第二章 翻译技巧.doc

第二章 翻译技巧一、词的翻译方法1. 褒贬译法The invaders met with a stubborn resistance from the local people.侵略者遭到当地人民的顽强抵抗。The stubborn boy refused to listen to his parents.这个倔犟的男孩不听父母的话。All the inventors have a restless mind.发明家都有一个探索不知的大脑。She is fidgety and restless.她生性急躁好动。The boy has a bright future.这个男孩前途光明/前程远大。At mid-August the topic for discussion was the future of Rommel and his Africa Corps.8月中旬，人谈论的话题是隆美尔及其非洲军团的下场。John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well.约翰是个很有上进心的推销员，工作干得很出色。Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power.希特勒夺取政权后推行的是一种侵略政策。The old couple made a persistent effort to search for their daughter lost in the war.这对老夫妇执着地寻找着战争中失去的女儿。She was vexed by the persistent ringing of the phone.她被没完没了的电话铃声搞得心烦意乱。他们讲索取，我们讲奉献。They preached taking from others, whereas we advocate giving to others.她追求的是真理，而他追求的是荣华富贵。She seeks truth while he hankers after high position and great wealth.2. 具体译法To do evil things openly 明火执仗To be full of anxiety and worry 牵肠挂肚A great and thorough-going change 翻天覆地的变化To have not cut off relationship completely 藕断丝连Great in momentum and irresistible排山倒海之势To speed up 快马加鞭有花不完的钱 to have enough money to burn话中有话 with the tongue in the cheek截然不同 oil and vinegar家丑 a skeleton in the cupboard鲁莽的人 a bull in a china shop捏造 to pull sth. out of ones hat非常罕见 once in a blue moon保密 keep sth. under ones hatHis arrogance sent him into isolation and helplessness.他的傲慢态度使他孤立无援。The black people were fighting against the segregation of the government.黑人在于政府的种族隔离政策做斗争。The crimes sent him into notoriety.这一罪行使他陷入声名狼藉的境地。His lightheartedness didnt last long.他轻松愉快的心境没有持续多久。The Politburo gave the go-ahead to Brezhnev.政治局给勃列日涅夫开了绿灯。Vietnam was his entree to the new Administration.越南战争是他进入新政府的敲门砖/跳板。A Whos Who from Boston attended to his wedding. 波士顿的一位名人参加了她的婚礼。他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。He has many hot potatoes to handle every day.你不要过早乐观，真正的困难还在后头呢。Dont count your chickens before they are hatched. The real difficulty still lies ahead.我们决不能姑息坏人。We should never warm snakes in our bosoms.我不想靠父母过日子。I dont want to hang on my parents sleeves.你应该分清好坏。You should separate the sheep form the goats.同反复无常的人没法相处。Its hard to get along with a man blowing hot and cold.你真是个说话不看对象的人。You are really casting pearls before the swine.他的书角折了。Some pages in his book are dog-eared.3. 抽象依法There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape and the ape in the character of the imperialists.帝国主义者既残暴又狡猾。He felt the patriot rise within his breast.他感到胸中涌起一股爱国热情。He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty.做法官的职责战胜了做父亲的私情，他宣判自己儿子有罪。Every life has its roses and thorns.每个人的生活都有苦有甜。Hitlers storm troops goose-stepped into power in Furth in 1930.1930年，希特勒的冲锋队耀武扬威地夺去了菲尔特镇的政权。The news seesawed between partly good and faintly ominous.消息时好时坏，交替变化着。His wife held the purse string in the family他妻子掌管着家里的经济。Water is king to Californian farmland.水是加利福尼亚农田的主宰/命脉。开门见山 come straight to the point狗急跳墙 to do sth. desperately谦虚态度 modesty不要三心二意 Dont be wavering.真正的好朋友应该是雪里送炭。A real good friend should be one offering timely help.他这些天心里七上八下，老是安静不下来。His mind was in turmoil these days and was quiet unable to think straight.这些问题盘根错节的，三言两语说不清楚。These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.今天下午的球赛棋逢对手，一定很精彩。This afternoons ball game is sure to be an exciting one, for the two sides are well-matched.他们为敌人效尽犬马之劳。They worked faithfully in the service of the enemies.他万万没想到自己前进道路上会出现这么多拦路虎。He had never expected there were so many obstacles in his way.她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。She volunteered for the teaching post in the primary school.我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。I dare not to show off in the presence of an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten us on this matter.这是他们自己的事，你干嘛去插一脚？Thats a business of their own. Why would you get involved in?别人家里鸡毛蒜皮的小事你都知道的这么全，真是个顺风耳呀！You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well-informed.这消息让我出了一身冷汗。I was extremely terrified by that news.I have no head for music. 我没有音乐天赋。Please dont wake up a sleeping dog. 请别惹是生非/打草惊蛇By this means she cast a bone between the two friends.他用这种方法离间了两个朋友。The matter was finally settled under the table.事情终于私下解决了。He earns barely enough to keep body and soul together.他挣得钱几乎难以维持温饱。He is a rolling stone. I dont think he can go far.他是个见异思迁的人，没多大出息。Ill break my neck to get this done by Friday, but I cant promise for sure.我会尽最大努力周五前完成此事，但我不能打包票。4. 增词译法With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中国人民正以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊！The plane twisted under me, trailing flames and smoke.飞机拖着浓烟烈焰，在我下方盘旋下降。The crowd melted away. 人群渐渐散开了。Mary washed for a living after her husbands death.玛丽在丈夫死后靠洗衣为生。This new kind of plane is small, cheap and pilotless.这种新型飞机体积不大，价格便宜，无人驾驶。In the summer of 1969, the Administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 1969年夏，政府公开敦促缓和同中国各方面的紧张关系。Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花开满庭院。The lion is the king of animals. 狮子是百兽之王。Mountains 群山 the Tsars 历代沙皇I had known two great social systems.在那之前，我经历过两大社会变革。He was as poor as we are.他过去与我们现在一样穷。Dont take it seriously. Im only joking.不要认真嘛！开个玩笑罢了。A full moon 一轮满月 a bike 一辆自行车Nixon learned Ceausescu would welcome a presidential visit.尼克松了解到，齐奥塞斯库欢迎美国总统访罗。The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。He stepped to the platform and paused: a little dingy station, a small crowd of travelers.他登上月台，停了下来，只见眼前是个阴沉沉的车站，还有一小群旅客。Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。Without Hitler, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich.如果没有希特勒，肯定就没有第三帝国。The planes took off from “Shangri-la”, the fictional, remote retreat in the Himalayas.这批飞机从“香格里拉”起飞。“香格里拉”是虚构的喜马拉雅山中的世外桃源。接到信时，我高兴地跳了起来。I jumped with joy when I received the letter.他把这事忘得一干二净了。He has forgotten all about it.小孩受了惊吓就会哭。Little children will cry when they are frightened.他不愿干，我们干嘛强迫他？Why should we force him to do it if he is unwilling?我们的干部要有公仆意识。Our cadres must be conscious of their obligations as public servants.我们应该推动农产品生产、加工和销售的有机结合。We should integrate the production, processing and marketing of agricultural products.5. 减词译法If virtue is lost, all is lost.丧失了道德，就丧失了一切。The wind is so strong that he found it difficult to keep on his feet.风太大，他感到很难站稳。He was impressed by Dengs flexibility.T他对邓小平的灵活态度印象很深。He read the words of the poem.他读了这首诗。In winter, leaves fall from trees and grass is dead.冬天叶落草枯。他从小就认真读书，刻苦学习。He worked hard at his studies even in early childhood.我看到了一次最胸围、最瑰丽的日出景象。I have seen a superbly majestic and beautiful sunrise.这又是一次拍马屁的机会，这种马屁奖分对于晋升和保持职位至关重要。It is a new chance to gain those brownie points which are so essential to promotion and tenure.这放盐也不是一成不变的，要因人、因时而变。The quantity of salt varies with people and the time.姑娘有点不好意思，脸红了。The girl blushed shyly. 6. 重复译法 多见英译汉Lets revise our safety and sanitary regulations.我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.水有由能量来分解，所谓能量就是电流。Mary opened her eyes. They were filled with tears.玛丽睁开眼睛，眼里充满泪水。He was proficient both as a pilot and as a navigator.他既精通飞行，又擅长导航。If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful period for the few.多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished.开始我们队这架飞机有种种顾虑，但不久就烟消云散了。From her I learned to tell the truth, to refrain from waste, to be considerate of the weak and respectful to age. 7. 转性译法My brother is a better teacher than I.我弟弟书教得比我好。One after another, the speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploration of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.发言人一个接一个地发言，表示要打倒帝国主义，要消灭人剥削人的制度，要解放世界上被压迫的人民。Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.或建议用来探索宇宙。They were more concerned with saving their own lives than with taking ours.他们更关心的是救自己的命，而不是要我们的命。I barreled straight ahead, across the harbor and out over the sea 我向前高速直飞，越过港口，飞临海面。Formality characterizes their relationship.以礼相待是他们关系的一个特点。He is eloquent and elegant.他既有口才，又有风度。The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she felt at the moment.她脸色苍白，清楚表明了她当时的情绪。He is physically weak but mentally strong.他身体虚弱，但意志坚强。They have not done so well ideologically as organizationally.他们思想工作没有组织工作做得好。The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of visiting the city poor.新市长礼节性地拜访了城市平民，赢得了一些好感。交易增加，要求流通的货币量也增加。An increase in business requires a rise in the amount of money coming into general circulation.绝对不允许违反这个规则。No violation of the principle can be tolerated.他负责翻译这个章节。He is responsible for the translation of this chapter.我们特别强调要搞好售后服务。We lay special stress on the importance of offering good follow-up service.采用这种装置可大大降低废品率。The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.他害怕蜘蛛。He is afraid of spiders.全世界人民都反对战争。People all over the world are against war.他不顾一切困难，坚持工作。He kept working in spite of all difficulties.收音机开着呢。The radio is on.它大得吓人。It is surprisingly large.中子和质子的作用不同。The neutron and the proton act differently.学生们应的肢体全面发展。The students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.温暖的屋子使她昏昏欲睡。The warmth of the room made her sleepy.他光荣出席了人民代表大会。He has the honor to attend the Peoples Congress.父亲不赞成地看着他。Father looked at him in disapproval.8. 换形译法The whole project was completed in a quarter of a year.整个项目用了三个月就完成了。It took them two decades to do the job.他们做这项工作花了20年。He is going away for a fortnight.他将离开两星期。Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation.87年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创建了一个新国家。about a quarter of a century ago 25年前他三月上旬在纽约。He was in New York in the first ten days of March.He is over sixty years old. 他已年过六旬/花甲。我母亲年过7旬/步入古稀之年。My mother is in her seventies.第一季度的工作尚未完成。The work of the first quarter of the year has not been completed.9. 合词译法In our factory, there is a hard and fast rule against smoking.我们工厂严禁吸烟。He is dead and gone.他的确死了。His father is a man who forgives and forgets.他父亲非常宽容。She shook and trembled with fear.她吓得抖个不停。He suffered aches and pains.他遭受了百般疼痛。He is a man of culture and learning.他非常有学问。She was surprised ad taken aback.她着实吃了一惊。你怎么能过河拆桥、忘恩负义呢？How can you kick down the ladder?他决心洗心革面，脱胎换骨。He is determined to turn over a new leaf.我们要专心致志、聚精会神地搞四个现代化。We must devote our full attention to achieving the four modernizations.10. 移植法A音译 （人名、地名、科技新词、某些商标与文化词）Marx 马克思 Atlanta 亚特兰大radar雷达 Dink丁克 logic 逻辑 totem 图腾钱钟书 Qian Zhongshu, 上海 Shanghai, 金华JINHUA, tank 坦克， pie 派麻将mahjong.磕头 kowtow 功夫 kungfu 衙门 yamen注意：人的本名音译，外号意译Iron Lady 铁娘子， Cinderella 灰姑娘黑旋风李逵 Li Kui the Black Whirlwind 芦柴棒 Spindle-Shanks 地名中的普通名词意译，专有名词音译Louisiana State University 路易斯安那州立大学the Philippine Island 菲律宾群岛the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河浙江省 Zhejiang Province 泰山 Mount Tai商标半音译半意译Goldlion 金利来 Coco Cola 可口可乐 Safeguard 舒肤佳 Colgate 高露洁乐凯 Lucky 乔式（衬衫） Choose（Shirt） 四通（电脑） Stone （computers） 音译后加表示类属的范畴词Sardine 沙丁鱼 pizza 比萨饼 waltz 华尔兹舞 ballet 芭蕾舞 jacket 夹克衫 bowling 保龄球花雕酒 Huadiao Wine约定俗成Bernard Shaw萧伯纳 Shelley 雪莱 New Zealand新西兰 Cambridge剑桥香港 Hong Kong 孔子Confucius 孙中山 Sun Yat-sen有些同时并用Engine 引擎/ 发动机 vitamin维他命/维生素 microphone麦克风/扩音器 taxi 的士/出租车 武术wushu/ martial arts 太极拳 taijiquan / shadow-boxingB.直接移植 WTO, Visa, MBA, GDP, CPI, PK, NBA, KTV 11. 释义法 paraphrasingThe study has a Spartan look.这书房看上去很简朴。This man is the black sheep of the family.这人是家里的害群之马。I have already let the cat out the bag.我已泄露了秘密。The sun sets regularly on the Union Jack these days, but never on the English language.现在，英国已不再是个“日不落”的国家了，但英语却广泛流行使用着。我们一个萝卜一个坑，腾不出人手来。We are so busy that no one can be spared for any other work科学史讲求实际的。Science deals with things in a practical way.三个人品字式坐了，随便谈了起来。The three people sat down facing each other and began chatting casually.该公司执电子行业之牛耳。 This company has achieved a premier position in the electronic industry.是否释义，要看读者的理解和接受能力；借用可以丰富本民族语言The olive branch, crocodile tears, to kill two birds with one stone, the sword of Damocles二、句子的翻译方法1. 换序译法Its good youre so considerate.你想得很周到，这很好。Even the wild animals of his homeland, it seemed to him, had more dignity than these creatures.他觉得，即使家乡的野兽都比这些人更有尊严。Send use a message in case you have any difficulty.有困难，就给我们捎个信儿。He is the happiest, be he king or peasant, who finds peace in his home.无论国王还是农夫，家庭和睦是最重要的。He stood there with his arms folded when he might have given me a hand. 他本可以帮我一把，却只是站在那儿袖手旁观。 The record was considered soft since it was set last May.这个纪录是去年五月创建的，但并不被认识是无法超越的。Pursue your object, be it what it will, steadily and indefatigably.不管追求什么目标都应坚持不懈。He will be remembered for that one book alone.仅凭那一本书就足以让人们记住他了。Offers of help are coming in thick and fast.四面八方立刻伸出了援助之手。It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I had intended to pay to China in January.我原打算一月访问中国，后来不得不推迟，这使我深感失望。发生了这种事不是你的错。It is not your fault that this has happened.他一字不漏地记下了所说的话。He took down what was said, careful not to miss a word.在一旁观看的小学生鼓起掌来。The pupils that had been watching started to applaud. 班机因大雾停航。The flight was cancelled due to the dense fog.许多老人喜欢每天上在北海公园早上清新的空气中钓鱼、下象棋。Many elderly men like to fish or play Chinese chess in the fresh morning air in Beihai Park every day.物体温度越高，释放的能量就越多，这是个非常重要的理论。2. 断句译法 多用于英译汉There is now a single accepted pronunciation for the vast majority of words in ordinary polite use, deviation from which is regarded either as a provincialism or as vulgarism.现今日常社交所用的大多数读音已有了一个公认统一的标准。不符合这个标准，就被称为方言或俗语了。Three rains had passed, and it was that lean season when the villages store of grain and other dried foods form the last harvest was almost gone.三个月的雨季已过去，正到了青黄不接的时节。村子里上一季收获储存的粮食和干果杂品差不多已食用一空。Philip Knight, Nikes multibillionaire Chairman and chief executive, managed to generate a lot of positive press recently when he announced that independent organizations would be allowed to inspect the overseas factories that make his companys products, that he would toughen the health and safety standards in the factories, and that he would crack down on the use of child labor.飞利浦奈特拥有数十亿资产，是耐克公司的董事长兼总经理。最近，他宣布将允许独立机构视察生产耐克产品的海外工厂，强化这些工厂的健康标准和安全标准，严禁使用童工。他的这一番言论在媒体产生了大量好评。While the present century was in its teens, and on one sun-shining morning in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Princetons academy for young ladies, a large family coach，with two fat horses in blazing harness, driven by a fat coachman in a three-cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour.故事发生在本世纪刚过了十几年的时候。六月的一天早晨，天气晴朗， 平克顿女子学校的大铁门前驶来一辆宽敞的私家马车。拉车的两匹马膘肥体壮，套着雪亮的马具；车夫也是胖胖的，带着假发和三角帽；车速达到每小时四英里。The President said at a press conference dominated by questions on yesterdays election results that he could not explain why the Republicans had suffered such a widespread defeat, which in the end would deprive the Republican Party of long-held superiority in the House.在记者招待会上，总统就昨天的选举结果回答了记者们的提问。他说他无法解释共和党为什么会遭到这么大的失败。这种失败会使共和党失去长久以来在众议院中所占有的优势地位。His boyfriend had recently returned home from Long Island and he told her of the house where he was boarded and lodged, a red-tiled bungalow, on a little hill, overlooking the blue sea, with a large, shading garden behind it.她男朋友刚从长岛回来。他跟她提起了那所供他食宿的房子。那是一座红瓦平房，坐落在小山上，俯瞰这蓝色的大海，房后有个绿树成荫的大花园。Achieving these will depend, in very large measure, upon the mobilization and education of the entire population, in particular on improving the education of girls and women- who are, at one, the most educationally deprived part of the population and the part with the greatest unexploited potential and talent.达到这些目标很大程度上依赖于动员和教育全体民众，尤其要依赖和改善女童和妇女的教育。在整个人口中，她们是教育权利上受剥削最甚的那个群体，也是具有最大尚未开发潜力和天赋的一个群体。根据下文语境的需要断句 The year 1983 began -ended- with an unusual oil crisis: fear that the price of crude oil would not go up but down.1983年伊始，就存在着一种于乎寻常的石油危机：人们担心原油价格会下降，而不是上扬。这一年结束时，情况依然如此。The popular reaction to the debt problem particularly in the U.S. was to try to punish the banks for having lent money to developing countries rather than to neighborhood companies.一般人对债务问题的反应是试图惩罚这些银行，责怪他们把钱借给了发展中国家，没有借给本地公司。在美国，情况尤其如此。3. 合句译法The young man was very miserable. He had no money about him. All his savings had been stolen.这个年轻人很惨，他所有的积蓄被偷，已落到身无分文的步。Darkness fell. An explosion shook the earth. It did not shake his will to go to the front.夜幕降临时，医生爆炸声震动了大地，却并没有动摇他上前线的决心。She is very busy at home. She had to take care of the children and do the kitchen work.他在家很忙，既要照看孩子，又要下厨房。She still remained one of my earliest recollections, not only as a person, but as a fount of authority over my conduct and security for my physical welfare, and of active and constant affection and love. She was an active and constant precept for decent behavior.她仍留在我最早的记忆中，不仅作为一个人，而且是一种监管我行为、保障我身体健康的源泉，是积极持久的深情厚爱的源泉，也是的题型为积极持久的典范。There are men here from all over the country. Many of them are from the South.从全国各地来的人中，有许多是南方人。Home after seven years. Home. The word had meant so much to him.家，阔别了七年的家，这个字对他多么亲切呀！太阳当顶了。田野，树丛，屋舍，都显现在光明静穆的大平面上。With the sun right overhead now, the fields, the clumps of trees and the huts were all picked out clearly on a vast, flat surface.4. 转句译法 多用于汉译英The