【初三英语】代词的用法.docx

官网：http:/www.pedu.love 中小学一对一课外辅导知识梳理 知识点1：代词一、 代词的分类（九类）：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词、关系代词。说明大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。二、代词的用法（一）人称代词I you he heritwe you they meyou him her it us youthem1、代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格： He has great concern for them. 他很关心他们。 She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。2、人称代词作表语时，用宾格时较多，特别是在口语中。 Who is knocking at the door？ Its me./ Me. 谁敲门？是我。 If I were her, I would take the advice. 我要是她就接收这个意见。3、在强调句中常用主格： It was he who did it. It is she who wants it.4、在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。He is more intelligent than her.He is taller than I am. 5、在使用人称代词时还应注意以下几点： we, you两词有时可用来泛指一般人：We (you) have to be cautious under such circumstances.在这样的情况下大家应特别小心。We (You) should keep calm even when we (you) are in danger.即使危急时刻也要保持冷静。They也可用来泛指某一些人：They dont allow us to smoke here. 这儿不让抽烟。（They代表谁不清楚）she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等：I think England will do what she promised to do. 我想英国会履行她的诺言。The “Easter” is due in tomorrow, isnt she? 东方号轮船明天进港，是吗？ 在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一（人称）。宾格me也一样。 You ,she and I will be in charge of the case.Mr.Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him. 第三人称，男女两性并用，男先女后。 He and she still dont agree to the plan.（二）物主代词my yourhis her its ouryour theirmineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 1、形容词性物主代词一般位于名词前，用作定语，限定该名词的意义。 Her parents are in England. 他的父母在英国。 2、名词性物主代词作主语： May I use your pen? Yours works better. 3、名词性物主代词作宾语： I love my motherland as much as you love yours. 4、名词性物主代词作表语：This umbrella is yours and that one is hers. 5、名词性物主代词与of连用：He is a close friend of ours. This stand of ours is beyond reproach. 我们的这个立场是无可非议的。 6、某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。例如： take sb. by the arm, be wounded in the leg.（三）反身代词1、见下表：数单数复数人称第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词IyouHe/she/itweyouthey反身代词myselfyourselfHimself/herselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves 另外，one的反身代词为oneself2、反身代词的用法： 1）作宾语： He can buy himself a lot of nice things.他可以给自己买好多好东西。 We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。 He thinks more of others than of himself. 他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。 2）作表语： That poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 Ill be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。 3）作主语或宾语的同位语（作主语同位语时，放在主语后或句末）： The thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。 You can go and ask him himself. 你可以去问他本人。 4）反身代词还可以与某些介词连用，组成固定搭配： by oneself：自己，一个人干 They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。 This is a machine that works by itself. 这是一部自动化的机器。 for oneself：替自己，为自己 She made no complaint for herself. 她没有替自己抱怨。 He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。 among themselves：之间 They had a heated discussion among themselves. 他们之间进行了热烈的讨论。 5）反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。例如，enjoy oneself, hurt oneself, teach oneself（四）相互代词（each other, one another）1、相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语；其所有格分别为each others 、one anothers ,作定语。They were pleased with one another. 他们彼此都很喜欢。We are all eager to learn from each other. 他们都急切的向彼此学习。The students borrowed each others notes. They have great concern for one anothers work.2、each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were independent of each other. 这些小团体通常是相互独立的。（五）指示代词指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。1、指示代词this和that的区别。this (these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间较远的人或物。This is my desk and that is yours.In those days they could not go to school.this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.He hurt his leg yesterday. Thats why he didnt come.为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.this在电话用语中作自我介绍，that询问对方； A: Hello! This is Bob (speaking).喂，我是鲍勃。 B: Whos that please? 请问是哪位？（美语用Whos it?或Whos this?）2）such和same的用法。such指“这样的”人或事，在句中作主语和定语。例如，a. Such was the story.4. We have never seen such a tall building.same指“同样的”人或事，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语，same的前面要用定冠词the.The same can be said of the other article. 另一篇文章也是同样的情况。（主语）Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.（表语）（六）疑问代词 疑问代词在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。 1、who/what询问姓名或关系。Who is he? He is my brother. /He is Henry. 询问职业或地位。What is he？ He is a lawyer/teacher.What/who 作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于说话人的视点，可单数也可复数。例如，a. What is /are on the table?b. Who is/are in the library? 2、which与who、what：which表示在一定范围内，而who、what则无此限制。例如，Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？ 3、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句（被称为连接代词）：例如：I cant make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。 Can you tell me whose the blue shirt on the bed is?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？【难点】（七）连接代词和关系代词： 1、连接代词与疑问代词的形式相同，主要有who、whom、whose、what、which以及它们与ever合成的代词whoever、whomever、whatever、whichever等。它们用来引导主语从句，宾语从句和表语从句，即连接复合句中的主句和从句，并在从句中担任一定的句子成分。例如，a. Do you know who has won the game? b. I dont know whom you should depend on? c. This book will show you what the best CEO should know. 这本书会告诉你最好的CEO的应该了解什么。 2、关系代词是用来引导定语从句的代词，它们包括who、whom、whose、which、that等。 例如，No one is happy with the fact that he found out.【重点】（八）不定代词：不定代词主要有：all、each、every、both、either、neither、one、none、little、few、many、much、other、another、 some、any、no，以及由some、any、no和every构成的合成代词。不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数和不可数之分，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等（every、no只能作定语）。1、some与any1）一般用法：some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。例如，a. He has some Chinese paintings.(定语)b. Some like sports, others like music.(主语) c. Ask me if you have any questions.(定语)d. I dont know any of the students.（宾语）2) 特殊用法：any用于肯定句表示“任何”的意思。例如，a. Any child can do that.（定语）b. You may take any of them.（宾语）some用于单数可数名词前表示“某一”。例如，Smith went to some place in England.（定语）在期待对方回答yes 时，some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中。例如，a. Would you like some bananas?（邀请）b. Mum,could you give me some money?(请求)2、one,both,all1）one作定语、表语、主语或宾语，可以指人或物，表示“一个”的意思，其复数为ones,指人时，其所有格是ones，反身代词是oneself。此外，one、ones可以代替上文提到过的词，以免重复，one、ones前面分别可以用this、that、these、those或the、which等词修饰。例如，a. One should try ones best to serve the people.(主语、定语)l This is not the one I want.(表语)l These books are more interesting than those ones.2）both用作定语、宾语、主语和同位语，可以指人或指物，表示“两者都”的意思。例如，a. This maths problem can be worked out in both ways.(定语)b. Both of the boys are here.(主语)c. We both are students.(同位语)注意： both用于否定句，表示部分否定；表示完全否定时，用neither。例如：a. Both of us are not teachers.我们俩并不都是教师。b. Neither of us is a teacher. 我们俩都不是教师。both不能放在the、these、those、my等之后，而应放在它们的前面。例如：a. Both my parents like this film.b. Both the /these boys are tall.3）all用作主语、表语、宾语、定语、同位语，指“全部的”、“整个的”，可与可数或不可数名词连用，除少数情除少数情况外，一般不与单数可数名词连用，与复数名词连用时，表示“所有的”、“全部的”，指三个或三个以上的人或物。例如，a. He gave me all the money.他把全部的钱给了我。b. All the schools are flooded.所有的学校都被淹了。c. I told him all about it. 我把一切都告诉了他。d. Thats all for today.今天就在这儿。3、many和muchmany和much都表示“许多”，但many修饰或代替复数可数名词，much修饰或代替不可数名词。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语。much有时用作状语。4、few, little; a few, a littlefew和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few 和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few、a few 修饰可数名词；little、a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。5、no和noneno=not any,表示“没有”，用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语，none代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数形式。none还可以在句中作宾语。注意：none既可以指人又可以指物，no one只能指人。6、each和everyeach（各个），指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个体，在句中作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。every（每个），指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重整体，在句中只能作定语。例如，a. Every student in our class has a dictionary.(定语，强调班上“所有的人”)b. Each student in our class has a dictionary.（定语，强调各个个体）c. Each of them has been there.（主语）d. We each got a ticket.（同位语）7、either和neithereither是“两者中任何一个”的意思，可修饰或代替单数可数名词，neither是“两者中没有一个”的意思，可以修饰或代替单数可数名词，它们可在句在作主语、宾语或定语。 例如： Here are two pens. You may take either of them.(宾语)注意： either也作副词，其意为“也”，用于否定句的句末。例如，He doesnlike tea, and I dont either.（状语）either与or构成连词，意为“不是就是”或“要么要么”。例如，He is either Japanese or Chinese. neither用作副词，意为“也不”，即“noteither”。例如，He cant do it, neither can I. neither可与nor构成连词，意为“既不也不”。例如，Neither he nor you are a student.8、other和another, the others 和othersthe other表示“两者中的另一个”；“the other + 复数可数名词”表示“其余（他）的”；the others表示“其他的人或物”；“others及other + 复数名词”泛指“其他的（别的）人或物”。这些词语在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。例如：a. He got two books; one is textbook, the other is a novel.b. Five of the pencils are red, the others(the other pens)are yellow.c. Some are singing, others are dancing.注意：another修饰或代替单数可数名词，意为“（三个或三个以上的）另一个”，不能指两者中的另一个，在句中可作宾语和定语。例如，a. This coat is too dark. Please show me another.(宾语)b. Please give me another book.（定语）注意：another修饰复数名词时，意为“再，又”。例如：Please give me another ten minutes. one another(a second) a thirdthe other意为“一个一个一个一个”用于三者或三者以上的排列someothersothers，意为“一些一些一些”。三、疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what，which，whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。which和what两者均可与名词连用。就人或物提问。但which一般用于有一定范围的情况，what用于无范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。四、it 的用法考查在英语中，It的使用相当广泛。它既可用作代词(如：人称代词、指示代词和非人称代词)，也可用作引导词(做形式主语、形式宾语及构成强调句型)。 1、考查it表示上文提过的事物或心目中的人或物的用法。 上文提过的事物（单数）或事情时，常用it来代替；指代心目中的人或物时也常用it来代替。 【考例】-_ will make your grandma happy if you buy a walking stick for her birthday, I guess. -It sounds a good idea! She has some problems walking now. A. ThatB. ItC. ThisD. What答案：B命题立意：本题考查指代词的用法。试题解析：依据题干you buy a walking stick for her birthday可知，此处用it指代这件事情。【考例】- A latest English newspaper, please!-Only one copy left. Would you like to have_ , sir? A. it B. one C. this D. that答案：A命题立意：本题考查替代词的用法。试题解析：it用于指代前面提到过的名词，可以替代单数可数名词和不可数名词。2、考查it作形式主语或形式宾语。 it作形式主语或形式宾语时，可指代动名词、动词不定式、主语从句或宾语从句。此时， it自身无词义，位于句子主语或宾语的位置，而真正作主语或宾语的动名词、动词不定式或从句则置于句子的后面。 注意： 考查it作形式主语或形式宾语常与that，this， as等一起考查。that, this, as等均不能作形式主语或形式宾语。 【考例】My mother finds great fun to learn to drive a car. A. it B. this C. the D. what 答案：A命题立意：本题考查“S + V + it + adj. to do sth.”句型的用法。试题解析：it 作指代词，用作形式宾语。3、it/that/one用法区别（it主要指代前面提到的同一物；one用来指代前面出现的单数名词，相当于a/an+单数名词，表泛指概念，往往是同类而同一物；that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the单数/不可数名词）【考例】一Two Evening Papers，please!0nly one copy leftWould you like to have_, sir? Aone Bit Cthis Dthat答案：B解析：句意：“请拿两份晚报!”“先生，仅剩下一份了。你想买它吗?”用it来代替前面提到的one copy，故选B。【考例】Wheres my watch?SorryI dont knowMaybe you put_ on the table Ait Bher Chim Dthem答案：A解析：此题考查代词的用法。it代替前面出现的单数事物，故选it。【考例】I cant find the pen I was given. Have you seen _? A. it B. one C. this D. that答案：A。it指前文出现过的单数物或人；one常用来代替上文出现的属于同一类事物的单数名词；that多指电话中的对方或用在比较等级前替代前边的事物；this指上文中已提到的两点中的后一点，其前一点用that表示。 【巩固练习】 （ ）1.Is this her bike? No, it isnt . Its_.A. mine B. my C. me D. hes（ ）2._ Li Pings brother. A. Her B. His C. Hes D. Shes（ ）3.I dont think we can do it all_. A. by ourselves B. by myself C. byourself D .by yourselves（ ）4.I cant repair the model ship_. Can you help_ ? A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself（ ）5.Does your brother often wash clothes_ ? A. he B .himself C. herself D .him（ ）6.The book on the shelf is_ . She wrote name on its cover_ . A .Hers; her ;herself B. Her; hers; herself C. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself（ ）7.Your mother is kindness_. A .itself B. herself C.oneself D .himself（ ）8.Whats this?_ . A. Its a bread B. It is a bread C. Its bread D. Thiss bread（ ）9.The bowls are on the table .There are some eggs in_. A. the B. them C. it D. he （ ）10.Let_ have a meeting . A. me B. you C. us D. me （ ）11. Mother often sees_ on Sunday . A. her all friends B. all her friend C. her friends D. her all friend.（ ）12.When you see Tom and his sister , tell_ that_ mother is waiting at the gate. A. his ;his B. her; hers C. them ; their D. his ; her ( )13.You may come to my house_ this week _ next week. A .neither; or B .from; to C .either;or D. either; nor( )14.I dont want this shirt. Please show me _. A .others B .the others C .another D .the other( )15. We study Chinese, English , maths and some_ subjects. A .the other B. one C .other D .another( )16.I have two sisters._ of them are doctors. A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither( )17. Dont worry . Theres _ much wrong with you. said the doctor. A. nothing B .everything C. something D .very ( )18.These shoes are too small. You may buy some_ shoes. A. another B.other C. the others D. others ( )19.I asked Jim and Bob to come to my house for dinner , but_ of them came . A .none B. either C .both D neither ( )20.They are_ the same size , so you may take_ half of the cake. A.at; each B. in; both C. at; neither D. in; either ( )21.Betty and John have come back , but_ students in the class arent here yet. A.the other B others C. another D. the others( )22.She stayed there longer than_. A. anyone B .anything else C. anybody D .anybody else( )23. When they met, they stopped and said hello to_.A. each other B. each another C. the other each D .each one ( )24. He wants you to talk_ about China. A .anything B .nothing C. thing D .something( )25.Granny seems ill. Are you sure its_ ? A .nothing serious B. anything serious C. serious nothing D. serious anything 1-5 ACACB 6-10 ABCBC 11-15 CCCCC 16-20 AABDD 21-25 ADADA【提高题】1. At the age of eight, the boy started teaching _ (he) mathematics.2. She said to _(she) , What a hard problem!3. The children all thought that they could look after _(they).4. I dont like the present _(it) , but the box.5. She is living all by _(she) now. Sometimes she stays with her son for one or two weeks.6. They enjoyed _ (they) very much at the party.7. The visitors helped _ (they) to the cakes.8. It was noisy in the room. I could hardly hear _ (I) speak.9. If you are careless, you will hurt _ (you).10. I wonder whether Peter made the model ship (he) .11. She looked at _( she) in the mirror.12. George is very pleased with _(he).13. He was happy as he had cooked _ (he) a good meal.14. If you can do it _(you) , never leave it to others.15. Oh, Mum, I dont want you to wash me. I can wash (I) now16. Mr and Mrs Wilson made the cake (they).17. Make . (you) at home.18. The lady bought _(she) a new hat.19. He thinks only of other people, never of _ _(he).20. The painting was drawn by the children _.(they). 1. Which one would you like to take, this one or that one? I would like to take _.A. two B. both C. all D. two of them2. These two pianos are very good. You can choose _ of them. A. both B. each C. either D. any3. Either Bill or Black said that he himself was right, and_ of them would give in.A. none B. both C. no D. neither4. I looked through several books, and I liked_ of them.A. neither B. no C. none D. nothing5. On _side of the street we could see shops and restaurants.A. either B. every C. both D. all6. Please come at_ time. Ill show you_ my stamps.A. any, all B. all, anyC. some, some D. any, every7.Im afraid I dont like these postcards. Can you show me some_?A. another B. other C. others D. /8. He has bought two colour TV sets. _is made in Shanghai, and _is made in Japan.A. One, another B. One, otherC. Each, other D. One, the other9. The students are planting trees in the park. _are watering the trees._ are digging, and_ are watering the trees.A. Some, the others B. Some, others C. Ones, other D. one after another10. They said hello to _ when they met on the ship.A. each other B. one other C. one the other D. One, another 11. Is he your brother? I didnt know you had _brother. Oh, I have two brothers.A. another B. the other C. other D. others12. They gave me some ideas, but_ of them can solve my problem.A. none B. no C. not any D. nothing13. Soapy tasted the two dishes, and said he didnt like _.A. neither B. any C. anything D. either14. At the party _child was given a bag of sweets.