关于安装电梯的社会实践报告.doc

关于安装电梯的社会实践报告为深入了解电梯总结构及其安装全流程，本人在御泉湾上从事为期一个月的电梯安装工作。从用途的角度上讲，电梯分客梯、货梯、客货两用梯、病床梯、住宅梯、杂物梯、专用梯等，本次实践安装的是客梯。电梯由机房、轿厢、厅门、井道四个基本部分组成，在功能上则存在曳引系统、导向系统、轿厢系统、重量平衡系统、安全保护装置系统、电气控制系统等。装梯属于高危作业，且配件繁多，准备工作需十分充足。一般由四至六人组成安装小组，其中有熟练的机械安装钳工和电工。机械和电气部分的安装应采用平行作业。安装前，根据装箱单及有关技术资料，开启包装箱，和对所有零部件及材料，了解该梯的型式，控制方式。根据布置图复核井道留孔、牛腿、地坑深度、顶层高度、层站数、层门型式、井道内镜平面尺寸，如有出入则要及时更正。安装人员必须遵守安装作业守则，工作时应互相监督，必须戴安全帽，系安全带。在井道测量时要做到：了解门口的井道内壁抹灰的形式和厚度；井道样板上标出导轨中心线和轿厢中心线，尺寸按土建图纸中的规定，考虑抹灰层厚度而定；应预先标好固定铅垂线的位置；测量记录表格，确定个别尺寸的最大偏差，按最佳方案重新确定固定铅垂线的位置；清理井道，架设脚手架；每台电梯井道实行单独供电，在底层入口处设开关；施工所需动力电源应送到机房内和工地的施工场所。接下来机械部分的安装工序可依次为：安置样板架，立导轨，装缓冲器，对重，装承重梁，装层门，拼轿厢，装轿门、轿架、开门机、导靴，装安全钳、过载装置，装曳引机、导向轮、限速器、曳引绳、补偿装置。电气部分安装程序可为：安装电线管或线槽，层数指示灯、召唤箱、消防开关，控制柜、机房布线，井道、机房各类电器装置。两者应平行作业，先后顺序仅供参考。然后清理井道机房、慢快试车调整，最后交付验收。上述具体某部分的详细安装方法如下：导轨的安装：1、根据导轨架铅垂线，地坑槽钢，其水平度不超过2/1000。2、拆除导轨架铅锤直线，按距各列导轨中心端面15mm处，以样板架上悬下垂线。3、在机房楼顶下面装一牢固滑轮，将导轨由底坑逐根向上立起，第一根下端以10毫米铺导轨垫或导轨座。4清洁导轨的连接处，螺栓连接牢固，导轨压板略微压紧，待校正后在进行牢固。安装轿厢时，将底盘放在轿厢架固定底盘上其间垫以技术规定的橡胶防震垫，调整轿厢架拉条，使轿厢底上水平面的不水平度不超过3/10000。将组装好的轿顶，用手拉葫芦悬挂在上樑下面；将四周的轿壁与轿底，顶与轿壁之间用螺栓紧固，并用角尺校正有轿门的一面轿壁的铅垂度不应超过1/10000；安装扶手、吊顶、操纵箱等；安装轿厢门，有开门机的轿厢门其碰撞力应不大于150N，若有安全触板，其碰撞力不大于50N；全部安装完毕后，用手拉葫芦提起，在轿底下面用平衡铁块调整平衡。电气部分中，井道内导线敷设电线管型式的安装中，先确定安装位置，根据铅垂线将各层的接线箱，电线管支承架用地脚螺栓与讲道固定，按照接线图所需导线数来确定电线管的规格所需的管数，测量各层接线箱间的间距截取电线管的长度，将导线穿入电线管内，两端需露出管口500mm长度的导线，便利与接线板连接。导线穿管时需避免潮气，污水浸入。限于篇幅，缓冲器、安全钳、机房、曳引机、导向轮等部分就不详写了。 电梯安装后，其完好率、故障率及使用寿命很大程度上取决于日常的维护保养。需制定维护保养计划，以日、周、月、季、年为周期进行，重点在日、月、年检，以日检、年检为例说明。日检维护内容包括：1、除对电梯准备性试车外，并应每天在机房内作巡视性检查。2、检查制动器、继电器、接触器等动作是否正常工作；各级电压是否在正常工作范围内。3、检查机房的温度、湿度及电动机、减速器、制动器、的温升。4、听有无异音和异常震动。5、闻有无异常气味出现。6、检查操纵箱的按钮、开关工作；指层及方向指示是否正常。年检的维修范围主要是全面检查电梯，并按新梯试车程序试验。若停止使用较长时间及发生地震、火灾需详细检查后方可使用。维修电梯最重要的是寻找故障。一般方法是置电梯于检修状态下，确保所有层门已关闭，在机房内点动电梯慢上或慢下来确定。当能点动电梯运行，又无异声、异味，则可肯定：1、机械系统没有问题：2、主拖动电路没有问题。故障出在电气控制电路之中。反之，故障可能出在机械系统或主拖动电路。此时先断开主电源开关，再手动盘车，如果能手动盘车且无异常，则故障出于主拖动电路。若手动盘车也不能使轿厢运行，或出现异常或异声，则可判断故障出于机械系统。安装电梯是高危作业，每个安装队员都应保持严谨作风。通过这次社会实践，收获的不仅仅是电梯的安装技术，更重要的是团结协作意识、分析思考能力等。Regarding installation elevator social practice reportFor the thorough knowledge of elevator total structure and the installation whole process, I have been in royal springs bay engaged in a month of elevators installation work.From the Angle of speaking, use elevator points passenger lifts, HuoTi, passenger amphibious ladders, sickbed ladder, housing ladder, sundry ladder, special ladder, etc, this practice is installed, the passenger lifts. Elevator by room, elevator car, hall door, well bild a basic components, on the function criterion existence tractive system, guiding system, elevator car system, weight balance system, safety protection devices system and electrical control system, etc.Pack ladder belong to high-risk assignments, and various, ready to work require fittings is plenty. Generally by 4 to 6 members installation team, including skilled machinery installation fitter and electrician. The installation of mechanical and electrical parts should be adopted parallel operation. Before installation, according to the packing list and relevant technical data and open the package, and for all parts and materials, understand the ladder model, the control mode. According to the arrangement review well tao leave holes, legs, pit depth, top height, layer stand number, layer door type, Wells translumenal endoscopic plane size, if any discrepancy is timely correction. Installation personnel must abide by the installation work site practice should supervise each other, you have to wear a helmet, wearing a seatbelt. In the well, tao measurement to do: understand well at the entrance of the gate of the inner tao plastering type and thickness, Wells tao template airstrip guide centerline and elevator car centerline and size according to the provisions of civil engineering drawings, consider plasterer layer thickness and decide, Should be in advance of the plumbline is marking good fixed position, Measuring record form, to determine the maximum deviation, individual size according to the optimal scheme of the plumbline is revalued fixed position, Cleaning Wells way, erection scaffold, Each machine elevator hoistway tao executes independent power supply, at the bottom of the entrance set switch; Construction power for the power supply should be sent to the telecom room and site of the construction site.The next mechanical part of installation procedures can be as follows: resettlement model frame, made guide rail, pack of heavy loading buffers, bearing beam, install layer door, spelling elevator car, car door loaded, its frame, open the door machine, guide boots, a safe grips, overload device, pack traction machine, guide wheel, speed device, traction rope, compensation devices. The electric parts installation program for: installation power lines or trough, the layer indicator, summon boxes, fire switch, control cabinets, computer room wiring, well way, computer room of electrical devices. They should be parallel operation, order is for reference only. And clean Wells tao rooms, slow fast commissioning adjustment, the last delivery acceptance.Above concrete in one part of the detailed installation method is as follows:Guide installation: 1, according to guide frame the plumbline is, pit channel steel, its levelness does not exceed 2/1000. 2 and removal, guide frame QianChui linear guide rail, according to each column from the center tip-to-face 15mm place, with sample under vertical suspension frame. 3, in room holds a firm pulley below the roof, will guide by the abyss by root upward, first set up shop in 10 millimeter root bottom guide pad or guide seats. 4 clean guide joints and bolt connection and firm, guide rail linking piece slightly compaction, wait for after correction in firmly.Install elevator car, will put in elevator car chassis frame fixed chassis meantime mat with the technical specifications of the rubber anti-shock pad, adjust the elevator car frame braces, make the elevator car bottom on the horizontal plane not levelness does not exceed 3/10000. Will assemble good car top, with the hand type hoists hanging in ShangLiang below; Will the car wall and car around the top, sedan chair wall between bolt, and have the car door calibration square rule side thereof wall of lead sag should not exceed 1/10,000, Install armrest, condole top, operation box; etc. Install elevator car door, have door machine elevator car door the collision force should be no more than 150N, if there is safety touch boards, the collision force is not more than 50N; All the installation is completed by hand type hoists brought, in litters bottom USES below balance iron adjust balancing.The electric parts, well within the tao wire laying wire tube type of installation, determine first installation position of each layer, according to the plumbline is the junction boxes, power lines supporting frame anchor bolt and boldly fixed, according to the number of wires required to determine the wiring diagram specifications of power lines needed tube number, measurement of each layer &type spacing between power lines interception length, the conductor through the wire tube, both ends must show orifice 500mm lengths of wire, convenience and wiring board connection. Wire should be avoid moisture wear tube, sewage immersed.Somewhere, buffer, safety plier, computer room, traction machine, guide wheel etc parts unknown wrote.After the elevator installed, its readiness, failure rate and service life depends largely on the routine maintenance. To formulate maintenance plan, take day, week, month, season, year cycle, key in the sun, moon and yearly check to daily inspection, the annual inspection as an example to illustrate. Daily inspection maintenance content includes: 1, in addition to the elevator repairing test, and every day in the engine room should be made within patrol sex is checked. 2, check the brakes, relays, contactor such action is normal operation; Whether at various levels in normal working voltage range. 3, check the room temperature, humidity and motor and reducer, brakes, temperature. 4, listen to the sound and abnormal vibration are betting. 5, smell smell appear without anomalies. 6, inspection operation box of button, switch work; Refers to the layer and direction indicator is normal or not. Yearly check of maintenance scope mainly check-over elevator, and according to the new ladder commissioning procedures test. If stop used longer and earthquake, fire need a detailed examination rear can use.Maintenance elevator is the most important search for fault. General method of transpedicular elevator in mainten