新目标八年级英语上册 Unit 1 最新名师预习学习复习指导材料.doc

八年级上册英语 Unit 1 How often do you exercise?【61】预习学习复习指导 201110 学习目标 1.学会恰当地使用频率副词及短语；2.学会描述课余时间的活动安排；3.学会针描述基本饮食结构；4.学会表示频率。预习学习复习指导（一）Section A P.1-P.31 比较：how often, how many times. how long, how soon与when的用法： how often “多久一次”。通常对once/twice a week，three times a month，以及sometimes，always，often，usually，never，every day等时间频度状语提问。 how many times 多少次；多少倍。通常对once, twice, three times, four times, .之类的状语提问。 how long “（共计）多长时间/多久”，通常对一段时间提问；多长（长度）。表示的时间可以是过去的、现在的一段时间，也可以是将来的一段时间。 how soon“（从现在起）过多久（开始或结束）”。通常对in a week（从现在起过一周后），in two years（从现在起过两年后）等之类的表示将来的时间状语提问。 when“什么时候”。通常是对具体的某个时间提问。可以是过去的、现在某个时间，也可以是将来的某个时间。 例：1）How often do you write to him? Once a month. 比较：How many times do you write to him a month? Once. How long do you write to him once? A month. 2）How often did he come here? He often ( never ) came here. 3）How long did they take(花费) to find the child? They took an hour to find the child. 比较：When did they find the child？They found the child an hour ago. 4）How soon will you go back? Ill go back in a week. 比较：When will you go back? Ill go back next week. How long will you stay here? Ill stay here for a week. 5）How long is the table? Its two meters(米) long.2exercise的用法： n. 练习（题）：Exercise 2 练习二；比较：two exercises 两道练习（题） n. 操（常用复数）：(do) eye exercises; (do) morning exercises v.&n.（体格）锻炼；运动（作n.“锻炼、运动”时不可数） 例：1）He exercises three or four times a week. 2）I often take exercise in the morning. take exercise(n.) 参加锻炼；进行锻炼= exercise (v.)3hardly (= almost not) adv. 几乎不；几乎没有；简直不 例：I can hardly believe（相信）my eyes. hardly ever (= almost never) 几乎从来不（没有） hardly anyone（= almost no one）几乎没有任何人hardly anything（= almost nothing）几乎什么也没有hardly anywhere（= almost nowhere）几乎什么地方也没有-八年级上册英语 Unit 1 How often do you exercise?【62】预习学习复习指导 201110 hardly any (money)（= almost no ）几乎没有任何（钱） 例：He hardly has any money. = He almost has no money. 另外注意：hardly和hard在意义上毫无联系，决不可误认为hardly是hard的副词形式！hard本身既可以作adj.也可以做adv.，即形容词hard的副词形式还是hard。如：He works very hard(hardly). 他工作非常努力。但是可以说：He hardly works.他几乎不工作。还可说：He hardly works hard.他几乎不努力工作。4once的用法： adv. 一次；一倍：Two years ago, I came here once. 比较：once一次；一倍； twice两次；两倍； three times三次；三倍；four times四次；四倍； 说明：三次三倍以上一律用times adv. 从前：Once there was an old fisherman in the village（村子）. adv. 有一次；曾经：I once met him in Shanghai. 比较ever作“曾经”：Did you ever milk a cow（奶牛）? 说明：once 作“曾经”，多用一般过去时的肯定陈述句；而ever作“曾经” 多用于现在完成时或一般过去时的疑问句或否定句。又如： I havent ever been to Hangzhou.(not ever = never)5time n. 时间；时刻；时候；时机；时期；时代（常用复数）；次；次数；回（用于三次以上）；倍（用于三倍以上）；乘：Three times fives is fifteen.6program n. （戏剧、广播、电视等的）节目；表演；节目单；（电脑）程序；程序表；（活动）安排；计划7. 介词for 的用法：为了； 对于；关于：Its good for health. / The results for “watchTV” are interesting. （表示时间、距离，数量等）共计，有（多久），有（多远）：He stayed here for a week. / They walked for two kilometers. （表示钱物交换）：We have great bags for only 12./ I bought a book for two yuan.我花了两元钱买了一本书。 供，适合于：For girls, we have T-shirts in red, green, and white for only 18. conj. 因为：I want to stop, for Im too tired.8go skateboarding 去（参加）滑板（活动）= go to skateboard又如：go skating(swimming, shopping, etc.) = go to skate(swim, shop, shop, etc.9比较：sometimes adv. 有时（候）：We sometimes go to see a movie. sometime adv. （在）某个时候：I met him sometime in April last year. Lets go to see the new movie sometime next week. some time 一些时间；一段时间：Ill stay here for some time. some times 若干次，数次，数回：I came here some times. 若干倍，数倍10never (= not ever) adv. 从来没有；从来不；决不；永远不11on weekends = at the weekend 12the Internet英特网（Internet要大写首字母而且前面要用the） on the Internet 在英特网上 surf the Internet 网上冲浪；上网（在网上浏览网络信息）-八年级上册英语 Unit 1 How often do you exercise?【63】预习学习复习指导 201110 13Animal World动物世界（节目），不可说：Animals World（想一想：为什么？）14as for 至于；关于：As for me, I know nothing about it.15注意下列句中result后的介词和谓语动词的数：1）Here is the result of my survey. 2）Here are the results of the students activity survey at Green High School.3）The results for “watch TV” are interesting. 16no的用法： 作adv.，回答一般疑问句或否定对方所说的话。 例：1）Are you Lily? No, Im not. 2）Jim is 11. No, he is 12. 作adj.没有。用来修饰名词。可与not () a或not () any转换，即：no + 单数可数n. = not () a + 单数可数n. no + 复数或不可数n. = not () any + 复数或不可数n. 例：1）He has no sister. = He doesnt have a sister. 2）He has no sisters. = He doesnt have any sisters. 3）He has _ bread. = He _ have _ bread. 说明：no作adj.用来修饰两个（或两个以上的）名词时，可有两种结构，即：no A or B = no A and no B 例：1）He has no brother or sister. = He has no brother and no sister. 2）He has no juice or bread. = He has no juice and no bread. 3）It has _ arms _ legs. = It has _ arms _ _legs.语法 一般现在时的用法一 动词形式 一般现在时的动词形式要么用动词的原形形式，要么用动词的“单三”形式。若纯是动词be ，则用am，is，are 。例：1）I like music. He likes music. And they like music, too. 2）I dont like music. He doesnt like(likes) music. And they dont like music, either（也）. 3）He can swim(swims). 比较：He swims well. 4）I am happy. He is happy. And we are all happy. 5）Jim is at home. 比较：He may be(is) at home. 【注】 动词“单三”形式的构成规则，与名词复数的构成规则一样（略）。 比较：现在进行时的动词形式：be(am, is, are) + doing（动词的现在分词） 一般过去时的动词形式：一律用动词的过去式。如：I liked music. 一般将来时的动词形式：助动词will+动词原形。如I will like music. be(am, is, are) going to + 动词原形。如：I am going to work.二 用法 表示主语现在经常性的或习惯性的动作，或者现在经常发生的事情。 例：1）He usually gets up at six in the morning.-八年级上册英语 Unit 1 How often do you exercise?【64】预习学习复习指导 201110 2）There is an exam every week. 表示主语现在的性格/性质、状态、特征、身份、能力等（即：性状特身能）。 例：1）I like sports. I think sports are interesting. 2）He is at home now. He is ill. 3）He looks like his father. He is a bit heavy. 4）Her father is a doctor. And her mother is a teacher. 4）He can speak English. And he speaks English well. 表示客观事实或真理。 例：The earth goes around the sun. * 表示现在说话时正在发生的事情。此用法常见于here、there开头的句子等。 例：1）Listen! There goes the bell! 你听！铃响了！ 2）Look! Here comes the bus! 快看! 车来了！ * 表示在将来发生的事情。（常常只限于某些说法） 例：1）Tomorrow is Thursday. 2）We will go to the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow. 3）Ill tell him about it when he comes back next week. 预习学习复习指导（二）Section B & Self Check P.4-P.617drink v. 喝；饮；饮酒；（为）干杯：Lets drink to Mr. Greens health. n. 饮料；酒 一般作不可数n.，但也可作可数n. 。指各种“饮料”时，常用复数形式；指“一种饮料”、“一杯（饮料）”可以与a连用。例：1）They need food and drink.2）There are a lot of drinks in the supermarket.3）bottled drinks 瓶装饮料4）a cooling(hot) drink 冷饮（热饮）5）a drink of water(beer) 一杯水（啤酒） have a drink of ( ) 喝一杯（）18比较：health n. 健康；健康状况；healthy adj. 健康的（ well，fine ） be in good health = be healthy （身体）健康的 be in bad health = be not healthy（身体）不健康的 keep in good health = keep(stay) healthy 保持健康19比较：how many（多少）用来修饰或代替可数名词。 how much （多少）用来修饰或代替不可数名词； （多少钱）用来询问价格（=Whats the price of ?）或总钱数； （多少）询问重量或算式得数等。 例：1）How many oranges would you like? 2）How much orange would you like?3）How much are the oranges? They are four yuan a kilo. 比较：How much is the orange? Its two yuan.-八年级上册英语 Unit 1 How often do you exercise?【65】预习学习复习指导 201110 20habit n. 习惯：ones eating habit 某人的饮食习惯 form(from) a habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯21try v.&n. 试图；想要；设法；努力；试；尝试；试验 try (not) to do sth. 试图（想要、设法、努力）（不）干某事 try(=do) ones best (to do sth.) 竭尽全力（干某事）；尽力（干某事） have a try 试一试 * try ( ) on(v.-adv.) 试穿（衣服）：Please try the coat on.22of course 当然，自然（= certainly，sure）23same adj. 同样的；一样的；相同的； 同一个的；同一些的 使用same时要注意：same有两个意思；same前总要用定冠词the 。 ( be ) the same ( ) as 和是一样的；和是同一个（些）的 例：1）My backpack is the same as yours. 2）This is the same watch as Jims. 是一样的书或是同一本书 all the same （虽然）仍然；同样 例：Sorry, I dont know.Oh, thank you all the same.24比较：difference n. 不同；差别；区别：Whats the difference between A and B? different adj. 不同的，有差别的 be different from 和是不同的（有差别的）反义：be the same as 例：This picture is different from that one. 25比较：maybe与may be，及may maybe adv. 也许；或许( =perhaps )，作状语，可放于句首，句中（“情助be”之后、其它动词之前）；若从句中去掉后整个句子的结构依然完整。may be是“情态动词may + 动词be”，在句中作谓语；不可从句中去掉，若从句中去掉后整个句子的结构不再完整。而may是单纯一个情态动词，也可译为“也许，可能”，表示猜测或可能性；may后面必须跟动词原形（包括可以是动词be）。例：1）Maybe he is at home now. = He is maybe at home now. 也可以说He may be at home now.（但may后必须动词原形）2）Maybe he likes music. = He maybe likes music.比较：He may like music.（本例中的maybe或may均不可改用may be）26although conj. 虽然；尽管；即使；纵然（= though）。是从属连词，引导一个让步状语从句（不可与并列连词but连用）。 例： Although he is very busy, he always helps me. =He though he is very busy. 如果用并列连词but可以这样说：He is very busy, but always helps me. 27a lot of + n. = lots of + n. = many + 可数n./ much + 不可数n. 说明：a lot of 和lots of 只可用于肯定句，而many、much即可用于肯定句又可用于否定句。 例：1）He has a lot of (=many) story-books. 比较：He doesnt have (a lot of) many story-books.2）He has a lot of (=much) money.比较：He doesnt have (a lot of) much money.-八年级上册英语 Unit 1 How often do you exercise?【66】预习学习复习指导 20111028keep（kept）的用法： v. 保存，保留：Will you keep the keys for me? v. 保持，使保持某种状态：Keep quiet! / Please keep the classroom clean. keep (on) doing sth. 保持连续不断地干某事；坚持干某事 例：1）He kept (on) learning Japanese for many years. 2）He kept waiting there for two hours. keep sb. doing sth. 使谋人连续不断地干没事 例：He kept us waiting there for two hours. v. 养（花草；宠物等）：He likes keeping flowers(pets)29情态动词must的用法： must是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后面必须跟动词原形。具体用法： 表示“应该”。否定意义“不应该”，“不要”，“不能”，即表示阻止、禁止（= cant）。 例：1）You must get to school on time. 2）You mustnt(= cant) draw on the wall.