172251752512319537529026520524520023718547537033726327021030126712043534030824028522027421454544038730231024034729815050039035327532525032225261048043333734527038834118558045041031837529538129869554549338339030544339524068553548437844034544334781063053544745035551530079561556443750539549939091071064650451540058040093073010508205001080850119094063012501000135010800.6/1KV交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套铠装电力电缆（单位：A） 截面在空气中40在地下25一芯二芯三、四芯五芯一芯二芯三、四芯五芯铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝1.534-24-21-473829272924-2.5433431242721-624838343827-4574640333529362179624944493452346726050434537463798776155614864491010078715462486449135105847584658565161291019272806383651741361089710884110862517013312194105821078522617714012614011014211035205160146114127991259927021116715016713117013250255199181141158123160123325254202180202155204157703152462241751951532001544053162511982511922541949538229827121623718523718548537930126930123130423112044264531424527421427421656043834731134726735026815052040636928832225232225462548838834638829839229818561548043734138129838129871555944339744334144934324071555950839744334744334983064851546151538552039830080562957244749939049939093573058051858044558744740097075884150011208759576301290100810783.6/6kV交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆YJV YJLV（单位：A）截面在空气中40在地下25一芯三芯一芯三芯铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝2517313212710020015513610535209164155118245191164127502501951861452912231911470309241232177359277236182953812952772144363372822181204363413182505003863232451505003863842825644363642821855574454093236414954043182406775274823777455774733683007826055504328456595274184007187685008418913.6/6KV交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆YJV YJLV（单位：A）截面在空气中40在地下25一芯三芯一芯三芯铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝2517313212710020015513610535209164155118245191164127502501951861452912231911470309241232177359277236182953812952772144363372822181204363413182505003863232451505003863842825644363642821855574454093236414954043182406775274823777455774733683007826055504328456595274184007187685008418913.6/6KV交联聚乙烯绝缘氯乙烯护套铠装电力电缆 YJV22 YJLV22 YJV32 YJLV32（单位：A）截面在空气中40在地下25一芯三芯一芯三芯铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝25175138127100193152140110352141631551182281791651305025119518214126920719515070314245227172360280240185953822952732144353302902251204363413182454953803302551505003863552775604353652851855724454093186404954153202406775234773737505804803753007826055414278506605404254007097605008278806/10，8.7/10， 8.7/15KV交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套电力电缆YJV YJLV（单位：A）截面在空气中40在地下25一芯三芯一芯三芯铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝25173132132100200155136105352091641591232411861641275025019518614528622319115070314241232177345277232182953862952822184273322822181204363413182504913773182451505003863642825554273592771855724454143236274864043142406725274823777365684683643007826055504328416505274144007147595008278736/10，8.7/10，8.7/15KV交联聚乙烯绝缘聚氯乙烯护套铠装电力电缆YJV232 YJLV22 YJV32 YJLV32截面在空气中40在地下25一芯三芯一芯三芯铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝514814812710020915414011035209160155123232182165130502501951821412732141951597030924122717334126424018595382295277214414318290225120436336318245473364330255150500386359277536414365285185573441409318601468415320240673523477382709550480375300777600541427809627540425400709732500818636聚氯乙烯绝缘电力电缆1、标准本产品严格按GB12706-1991标准进行生产，其阻燃产品按GB12706-1992和GB12666-1990转化的企业标准Q/CSDB720-1995生产。2、型号、名称、规格型号、名称型号名称铜铝VVVLV聚氯乙烯绝缘聚乙烯护套电力电缆VV22VLV22聚氯乙烯绝缘钢带铠装聚乙烯护套电力电缆VV32VLV32聚氯乙烯绝缘钢丝铠装聚乙烯护套电力电缆规格型号芯数额定电压KV铜铝0.6/1标称截面平方毫米VVVLV11.5400VV32VLV3210400VV22VLV2210400VVVLV21.5300VV32VLV3210185VV22VLV224185VVVLV31.5300VV32VLV3210300VV22VLV224300VVVLV3+14300VV32VLV324300VV22VLV224300VVVLV4+11.53003+1芯电缆中性线芯截面 标称截面平方毫米主线芯中性线芯主线芯中性线芯42.5703564955010612070161015070251618595351624012050253001503、产品使用特性及主要性能成品电缆导电线芯直流电阻应符合以下规定标称截面20时导体最大直流电阻标称截面20时导体最大直流电阻铜导体铝导体铜导体铝导体1.512.1-700.2680.4432.57.41-950.1930.32044.617.411200.1530.25363.084.611500.1240.206101.833.081850.09910.164161.151.912400.07540.125250.7271.23000.06.10.10350.5240.8684000.04700.0778500.3870.6415000.03660.0605成品电缆在室温下能承受系统3.5KV，50HZ，5分钟电压试验；当用直流电压时所加电压应为工频试验电压的2.4倍。电缆导体的最高额定温度为70，短路时（最长持续时间不超过5秒）电缆导体的最高温度不超过160。电缆敷设时的环境温度不低于0，其最小弯曲半径为：单芯电缆不小于20（D+d）；多芯电缆不小于15（D+d）；D：电缆外径，mm；d：导电线芯外径，mm聚氯乙烯绝缘及护套阻燃电缆的电气性能与同类非阻燃电缆一样，其阻燃性能符合GB12666-1990要求，电缆结构尺寸、规格和非阻燃电缆相同。型号为ZR-VV、ZR-VLV、ZR-VV22、ZR-VLV22、ZR-VV32、ZR-VLV32。0.6/KV聚氯乙烯绝缘及护套电力电缆VV、VLV（单位：A）截面在空气中40在地下25一芯二芯三、四芯一芯二芯三、四芯铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝铜铝1.524-17-15-29-21-18-2.5312423181915383027212419441323124262049383527312465242383232266148433438301072555