2014-2015年职称英语考试理工B真题(含答案).docx

2015年职称英语考试理工B真题第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. I will nottoleratethat sort ofbehavior in my classA. control B. acceptC. observeD. regulate2. The law carries apenaltyof up to three years inprison.A. messageB.punishmentC. guiltD. obligation3. These products areinferiorto those we bought last year.A. poor thanB. narrower thanC. larger thanD. richer than4. The organization wasboldenough to facethe press.A. pleasedB. braveC. powerfulD. sensible5. The political situation in the region hasdeterioratedrapidly.A. improvedB. changedC. worsenedD. developed6. Most people findrejectionhard to accept.A. refusalB. excuseC. clientD. destiny7. Theyrepetitioningfor better facilitiesfor the disabled on public transport.A. planningB. preparingC. lookingD. requesting8. He said someharshwords about his brother.A. properB. normal C. unkindD. unclear9. I realized to myhorrorthat I had forgotten the present.A. fearB. limit C. powerD. fool10. There was asimultaneoustrial takingplace in the next building.A. fairB. fullC. publicD. coexisting11. He tried toassemblehis thoughts.A. gatherB. clearC. shareD. spare12. The doctors did notrevealthe truth to him.A. hideB. handleC. establishD. disclose13.Prisoners were kept in the mostappallingconditions.A. flexibleB. reasonableC. terribleD. serious14.We were attractedby thelureof quick money.A. amountB. temptC. supplyD. sum15. Shes extremely competentandindustrious.A. hard workingB. honestC. objectiveD. independent第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分） 下面的短文列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。ADHD Linked toAir PollutantsChildren have an increased risk of attentionproblems，seenas early as grade school , if their moms inhaled(吸入)a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. Thats thefinding of a new study. Released when things arent burned completely, thispollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs. The biggestsources of these PAHs: the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.Frederica Perera works at Columbia UniversitysMailman School of Public Health in New York City. She researches how exposureto things in the environment affects childrens health. In a new study , sheand her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnantwomen in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew(排放) PAHs into the air and lungs, Pereras teamfocused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe(探查) other sources of PAHs, ones that would havebeen hard for an individual to avoid.The team started by testing the blood of eachwoman during pregnancy. The reason: Any PAHs in a womans blood would also beavailable to the baby in her womb. Nine years later, the researchers investigatedsigns of attention problems in these children, now age 9. They asked eachchilds mother a series of questions. These included whether her child hadproblems doing things that needed sustained(长期的) mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The scientistsalso asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent,careless mistakes. All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD. About one in 10 U.S. children hasADHD.Among the women studied, traffic and homeheating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure, Perera and her teamsuspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood. Others hadhigh levels. Those with high levels were five times as likely to have childrenwho showed attention problems by age 9. The new findings were publishedNovember 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.16. Perera and her team chose nonsmoking pregnant women all over America.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHsplayed a role in harming the subjects physical health.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Nonsmoking mothers were selected because the effect of smoking onPAHs was unclear.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. The blood of each women was tested once a month during pregnancy.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Kids with ADHD commonly fail in school.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. The women with high levels of PAHs in their blood were more likely tohave kids with ADHD.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. Traffic and home heating were considered to be the biggest sources ofPAHs for the subjects in the research.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三部分：概况大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分） 下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳选项标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。First Image-recognition Software1. Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues havecreated an artificial Intelligence, software that uses photos to locate documentson the Internet with far greater than ever before.2.The new system, which was tested on photos and is nowbeing applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learningalgorithm (运算法则) for image recognition and retrieval is accurate andefficient enough to improve large-scale , document searches online. The systemuses pixel (像素)data in images and potentially video rather than justtext to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with asearch phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. Theknowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then be applied to other photoswithout tags or captions making for more accurate document search results.3.Over the last 30 years, says AssociateProfessor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, the Web hasevolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive,fast-growing multimedia dataset, where nearly every page includes multiple picturesor videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨)of it by looking at thepictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such asGoogle or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and useexclusively the text of Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our studyis the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate andefficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in imagepixels to improve document search.4.The researchers designed and tested a machine visionsystem a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learnwithout being explicitly programmed that extracts semantic (语义的) information fromthe pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the descriptionof the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. The researcherstested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the bestperformance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic informationextracted by their method from the pictures of the Web pages. They found thatthis produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original searchengine purely based on text.A. Popularity of the new systemB. Publication of the new discoveryC. Function of the new systemD. Artificial intelligence software createdE. Problems of the existing search enginesF. Improvement in document retrieval23. Paragraph 1 _D_24. Paragraph 2 _C_25. Paragraph 3 _E_26. Paragraph 4 _F_A. information in imagesB. current popular search enginesC. using photosD. machine vision systemsE. document searchF. description of the HTML page27. The new system does document retrieval by _C_.28. The new system is expected to improve precision in _E_.29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engines ignore_A_30. The new system was found more effective in documentsearch than the _B_第四部分：阅读理解（第3045题，每题3分，共45分） 下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇：Dangers AwaitBabies with AltitudeWomen who live in theworlds highest communities tend to give birth to underweight babies, a newstudy suggests. These babies may grow into adults with a high risk of heartdisease and strokes.1Research has hinted thatnewborns in mountain communities are lighter than average. But it wasnt clearwhether this is due to reduced oxygen levels at high altitudes or because theirmothers are under-nourishedmany people who live at high altitudes are relatively poor compared withthose living lower down.To find out more, DinoGiussani and his team at Cambridge University studied the records of 400 birthsin Bolivia during 1997 and 1998.The babies were born in both rich and poorareas of two cities: La Paz and Santa Cruz. La Paz is the highest city in theworld, at 3.65 kilometers above sea level, while Santa Cruz is much lower, at0.44 kilometers.Sure enough, Giussani foundthat the average birth weight of babies in La Paz was significantly lower thanin Santa Cruz. This was true in both high and low-income families. Even babiesborn to poor families in Santa Cruz were heavier on average than babies born towealthy families in lofty La Paz.We were very surprised by this result， says Giussani.The results suggest thatbabies born at high altitudes are deprived of2 oxygen before birth.Thismay trigger the release or suppression of hormones that regulate growth of theunborn child，3says Giussani.His team also found thathigh-altitude babies tended to have relatively larger heads compared with theirbodies4.This is probably because a fetus starved of oxygen will send oxygenatedblood to the brain in preference to the rest of the body.Giussani wants to find outif such babies have a higher risk of disease in later life. People born in LaPaz might be prone to heart trouble in adulthood, for example. Low birth weightis a risk factor for coronary heart disease. And newborns with a high ratio ofhead size to body weight are often predisposed to high blood pressure andstrokes in later life.31. What does the new study discover?A. Babies born to wealthy families are heavierB. Women living at high altitudes tend to give birthto underweight babiesC. Newborns in cities are lighter than averageD. Low-altitude babies have a high risk of heart disease in later life32. Giussan and his team are sure that _A. babies born in La Paz are on average lighter thanin Santa CruzB. people living in La Paz are poorer that those in Santa CruzC. the birthweight of babies born to wealthy families is above avergeD. mothers in La Paz are commonly under-nourished33. It can be inferred from what Giussan says in Paragraph 4 thatA. he was very tiredB. the study took longer than expectedC. the finding was unexpectedD. he was surprised to find low-income families in La Paz34. The results of the study indicate the reason for the birth ofunderweight babiesA. lack of certain nutritionB. reduction of oxygen levelsC. poverty of their mothersD. different family background35. It can be learnt from the last paragraph that _A. underweight babies have a shorter life spanB. babies born to poor families lack certain hormones before birth.C. high-altitude babies tend to have high blood pressure in their laterlifeD. newborns in wealthy families have larger heads compared with theirbodies第二篇：Why BuyShade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is goodfor health, theyre usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is itfood for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help youconcentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population inother ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted underthe canopy(树冠)oftaller indigenous(土生土长的)trees.However, more and more farmers in Latin America are deforesting the land togrow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffeebushes can be planted if there arent any trees. With increased production comeincreased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffeeproduction immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat. Native birds nest andhide from predators(捕食者)inthe tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sunmethod also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers andpesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides killinsects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects andalso die. The chemicals kill or sicken other animals as well, and can evenenter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and SouthAmerica are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can supportthese farmers by buying coffee with such labels as shade grown andbird friendly. Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. Butwere paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet.I think its worth it.36. What is the main idea of this passage?A. People should buy shade-grown coffee.B. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.C. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.D. Shade-grow coffee is more expensive than sun-grow coffee.37. The function of the word Traditionally in Paragraph 2 isto show_.A. how coffee production used to beB. the positive effects of coffeeC. a change of coffee growthD. something that is the most important38. What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?A. Higher profits.B. More insects.C. Better quality coffee.D. Larger farms.39. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?A. They buy more land from other farmers.B. They move to another country.C. They cut down trees.D. They turn grassland into farmland.40. The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT_A. insectsB. birdsC. humansD. air第三篇：More RuralResearch Is NeededAgricultural researchfunding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr.Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year, butwith modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should beable to stay ahead.“The global decline in investment ininternational agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress isto be made towards reducing malnutrition and poverty,” he said.Research is needed to solvefood production, land degradationand environmental problems. Securelocal food supplies led to economic growth which, in turn, slowedpopulation growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the worlds ability to feeditself in the first 25 years, when the worlds population is expected to risefrom 5.8 to 8 billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improvebut therell still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentrationof poor and hungry people would be in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia in2020, similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slightimprovement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. Themajor improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.The developing world wasinvesting about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domesticproduct（GDP）on research, and the developedworld was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from allcountries.He said crop research couldproduce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheatproduction research having spin-offs for Mexico, China or India.“Technologies still need to be refined for thelocal conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application,so that money can be used very efficiently,” Dr. Fischer said.Yields of rice, wheat andmaize have grown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developingcountries. For example, maize production rose from 2-8 tonnes per hectarebetween 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth, such as high-yieldvarieties, fertilisers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you wantto save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife,youre going to have to increase yield,” Dr. Fischer said.41. What is the passage mainly about?A. Shortage of agricultural technologiesB. Development of agricultural technologiesC. Importance of agricultural researchD. Expectation of population growth42. Which of the following statements is true about the wordsagricultural research funding?A. It is increasing among developed countriesB. It is decreasing worldwideC. Less is demand from developing countriesD. Most of it is spend very efficiently43. What is the picture of Asias food supplies in the first 25 years?A. Food shortage will not be a problemB. These will be more hungry people in southern AsiaC. Population growth will result in more hungrypeopleD. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.44. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies?A. They are costlyB. They have to be improved to meet local needsC. Their application is limitedD. They have to be applied locally45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _A. There is a demand for saving land fornon-agricultural activitiesB. Crop production is growing faster in developing countriesC. Maize production reached its peak in the 1990sD. Technologies improving maize production have been well developed第五部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Saving a Citys Public ArtAvoiding traffic jams in Los Angeles may beimpossible, but the citys colorful freeway murals（壁画）can brighten even the worst commute. Paintingsthat depict（描述）famouspeople and historical scenes cover office buildings and freeway walls allaccess the city. With a collection of more than 2,00