显示的特征(特性.doc

Unit FourTopic: A Defining MomentText A A Defining MomentITeaching objective Students will master the key words and structures; stimulate the students interest in the text that they are going to learn. Tell the students some good strategies and help them master some effective ways of learning English. II. Teaching procedures1. Vocabulary: define shift particular citizen complex conduct evacuation seal announce explosive remarkable.2. Structure: hang up on top of on ones hands seal off.3. Skill Reading: Have a little faith Writing: Basic writing skills (Concession ) Practical writing (Filling in invoice) Translation: Text sentences4. Teaching procedures Leading in activity; Study of the text; Study of words and phrases; Study of reading more (text B), translation and practical writingIII. Vocabulary snapshot define v. C 1. show the nature of; characterize 显示的特征（特性、特质）例 What defines us as human? 我们作为人的特征是什么？例 It is your passions that define you. 有激情是你的特点。2. give the meaning of (a word or idea); describe exactly 给（词或概念）下定义例 Some words are hard to define because they have many different uses. 有些词难以下定义，因为它们有许多不同的用法。例 It is extremely difficult to define these terms. 给这些术语下定义太难了。shift n. 1. C the period of time worked by such a group（轮值工人的）当班时间；班次工作时间例 Im on day shift this week.这个星期我当白班。例 Are you on the day shift or the night shift? 你是上白班还是上晚班？ 2. C a group of workers which takes turns with one or more other groups 轮班工人例 The night shift arrives at six oclock. 夜班工人6点钟来换班。例 As the night shift leaves, the day shift arrives. 晚班工人下班后，白班工人来了。 captain n. 1. C the leader of a team or group 队长；组长例 Shes the captain of the school basketball team. 她是学校篮球队的队长。例 It is unimaginable that he is the captain of the football team. 真是不可思议，他是足球队队长。2. C the person in command of a ship or aircraft 船长；机长例 Are we ready to sail, Captain? 船长，我们准备开船了吗？例 This is the captain speaking. We expect to land in London in one hour. 这是机长讲话，我们将在一小时内抵达伦敦。particular adj. single and different from others; considered separately 特有的；某个的例 This particular case is an exception to the rule. 这个特殊的个案是一个例外。例 Usually I like dogs, but I dont like this particular one. 通常情况下我是喜欢狗的，但这种狗我不喜欢。 dispatch n. C a person who sends someone to a particular place for a special purpose 调度员例 The dispatch informed the fire brigade of the exact location of the fire. 调度员将火灾的具体位置通知了消防队。例 We have just received the message from the dispatch that a traffic accident occurred in that street. 我们刚收到调度员发来的信息，说在那条街上发生了交通事故。 central adj. at or forming the center of a place, object or system 中心的；中央的例 the central plains of North America 北美中部的平原地带例 Computer terminals in various parts of the country are linked up to a central database. 全国各处的电脑终端都与中央数据库相连接。 citizen n. 1. C a person who lives in a particular city or town, especially one who has voting or other rights there （尤指享有选举权或其他权利的）市民，城镇居民例 The new policies are not popular with the citizens as they are based on prejudice and ignorance. 这些新政策不受市民的欢迎，因为它们是在偏见和无知的基础上制定的。例 The citizen of the city can call on the mayor directly. 这个城市的居民可以直接与市长通电话。2. C a person who belongs to a particular country by birth or by being naturalized, gives loyalty to it, and expects protection from it, whether or not he/she actually lives there 公民，国民例 Shes a British citizen but lives in India. 她是英国公民，但居住在印度。例 She became a US citizen after living there for several years. 她在美国住了几年后，成了美国公民。gas n. 1. U a substance of this type, especially natural gas, which is burnt in the home for heating and cooking and formerly also for light 天然气；煤气 例 a gas ring/cooker/fire （有环形喷火头的）煤气灶；煤气炉；（家用）煤气取暖器例 He turned on/lit the gas. 他打开了煤气。例 A gas main exploded. 煤气总管爆炸了。2. C; U (a type of) substance like air, which is not solid or liquid and usually cannot be seen 气体 例 a gas cylinder 气缸；（高压）储气桶例 Oxygen and nitrogen are gases. 氧和氮都是气体。3. U (AmE informal) petrol 汽油 例 a gas tank 油箱例 We are out of gas. 我们的汽油用完了。district n. C a fixed division of a country, a city etc., made for various official purposes or an area with a special and particular quality 行政区；地区例 a postal district 邮政区例 a district council 区议会investigation n. C; U the act of trying to find more information about; examining the reasons for (something), the character of (someone), etc. 调查；探究例 The authorities are planning to launch a full-scale investigation into the air crash. 当局将全面调查此次空难事故。例 The whole issue is still under investigation. 整个事件还在调查当中。safety n. U the condition of being safe; freedom from danger, harm, or risk 安全；保险例 The safety of the ship is the captains responsibility. 确保船的安全是船长的责任。例 She led the children to a place of safety. 她把孩子们领到了一个安全的地方。 alert adj. watchful and ready to deal with danger 警惕的，警觉的例 We are alert to every possible danger. 我们对每一种可能发生的危险保持警惕。例 Tourists need to be alert to the dangers of traveling in the north of the country. 游客们在这个国家北部旅行时要警惕各种危险。complex n. C a system consisting of a large number of closely related parts 综合系统，综合体例 a shopping/sports complex(=an area containing everything needed for shopping/sports) 综合性商场/体育场例 a complex of welfare regulations 福利管理综合系统adj. difficult to understand, explain, or deal with; not clear or simple 复杂的；费解的例 This is a complex problem/issue for which there is no simple solution. 这个问题比较复杂，没有简单的办法可以解决。例 I dont like the complex bureaucratic procedure. 我不喜欢这种复杂的官僚主义办事程序。slight adj. 1. small in degree; not considerable, noticeable, or serious 微小的，轻微的例 Theres been a slight change in the plans. 计划略有修改。例 I havent the slightest idea what you are talking about. 我一点也不明白你在讲什么。2. not strong-looking; thin and delicate 纤弱的，脆弱的例 Her slight frame was shaken by bouts of coughing. 她纤弱的身躯因阵阵咳嗽而发颤。scent n. C a smell 气味例 This is a rose that has no scent. 这是一种无香味的玫瑰花。例 I can detect the sweet scent of flowers. 我能闻到花的芳香。quarter n. 1. (plural) a house or rooms where you can live, especially in the army 住房；营房例 They have returned to quarters. 他们已经回到住所。例 The residential quarters are far away from their worksite. 居住区远离他们的工地。2. C a fourth part of a whole 四分之一例 a quarter of a mile 四分之一英里例 A quarter of sweets, please. 请（给我）拿四分之一磅糖果来。例 There were four of us, so we divided the orange into quarters and each ate a piece. 我们共有四个人，因此我们把橘子分成四等份，每人吃一份。3. C 15 minutes before or after the hour 一刻钟例 Its a quarter past ten/after ten. 现在是十点过一刻。例 This clock strikes the quarters. 这个钟每15分钟敲一次。例 He was waiting for a quarter of an hour but still saw no people come. 他等了一刻钟了还看不见人来。conduct v. 1. carry out or direct 实施；经营例 The company conducted a survey to find out local reaction to the leisure center. 公司进行了一项调查以了解当地对游乐活动中心的反应。2. go with and guide or lead 陪伴；引导例 The guide conducted us round the castle. 导游陪伴我们参观了古堡。例 We went on a conducted tour of the cathedral. 我们在导游的引导下参观了大教堂。 n. U behavior 行为；举止例 The reporter was accused of immoral conduct. 那位记者被指控有不道德的行为。例 Your childrens conduct is praiseworthy. 你的孩子们的品行值得表扬。disaster n. C; U (a) sudden serious misfortune causing great suffering and damage 灾难，不幸例 The flood was a terrible disaster; hundreds of people died. 那次洪水是一场可怕的灾难，有数以百计的人丧生。例 The crash was the worst air disaster this year. 那次飞机坠毁事件是今年最严重的空难。 tremendous adj. 1. very great in size, amount, or degree （体积、数量或程度上）极大的，巨大的例 This rocket travels at a tremendous speed. 这种火箭飞行速度极高。例 We heard a tremendous explosion. 我们听到了巨大的爆炸声。2. (informal) wonderful 绝好的，极棒的例 We went to a tremendous party last night. 昨天晚上我们参加了一个妙极了的晚会。evacuation n. C; U the act of taking all the people away from a place 撤离；搬迁例 The notification of evacuation has been sent to the villagers. 搬迁的通知已经送达村民手中。例 Precedence must be given to the injured in the evacuation plans. 撤离计划中首先要考虑受伤的人。seal v. fasten or close with a tight cover or band of something 封，封装例 The envelope was firmly sealed. 这个信封封得很严。例 She sealed the parcel with sticky tape. 她用粘胶带把包裹封好。neighborhood n. C a group of people and their homes forming a small area within a larger place such as a town 四邻；住宅区例 a quiet neighborhood with good shops 有好商店而且很安静的住宅区例 a neighborhood with school 附近地段有学校的住宅区smoothly adv. in the way of doing something without problems or difficulties 无困难地；顺利地例 In order to make it progress smoothly, we need to pick out someone to organize the program. 为使计划能顺利进行，我们需要挑选一人出来组织实施。例 Mr. Johnson made full preparation for the experiment so that it would go on smoothly. 为使试验能顺利进行，约翰逊先生已做了充分准备。announce v. make known publicly 通告，宣布例 They announced the date of their wedding in the paper. 他们在报上宣布了结婚日期。例 The government has announced that electricity charges will go up in the spring. 政府宣布电费将在春季加价。uneasy adj. feeling anxious, uncertain, and uncomfortable in the mind 不安心的，忧虑的例 Im uneasy about the decision. 我对这个决定感到不安。例 She felt uneasy, seized with fear, not for herself but for her parents. 她感到惴惴不安、满怀恐惧，不是因为自己，而是因为她的父母。remain v. continue to be (in an unchanged state) 继续，依然（不变）例 The situation remains unchanged. 局势依然未变。例 Despite the danger, she remained calm. 尽管危险，她依然镇定自若。pray v. speak, often silently, to God or a god, privately or with others, to show love, give thanks, or ask for (something) 祈祷；祈求例 They went to the church to pray. 他们去教堂做祷告。例 I will pray to God for your safety. 我要向上帝祈祷，保佑你们平安。enormous adj. extremely large 巨大的，极大的例 The oceans began to develop an enormous system of living things. 海洋开始发展成为一个包含各种生物的庞大体系。例 The story was an enormous success, and was republished in a number of languages. 这部小说获得巨大的成功，并以好几种语言进行再版。shockwave n. C violent force from a hard blow, crash or explosion 冲击波例 The shockwave generated by the explosion made the neighboring buildings collapse. 爆炸产生的冲击波使得附近的建筑物纷纷倒塌。例 The shockwave caused great damage to the bridge. 冲击波对大桥造成巨大破坏。neighboring adj. (of places) near or close by （地点）邻近的；附近的例 He works in a neighboring factory. 他在附近的一家工厂工作。例 All their neighboring countries are friendly to them. 他们的邻国对他们很友好。explosive adj. blowing up or bursting 爆炸的例 At high temperature this gas is explosive. 高温条件下，这种气体会爆炸。例 Its dangerous to smoke when handling explosive materials. 搬动易爆物品时抽烟很危险。foundation n. C the solid layer of cement, bricks, stones, etc. that is under a building to support it 基础例 The foundations will be reinforced to prevent the house from sinking further. 地基要加固，以免房屋再度下沉。例 The leaders have laid the foundations of a new era in cooperation between the two countries. 领导人为两国合作的新时代的到来奠定了基础。remarkable adj. worth mentioning, especially because unusual or noticeable 值得注意的；出众的例 a most remarkable sunset 非常壮观的日落例 Finland is remarkable for the large number of its lakes. 芬兰以它的众多湖泊著称。Whats up？ Whats happening? or Whats the matter? 出什么事了？例 Whats up? he said in a loud voice. “出啥事了？”他高声说道。例 Whats up? Why are you late this morning? 出什么事了？今天早上你为什么迟到？ hang up finish a telephone conversation by putting the receiver back 挂断电话例 Its a bad line; hang up and Ill call you back. 这条线说话听不清楚，请挂上电话，我重新给你打。例 He was so angry that he hung up on her. 他一气之下挂断了她的电话。 wake up (cause to) stop sleeping 弄醒；醒来例 I was woken up by the bell. 我被铃声吵醒。例 She had to wake up several times a night when her baby was ill. 因为她的孩子病了，一个晚上她要醒来几次。on top of 1. over, resting on 在之上例 He put that book on top of the other books. 他把那本书放在其他书上面。例 You can see a red bird on top of the roof. 你可以看到在屋顶上有一只红色的鸟。2. in addition to 除之外例 He lost his job and on top of that he lost his heart. 他丢了工作，而且也丧失了信心。例 We cannot understand what he did and on top of that we cannot perceive the purpose of his doing so. 我们不能理解他所做的一切，更不能理解他做这些事的目的。get moving get going; start work 抓紧做例 They have to get moving on; otherwise they cannot meet the deadline. 他们不得不抓紧时间做，否则，他们不可能赶上最后期限。 例 He got moving on what he promised. 他抓紧时间做他所答应的事。 on ones hands resting on one as a responsibility 由某人负责；握有例 At the beginning of a term, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands. 学期开始，你会觉得有很多时间由你支配。例 Now they have their grandson on their hands. 他们现在要照看孙子。seal off close tightly so as not to allow entrance or escape 封闭；把封锁起来例 The police sealed off the entire house after the murder had been reported to them. 在接到凶杀案报告后，警察封锁了整幢房子。例 They have sealed off the area when the chemical explosion took place. 自化学物爆炸后，他们封锁了这个地区。 to oneself for ones own private use; not to be shared 独自；暗自例 I want to have a bedroom to myself. 我想单独有个卧室。例 He whistled a tune to himself. 他独自一人哼着小曲。IV. Text presentation and language points1. A Defining Moment Meaning: An important moment in ones life. Our present text describes how the character of a U.S. firefighter was clearly defined at a critical moment.defining moment: very important moment2. On this particular night Sherm and Dan were already in bed when Dispatch phoned from the California Central Fire Department. Meaning:That night my colleagues Sherm and Dan had already fallen asleep when the operator of the Central Fire Department in California called.Note that the word Dispatch has no article before it and its first letter is capitalized. This usage suggests that the word Dispatch is not confined merely to the reference to the person who is doing the dispatch. It suggests the place providing the information as opposed to a person holding a particular position.3. Although gas investigations rarely turn out to be anything, were in the business of safety.Meaning: It is true that most of the investigations on reported gas accidents will find that nothing serious has ever happened, but our job is to protect the security of the public (and therefore we must take the matter seriously).4. I figured it would be the normal nothing call and we drove to the area, noses alert for the smell of natural gas.Meaning: I guessed this reported gas accident I had received would not be a serious matter. We went to the area by car with our noses sharpened for the smell of natural gas.the normal nothing call: Nothing call means that accidents or disasters that Dispatch has reported over the phone turn out to be non-existent. As there have been so many such cases that such false alarms are regarded as normal.5. As we passed a three-building apartment-house complex, I caught the slightest scent of natural gas in the living quarters.Meaning: When we went by a large residential area featured with three apartment buildings, we nosed a very faint smell of natural gas.6. Weve got to get moving on this before we have a real disaster on our hands.Meaning: We must take action immediately; otherwise a real disaster will strike.7. The potential of this happening called for an immediate evacuation of all the surrounding buildings, plus we would need the police to seal off the neighborhood, wake people up and get them out.Meaning: In view of the possible disaster, the residents must leave their apartments in all the nearby buildings. Besides, we had to call the police to come and prevent other people from coming into this residential area, and order the residents to get up and leave this area at once.8. Well, we cant stand around waiting all night if something doesnt happen soon, were going to have to send a couple of men in there. We need more information, the chief announced. Meaning: The chief declared that they should not stand by idly and wait to see what was going to happen. Instead, if they did not see or hear anything as a sign of danger, then two of them should be sent into this area to collect first-hand information.9. The chief decided to keep me at the command post and to send in firefighter Sherm with another captain.Note that the word in, which does not govern a noun as its complement, is an adverbial particle (小品词). The particle in in this sentence can be regarded as having been shortened from the prepositional phrase into the area.A similar example: When the teacher comes in, she begins the class immediately. In the above sentence, in can be regarded as having been shortened from into the classroom.10. I was uneasy about this decision because I knew Sherm had four children and I felt that he and I should remain a team.Meaning: I did not feel happy about (or I did not like) the chiefs decision (of sending Sherm on this dangerous mission). This is because Sherm had four children to su