高盛财经汉英词典 (2).doc

中文词句EnglishEnglish Definitions144A 条例Rule 144AAn SEC rule that modified a two-year holding period requirement on privately placed securities by permitting Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs) to trade these positions among themselves. 18定律Rule of 18A rule whereby the sum of the inflation rate and the P/E ratio of the Dow Jones Industrial Average is an indicator of the direction of the stock market. If the total is above 18, stocks are supposed to decrease. If the total is under 18, then the stock ma1940年投资公司法Investment pany Act of 1940Created in 1940 through an act of Congress, this piece of legislation clearly defines the responsibilities and limitations placed upon fund panies that offer investment products to the public.72定律Rule of 72A rule stating that in order to find the number of years required to double your money at a given interest rate, you divide the pound return into 72. The result is the approximate number of years that it will take for your investment to double.APICS（美国生产及库存控制协议）商业前景指数 APICS Business Outlook Index A national manufacturing index that surveys several manufacturing firms on a monthly basis. If the index is above 50 it signals expansion, if it dips below 50 it indicates contraction.CAMELS评级制度 CAMELS Rating System An international bank-rating system with which bank supervisory authorities rate institutions according to six factors. The six areas examined are represented by the acronym CAMELS. CEDEL CEDEL One of two principal clearing houses for Euromarket securities. Notice that the formula may also be written as: accounts payable / (cost of sales/number of days). Notice that the formula may also be written as: accounts receivable / (credit sales/number of days). Net Operating Ine Total Debt Service Net Ine Shareholders EquityThe ROE is useful in paring the profitability of a pany to other firms in the same industry. Calculated as total tax paid divided by taxable ine. 2. In the case of fixed ine, a bond with a rating of BBB or higher. Operating cash flow is calculated through a series of adjustments to net ine. It can be found on the statement of cash flows. ? 2. The difference between the swap rate and the lending rate offered through other investment vehicles with parable characteristics. GDP平减数 GDP Deflator An economic metric used to account for inflation by converting output measured at current prices into constant-dollar GDP. The GDP deflator shows how much a change in the base years GDP relies upon changes in the price level. GDP差距 GDP Gap The sacrificed output within a countrys economy due to the failure to create sufficient jobs for all those willing to work. H股 H-Shares A share of a Chinese pany listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. 一次性偿还Bullet RepaymentA single payment for an entire loan amount that is paid at maturity. 一次总付分配Lump Sum DistributionA one time payment for the entire amount due, rather than breaking payments into smaller installments. Some lump-sum distributions receive special tax treatment.一级资本Tier 1 CapitalA term used to describe the capital adequacy of a bank. Tier I capital is core capital, this includes equity capital and disclosed reserves.一般义务债券General Obligation BondA municipal bond backed by the credit and taxing power of the issuing jurisdiction, rather than the revenue from a given project. 一般折旧制度General Depreciation SystemThe most monly used system for calculating depreciation. Personal property is depreciated using the declining-balance method, which involves applying the depreciation rate against the undepreciated balance.七大工业国Group of Seven (G-7)Seven of the worlds leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues.七大工业国G-7Seven of the worlds leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues.二级市场Secondary MarketA market in which an investor purchases an asset from another investor, rather than an issuing corporation.二级发行Secondary OfferingA sale of securities in which one or more major stockholders in a pany sell all or a large portion of their holdings. The underwriting proceeds are paid to the stockholders, rather than to the corporation.人寿保险Life InsuranceA protection against the lost ine that would result if the insured were to pass away. The named beneficiary receives the proceeds and is thereby safeguarded from financial impacts of the death of the insured.二级资本Tier 2 CapitalA term used to describe the capital adequacy of a bank. Tier II capital is secondary bank capital that includes items such as undisclosed reserves, general loss reserves, subordinated term debt, and more.个人收入Personal IneAn individuals total earnings ing from wages, business enterprises, and various investments.个人消费开支PCESimilar to CPI, PCE is a report (actually a part of the personal ine report) put out by the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the Department of merce. PCE is a measure of price changes in consumer goods and services. It consists of the actual and imputed expenditures of households, and includes data pertaining to durables, non-durables, and services.个人理财Personal FinanceFinancial planning for individuals. Generally, it involves analyzing their current financial position, predicting short-term and long-term needs, and remending a financial strategy. This may involve advice on pensions, school fees, mortgages, life insurance, and investments.子公司、附属公司SubsidiaryA pany owned by another pany that controls more than 50% of its voting stock. 上市公司Public panyA pany that has issued securities through an offering which are now traded on the open market. 上市证券Listed SecuritySecurities that have been accepted for trading purposes by a recognized and regulated exchange.已充分反映实值Fully ValuedA stock that has reached a price that accurately reflects the strength of the pany. 已动用资本回报率Return On Capital Employed (ROCE)A ratio that indicates the efficiency and profitability of a panys capital investments. Calculated as: Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) (Capital employed + Short term borrowings - Intangible assets) 已动用资本回报率ROCE A ratio that indicates the efficiency and profitability of a panys capital investments. Calculated as: Earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) (Capital employed + Short term borrowings - Intangible assets) 已发行股票Shares OutstandingThe number of shares that are currently owned by investors. This includes restricted shares (shares owned by the panys officers and insiders) and shares held by the public. Shares that the pany has repurchased are not considered outstanding stock.大宗交易Block TradeThe sale or purchase of a large quantity of securities. 广泛基础加权平均Broad-Based Weighted AverageAn anti-dilution provision used for the benefit of existing preferred shareholders when additional offerings are made by the corporation. The broad-based weighted average accounts for all equity previously issued and currently undergoing issue.广泛基础指数Broad-Base IndexAn index designed to reflect the movement of the entire market. 下调评级DowngradeA negative change in the rating of a security. 子弹式交易Bullet TradeThe act of purchasing an in the money put option so that the buyer can capitalize on a bear market by effectively shorting a stock without waiting for an uptick.已售商品成本COGSAn expense that reflects the cost of the product or good that generates revenue for a pany. Sometimes referred to as Cost of Sales.已售商品成本Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)An expense that reflects the cost of the product or good that generates revenue for a pany. Sometimes referred to as Cost of Sales.下游DownstreamRefers to oil and gas operations after the production phase and through to the point of sale. 已解除债务的破产人Discharge in BankruptcyWhen a bankrupt person or pany is legally free and clear of any obligation to repay certain debts. 已缴资本Paid-Up CapitalThe state of a settlement when all payment obligations for a security has been pleted. 兀鹫投资者Vulture Capitalist1. A slang word for a venture capitalist who deprives an inventor of control over their own innovations and most of the money they should have made from the invention. 2. A venture capitalist who invests in floundering firms in the hopes that they will turn around. 兀鹫基金Vulture FundA fund that buys securities in distressed investments, such as high-yield bonds in (or near) default or equities that are in (or near) bankruptcy. 五大工业国G-5Five of the worlds leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues. 五大工业国Group of Five (G-5)Five of the worlds leading countries that meet periodically to achieve a cooperative effort on international economic and monetary issues. 公开上市Going PublicThe process of selling shares that were formerly privately-held to new investors for the first time.开支比率Expense RatioThe percentage of the assets that were spent to run a mutual fund. It includes things like management and advisory fees, travel costs, and 12b-1 fees. The expense ratio does not include brokerage costs for trading the portfolio.公开市场委员会Federal Open Market mittee (FOMC)The body that sets the interest rate and credit policies of the Federal Reserve System.公开市场委员会FOMCThe body that sets the interest rate and credit policies of the Federal Reserve System.日历年Calendar YearThe year that begins January 1 and ends December 31公开发行价值Public Offering Price (POP)The price at which new issues are offered to the public by an underwriter公开说明书Prospectus1. A formal legal document describing details of a corporation. The prospectus is generally created for a proposed offering (usually an IPO), but they can still be obtained from existing businesses as well. The prospectus includes pany facts that are vitally important to potential investors. 2. In this case of mutual funds, a prospectus describes the funds objectives, history, manager background, and financial statements. 公开说明书定稿Final ProspectusA legal document stating the price of a newly issued security, the delivery date, and other facts that are important for investors.公开资产Public Assets that can be traded in a public market, such as the stock market. 无风险回报率Risk Free Rate of ReturnThe quoted rate on an asset that has virtually no risk. 无风险资产Risk-Free AssetAn asset which has a certain future return. Treasuries (especially T-bills) are considered to be risk-free because they are backed by the U.S. government. 公开流通股票FloatThe total number of shares publicly owned and available for trading. The float is calculated by subtracting restricted shares from outstanding shares.今天最低Todays LowThe intra-day low trading price. 今天最高Todays HighThe intra-day high trading price.开支Expense1. Money spent by a firm to continue its ongoing operations. 2. Money spent or costs incurred that are deductible and reduce your taxable ine. 公司化、非共同化DemutualizationThe process of changing corporate structure from a mutual fund pany to some other form, such as a limited liability or corporation.公司、企业CorporationThe most mon form of business organization. The total worth of the organization is divided into shares of stock, each representing a unit of ownership. A corporation is ongoing and the owners face only limited liability. 不可买回Non-Callable Securities that cannot be called by the issuer prior to maturity.公平交易Arms Length TransactionWhen the buyers and sellers of a product act independently of each other and have no relationship to each other. 公平价值Fair Value1. The estimated value of all assets and liabilities of an acquired pany used to consolidate the financial statements of both panies. 2. In the futures market, fair value is the equilibrium price for a futures contract. This is equal to the spot price after taking into account pounded interest (and dividends lost because the investor owns the futures contract rather than the physical stocks) over a certain period of time. 水平价差Horizontal SpreadAn options strategy involving the simultaneous purchase and sale of two options of the same type, having the same strike price, but different expiration dates.无对冲黄金股票指数BUGS IndexShort for basket of un-hedged gold stocks, the BUGS index is the AMEXs index measuring gold panies that do not hedge their gold production beyond a year and a half.无记名票据Floater A bond, or some other type of debt, whose coupon rate changes with market conditions (short term interest rates). 不可抗力Force MajeureLiterally translated as great force, this clause is included in contracts to remove liability for unforeseen events restricting participants from fulfilling obligations.双头垄断DuopolyA situation in which two panies own all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service. 开市前交易Pre-Market TradingTrading done before the regular market opens. 公司债券Debenture An unsecured debt backed only by the credit worthiness of the borrower. There is no collateral, and the agreement is documented by an indenture. 中央银行Central BankA bank providing services for a countrys government and major mercial banks.公司税Corporate TaxA levy placed on the profit of a firm; different rates are used for different levels of profits.公平意见Fairness OpinionAn opinion developed by qualified analysts or advisors with the purpose of providing key details and factual proof to the decision makers of a merger or acquisition.牛市Bull MarketA market in which prices of a certain group of securities are rising or are expected to rise.毛收入Gross Ine1. For individuals, it is your total personal ine before deductions. 2. For panies, it is their revenue minus cost of goods sold (also called gross margin). 内在价值Intrinsic Value1. The value of a pany or an asset based on an underlying perception of the value. 2. For call options, this is the difference between the underlying stocks price and the strike price. For put options, it is the difference between the strike price and the underlying stocks price. In the case of both puts and calls, if the difference between the underlying stocks price and the strike price is negative, the value is given as zero. 反向收购Reversed takeover1. When a larger pany is bought out by a smaller pany. 2. The purchasing of a public pany by a private pany. 反收购措施Anti-takeover MeasureMeasures taken on a continual or sporadic basis by a firms management in order to prevent or deter unwanted takeovers.反收购法规Anti-takeover StatuteA set of state regulations that prevent or deter panies from attempting hostile takeovers. These regulations vary across state lines and typically affect only the panies incorporated within the state.无形之手Invisible HandCoined by Adam Smith in his 1776 book An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. In his book he states: Essentially Smith says that individuals try to maximize their own good (and bee wealthier), and by doing so, through trade and entrepreneurship, society as a whole will be better off. Furthermore, any government intervention in the economy isnt needed as the invisible hand would best guide the economy. 及时生产Just In TimeA production strategy panies employ to increase efficiency and decrease waste by producing goods only as they are ordered or needed. 专利权PatentA government license that allows one exclusive rights to a process, design, or new invention.双谷经济衰退Double Dip RecessionWhen the gross domestic product (GDP) growth slides back to negative after a quarter or two of brief positive growth. In other words, a recession followed by a short-lived recovery, followed by another recession.分级股票Classified SharesThe separation of pany equity into more than one class of mon shares, usually called Class A and Class B.不良贷款Bad DebtA debt which is not collectable and therefore worthless to the creditor. 不良贷款NPL Loans that are in default or close to being in default. 不良贷款Non-Performing LoanLoans that are in default or close to being in default. 无形资产Intangible AssetAn asset that is not physical in nature. E.g. goodwill不良资产Non-Performing AssetAny asset that is not effectively producing ine.天灾债券Act of God BondA bond issued by an insurance pany, linking principal and interest to the panys losses due to natural disasters.分拆上市Carveout1. Sometimes known as a partial spinoff, a carve out occurs when a parent pany sells a minority (usually 20% or less) stake in a subsidiary for an IPO or rights offering. 2. Where an established brick-and-mortar pany hooks up with venture investors and a new management team to launch an Internet spinoff. 认购不足UndersubscribedWhen the demand for a new issue of securities (IPO) is less than the number of shares issued. This is sometimes referred to as an underbooking.分拆、出售资产DivestitureRefers to the sale of a subsidiary pany, also called spin-off.认股权证WarrantA derivative security that gives the holder the right to purchase securities (usually equity) from the issuer at a specific price within a certain time frame. 认股权证比重Warrant CoverageAn agreement between a pany and its shareholders whereby the pany issues warrants equal to some percentage of the dollar amount of the shareholders investment.认股权证溢价Warrant PremiumThe premium paid for the rights associated with a warrant. 分拆收购UnbundlingTaking over a large pany with several different lines of business and retaining