需求模型的建立(案例).doc

软件工程：需求工程图1 需求模型建立图2 需求模型建立图3 需求模型建立图4 需求模型建立图5场景1模型图6场景2模型图7场景3模型I Requirements detailsI.1 Model level requirementsI.1.1 Requirement 1. Project Description of Target SystemTitle ID Text1.Priority1WorkloadThe CyberFridge project is to use Internet connectivity, vision and mechanical systems to create an intelligent and productive refrigerator. Many of our daily tasks revolve around the refrigerator, and a CyberFridge would allow the automation of many of these routine tasks. Our project is a specific subset of this area which will allow you to use a recipe system to determine what recipe you would like to fix, and let you know if the items to make it reside in your kitchen. Specifically known as C.A.R.A. ( Clifford Automated Recipe Agent) the recipe agent will primarily serve the purpose of electronically making a shopping list and telling to its user the items which are lacking for a certain recipe and those items which currently reside in the fridge. CARA will therefore cross index the current inventory of the fridge and a recipe database in order to suggest what meals to make and what ingredients are to be bought( i.e. our grocery list). The recipe database will essentially have recipes of specific types of dishes (ex. Chinese, Italian, etc.) which the family living in the home would like to eat. The database will also record the more popular dishes selected previously, which are determined by the number of times a certain dish is requested in relation to other dishes. Our database can also be updated to add new recipes at the users discretion. I.1.2 Requirement 2. Scenario DescriptionsTitle ID Text2.Priority1Workload0I.1.2.1 Requirement 2.1 Scenario 1Title ID Text2.1Priority1WorkloadAnn has had a horrible day. On the way to work she got caught in traffic and her car overheated. That made her late for an important meeting with a new perspective client. This forced her to behind all day, and it seemed like she wouldnt have the time to complete some much needed shopping, or even plan a meal for that night. Looks like its KFC again. she grumbled to herself. But wait! She had just purchased a new cyberfridge with the CARA program for just these types of situations. She logged into her kitchen over the web , and saw all her favorite recipes, and whether or not the items needed for these recipes were in her kitchen. Now she could prepare a shopping list and get the good food that would keep her healthy, instead of having to scarf down more of that yucky fast food. Thanks CARA, and cyberfridge! I.1.2.2 Requirement 2.2 Scenario 2Title ID Text2.2Priority1WorkloadJohn, who is a member of a local charity organization, agreed to make five desserts for a fund raising event which was two days away. He knew there was no way he could pick the five desserts, figure out what ingredients he already had vs. those to buy, and cook them all. After talking with his friend, Jeff, they realized the option of using CARA, a recipe agent on Jeffs parents new cyberfridge. Utilizing CARAs inventory list of desserts, they picked out five good recipes. The recipe agent then listed the ingredients needed and those which they already had, and told them how long each would take to cook. They were able to work efficiently using the new recipe agent, CARA, on the cyberfridge to prepare all five desserts in time. I.1.2.3 Requirement 2.3 Scenario 3Title ID Text2.3Priority1WorkloadAunt Sues sister was getting married and going to come by her home in North Carolina on the way to there honeymoon. Sue heard that Shervin, Sues soon to be brother-in-law, was a vegetarian. Well, Sue wanted to fix something for them when they arrived because they would be tired and hungry, but she did not know any vegetarian meals or snacks to fix. Sue noticed that CARA, the recipe agent on her new cyberfridge, had categories of different types of food. After using CARAs user-friendly menu, she was able find a variety of vegetable plates. The recipe agent even listed the foods which needed to bought at the store, and directions for preparing the food. I.1.3 Requirement 3. Functional RequirementsTitle ID Text3.Priority1Workload54Goto: Food Inventory , Recipe Database , Recipe Search , Remote Access I.1.3.1 Requirement 3.1 Food InventoryTitle ID Text3.1Priority1Workload15CARA will keep track of what food items are currently in the kitchen, and will keep track of vital information about each item - how much is on hand, the expiration date, etc. In particular, CARA shall be able to perform the following actions: I.1.3.1.1 Requirement 3.1.1 User listTitle ID Text3.1.1Priority2Workload2The CyberFridge shall give the user a list of all food items currently in its inventory. CARA shall order this list according to criteria set by the user. These criteria shall include, but will not be limited to: food categories, alphabetical list, and time remaining before the items should be removed from the inventory. I.1.3.1.2 Requirement 3.1.2 Item requested from inventoryTitle ID Text3.1.2Priority1Workload3CARA shall return information about any item requested by the user. This information shall include, but will not be limited to: whether the item is currently on hand, the quantity remaining, and time remaining before the item should be removed from the inventory. I.1.3.1.3 Requirement 3.1.3 Addition to InventoryTitle ID Text3.1.3Priority1Workload5CARA shall track additions to the current inventory. This may be accomplished via a bar code scanner or by other means. Any food added to the kitchen stores shall be added to the inventory maintained by the CyberFridge. I.1.3.1.4 Requirement 3.1.4 Remove from inventoryTitle ID Text3.1.4Priority1Workload5CARA shall track removals from the current inventory. This may be accomplished via a bar code scanner or by other means. The quantity of food used or removed shall be tracked as well. Any quantity of food removed from the kitchen stores shall be removed from the inventory maintained by the CyberFridge. I.1.3.2 Requirement 3.2 Recipe DatabaseTitle ID Text3.2Priority1Workload20CARA will keep a database of all recipes which the user wishes to use. In particular, the CyberFridge shall be able to perform the following actions: I.1.3.2.1 Requirement 3.2.1 Recipe viewerTitle ID Text3.2.1Priority2Workload5CARA shall allow the user to view recipes by categories defined by the user. I.1.3.2.2 Requirement 3.2.2 Category managementTitle ID Text3.2.2Priority3Workload3CARA shall allow the user to create new categories or to modify existing categories. This shall include the ability to modify the list of recipes belonging to each category. I.1.3.2.3 Requirement 3.2.3 New recipeTitle ID Text3.2.3Priority1Workload4CARA shall allow the user to add new recipes to the database, and to place new recipes into existing categories. I.1.3.2.4 Requirement 3.2.4 Change recipeTitle ID Text3.2.4Priority1Workload4CARA shall allow the user to modify or delete recipes from the database. I.1.3.2.5 Requirement 3.2.5 Dowload recipeTitle ID Text3.2.5Priority1Workload4CARA shall allow the user to download recipes remotely from outside servers connected through the Internet. I.1.3.3 Requirement 3.3 Recipe SearchTitle ID Text3.3Priority1Workload14CARA will use the recipe database to recommend recipes to the user and to recommend food items for the user to purchase. In particular, the CyberFridge shall be able to perform the following actions: I.1.3.3.1 Requirement 3.3.1 Possible recipeTitle ID Text3.3.1Priority2Workload5CARA shall be able to give to the user a list of recipes which can be prepared using the food currently in inventory. I.1.3.3.2 Requirement 3.3.2 Prepare purchaseTitle ID Text3.3.2Priority2Workload3CARA shall be able to give to the user a list of food items which need to be purchased in order to prepare a particular recipe or group of recipes.I.1.3.3.3 Requirement 3.3.3 Frequently used recipesTitle ID Text3.3.3Priority2Workload3CARA shall keep track of recipes which are frequently prepared by the user, in order that these recipes may be suggested to the user again at future times. I.1.3.3.4 Requirement 3.3.4 SuggestionTitle ID Text3.3.4Priority3Workload3CARA shall give to the user a list of suggested recipes according to criteria set by the user. These criteria shall include, but will not be limited to: recipes for special occasions, recipes using or not using certain food items or groups of items, and recipes which utilize food which will otherwise need to be disposed of in the near future. In addition, these recipes shall be ordered according to criteria set by the user. These criteria shall include, but will not be limited to: favorite recipes, recipes which have not been used recently, or recipes ordered by preparation time. I.1.3.4 Requirement 3.4 Remote AccessTitle ID Text3.4Priority1Workload5CARA will allow the user to access its abilities from outside of the kitchen through the use of the Internet. In particular, CARA shall be able to perform the following actions: I.1.3.4.1 Requirement 3.4.1 Internet accessTitle ID Text3.4.1Priority3Workload5CARA shall allow the user to perform all recipe database actions and recipe search actions using an Internet-accessible interface. This interface will allow the user to access the capabilities of the CyberFridge through the World Wide Web. I.1.4 Requirement 4. Non-Functional RequirementsTitle ID Text4.Priority1Workload0I.1.4.1 Requirement 4.1 User friendly InterfaceTitle ID Text4.1Priority1WorkloadThe interface should be intuitive and easy to understand so anyone can use it. To check this we will pick 3 management or other non-CS majors and have them attempt to find a specific recipe, their favorite recipe and to add a new recipe to the database. I.1.4.2 Requirement 4.2 SpeedTitle ID Text4.2Priority1WorkloadWe will be building the system to run on Netscape 3.x running on P133 under Windows 95. Due to the nature of the web and Java, we will deem the system to have sufficient speed if it loads in under 2 minutes on Netscape 3.x on a T3 connection. I.1.4.3 Requirement 4.3 Starting RecipesTitle ID Text4.3Priority1WorkloadThe systems database will come with 13 recipes divided into 3 categories which we will pick from cookbooks or off the web as needed. I.1.5 Requirement 5. Development and Target PlatformsTitle ID Text5.Priority1WorkloadA TCP/IP connection to access the Internet needs to be present. Since much of the project will be written in Java and since it it is platform-independent, the code developed on our platform should run on most any target platform without modification, but specifically it will be modeled to run on the Windows 95 platform and tested there. There are two vehicle platforms that CARA will be developed on. It will be developed on Sun Sparcstations running Solaris equipped with the Java Development Kit 1.0 and the JDK for Windows 95. A Pentium class windows 95 running netscape 2.xx or higher. Hard-disk for minimal storage of operating system and Navigator Any user of the CARA agent of CyberFridge must have a password to be allowed access to the recipe-agent system, for example. I.1.6 Requirement 6. Risk AnalysisTitle ID Text6.Priority1WorkloadLoss of Personnel Due to the small size of our team, the loss of one of our members would be very detrimental. If the Architect dropped the course or became very ill, the project should still be able to function. However, it would result in some problems. To handle them, the Architect and all other group members will update the entire group on a weekly basis to ensure good continuity for completing the project in the alloted time by all remaining members. Good communication is therefore is essential. As a precautionary measure, each member in our group will learn other roles as well as the one to which he is designated with by actively participating throughout the entire software life cycle. This would considerably minimize the training overhead which would be incurred at any point in time when a replacement is necessary. Applet/Internet Security Restrictions Due to the security restrictions and concerns in Netscape, a client side refresh will have to be used to trigger any database accesses or display events. Vehicle Platform Crash In order to keep intact all completed versions, multiple copies of all necessary data and code are being saved. We are currently using the CoC machines to do most of our development for the CyberFridge. The vehicle machines have all the necessary tools to do the programming and is accessible to each member of the group. Losing access to these tools could make the software development process much slower. Further, other potential platforms dont make access as easy - workstations are individualized, and ACME has ownership restrictions to get around. Learning of the Programming Language/Environment If the programmers and architects do not efficiently train in terms of time and effort to learn Java, the design and implementation of the CyberFridge may be delayed. If this occurs than the programmers have to overlap their training time with the actual construction of our design. 需求细节模型需求需求 1.系统要实现的目标标题编号1优先程度1工作负荷量0 在人类文明已经进入电子信息的时代，绝大多数重复、单调、可程式化的工作都已经可以交由计算机来完成。面对复杂和庞大的计算任务，计算机在效率和准确度方面是人脑所不能望其项背的。作为传统产业的餐饮业，同其他很多传统产业一样，同样可以引入信息化改造。餐饮业的信息化改造内容，主要有：由传统的笔和纸点餐，改用电子点餐；由传统的人工计算、统计、管理，改用电脑进行计算、统计和管理；将现代的电子技术、无线技术、计算机技术和网络技术引入餐饮行业中来，替代部分人工操作，加快餐饮企业的运转效率，提升餐饮企业的管理水平，使餐饮企业运作更规范、更科学、更高效。通过对现代点餐系统的升级改良，提供更加快捷的便民服务，使人们的消费过程更加简单方便，增加客人消费的娱乐性，使消费者更能享受美食的快感。本系统的目标是实现点菜系统所需的各种基本功能，用户可通过访问我们的订餐系统，进行登录或注册，获得你想要的各种食物，管理员可以查看用户菜品，可以对菜品进行增加、删除、修改和查询，以及结账功能，最后打印小票。需求 2. 场景描述标题编号2.优先程度1工作负荷量0需求 2.1场景描述1标题编号2.1优先程度1工作负荷量0 工作了一天的Liliy和她的同事们想到附近的Happy餐厅吃饭。一来到餐馆，她浏览到了餐馆菜单，菜单含有菜式名称和价格，他们选择了几个菜。吃完后，收银员通过系统查看他们点餐情况，告诉顾客本次消费总费用，并打印账单给他们。需求 2.2场景描述2标题编号2.2优先程度1工作负荷量0正在Happy餐馆用餐的Jonn和他的家人吃完了一开始点的几个菜，想中途再点餐。于是他们叫来了服务员。服务员通过系统查看到他们的之前的点餐情况，帮助他们在原来的点餐清单上增加菜式。需求 2.3场景描述3标题编号2.3优先程度1工作负荷量0已在Happy餐馆吃完饭的Alice正准备结账。收银员查看了Alice的消费情况，发现她到本店的消费金额已经累过2000元了，于是收银员对Alice表示祝贺，Alice已经成为该餐馆的VIP客户了，以后在本店中消费都享有9.2折优惠。Alice很开心，并说她往后不仅会经常来这消费，也会介绍她的亲朋好友来这吃饭的。需求3.功能需求标题编号3优先程度1工作负荷量0需求 3.1 登录模块标题编号3.1优先程度1工作负荷量0系统用户共分为三个大组，一般用户、超级管理员用户、经理，不同组的用户拥有不同的权限。登录时会对其进行不同的验证，通过权限验证后，不同角色的用户会跳转到不同的用户界面。需求3.1.1一般用户标题编号3.1.1优先程度1工作负荷量0顾客点餐的增加、删除、修改、结账。需求3.1.2 餐厅经理标题编号3.1.2优先程度1工作负荷量0除上述权限外，可以查询并统计财务报表。需求3.1.3超级管理员标题编号3.1.3优先程度1工作负荷量0增加、修改、删除和查询员工信息；顾客点餐的信息增加、删除、修改、结账；查会员信息、菜谱信息、查看财务报表等。 需求3.2 点餐预定模块标题编号3.2优先程度1工作负荷量0餐饮预定模块主要是为了实现对顾客预定餐饮的信息进行管理，顾客提前通过电话或者网络方式订餐，顾客提供其电话号码，用户在系统中输入顾客的电话号码，如果该客户曾在本店订过餐饮或是本店会员，系统根据来电号码调出客户资料。如果该来电客户最近有过预定，系统还自动调出其预定单据，从而便于修改、取消等操作，如果顾客是餐厅的新用户，系统用户会记录下顾客的订餐信息。订餐模块包括浏览、查询、增加、修改和删除用户的订餐信息等功能，其订餐信息主要包括：桌台编号、账单日期、顾客名称、用餐人数、服务员、备注等。顾客到了用餐时间，来到餐厅向餐厅工作人员，提供订单编号，工作人员根据订单编号查询到顾客的订餐信息，则顾客就可以顺利用餐。需求3.3 结算模块标题编号3.3优先程度1工作负荷量0结算模块的主要功能是计算顾客餐饮总的消费金额。该模块消费主要包含三个部分，菜品及主食消费信息、酒水消费信息、餐饮附属品消费信息，结算工作人员将顾客这三个部分消费金额加起来，计算出顾客总消费金额。在账务信息中，结算工作人员和财务工作人员，还有顾客将会看到顾客应付总费用。需求3.4 服务模块标题编号3.4优先程度1工作负荷量0顾客来到餐厅入座后，餐厅服务员会手持iPad等设备登录餐饮管理系统，服务员会首先输入餐桌号，然后顾客会根据自己的需要，和餐厅不同的服务类别（特价、凉菜、热菜、汤、酒水、饮料）选择不同自己想要的食物和饮品。系统会根据顾客所点不同食物计算出总价格，以便让客人及时知道自己的消费情况，如果输入错误，系统会提供删除功能，最后提交到餐饮管理系统的点餐模块。点餐模块的主要功能是添加、修改、删除顾客点的餐饮信息。顾客的点餐信息基本包括菜单编号、菜品名称、单价、数量、总价、服务员、备注等信息。五、查询模块查询功能是每个管理系统不可缺少的一个模块，这里主要介绍菜品查询和顾客消费信息查询。需求3.4.1 菜品信息查询标题编号3.4.1优先程度1工作负荷量0这个模块主要是对店里所有现存菜品进行查询，满足顾客能快速知道自己想要点的菜在系统里是否存在，在这个模块里餐饮工作人员通过输入：商品名、商